فصلنامه زبان شناسی اجتماعی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، زمستان 1402)

Morgenstierne (1960) proposed a hypothesis about an ancient dialect in the south of Iran coexisting with Old Persian. As a piece of evidence for this, he pointed to the dialectal differences of words equivalent to the Persian word “šepeš” (louse) in Fars dialects, especially its difference in Kalimi and Laristani dialects compared to other dialects of Fars. Based on what was recorded as “Ө” in place of “s” in some words, Rezai Baghbidi (2003) claimed that the Shirazi dialect recorded in poems in the classical texts is reminiscent of an ancient dialect different from Old Persian. Before these two, Henning (1934) had regarded the sound “Ө” (which later changed to “t”) in some Shirazi and Manichaean words as a change of the sound “s” that must have occurred in the late middle era of the Iranian history. Finally, this discussion shows that the Old Shirazi (or Fars) dialect hypothesis faces some questions, which if not answered, result in support for Henning’s hypothesis.

Verbal violence is one of the main topics in the field of sociolinguistic studies. The purpose of this research is to study the dimensions of gender-based verbal violence based on Culpeper's perspective. The participants in the research were female employees working in the institutions in Tehran, who were selected based on purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and were subsequently categorized and analyzed based on Culpeper's social cognitive theory as a postmodern approach. The findings revealed both forms of verbal violence, namely, Bald On-record and Off-record, which include humiliation, insulting, blame-shifting, threatening, flirting, and, deceptive affection. Based on the findings, men use verbal violence purposefully, intentionally, and consciously, and women perceive verbal violence as rude, hostile, and irritating. Furthermore, women’s experience of gender-based verbal violence in the workplace shows that such behavior is a self-serving tool for men to benefit from gender stereotyping in order to attack women’s face, maintain and promote men’s face, advance their sexual harassment, and at the same time, excel in workplace competitions ahead of their women co-workers. The results also disclose how “language” that is affected by social norms, gender stereotypes, context, emotions, and individual desires can become more than a communicational tool, and be used as gender-based verbal violence in the workplace.

The social approach of Eric Landowski's about interactive sign-semantic, which is presented in continuation of Greimas' aesthetic beliefs of guizzo , is a productive approach in literary criticism. The researchers of this study have used this approach in analyzing adaptation of the corporality sign meanings of romantic in Forough Farrokhzad’s poems which are transcendental.The interaction of the discourse partners in the process of the poet's romantic discourse creates infinite meanings by metamorphosis of the corporality signs. the source of meaning creation occurre with union of me and other.Corporeal subject and corporeal object create a dynamic and generative texture in a life experience with eachother and the surrounding world in phenomenological understanding. this is in a collection of dynamic physical signs that create a generative texture in an ecstatic text . the movement of chain of ambiguous combinations leads to a pleasant ecstasy in the union of discourse partners.the authors have investigated three poems named "Vasl". "Fathe bagh" and "Bad ma ra ba khod khahad bord" with a holistic criticism. The result of investigation was that the romantic interaction of discourse partners with physical sign-meanings has been continuous in order to achieve unity and creation of new meanings.

It is more than two decades that culture has been taught as the fifth skill for foreign language learners. Ta’arof is a communicative strategy that Persian learners need to use in their very initial interactions with Iranian society i.e. a lack of its command may cause miscommunication. A review of some of the most popular TPFL textbooks shows the need for a pedagogical and linguistic basis for teaching ta’arof. The present article is an attempt to provide such basis by portraying a relatively cohesive picture of ta’arof situations, functions and linguistic structures through investigating ta’arof in native-speakers’ daily conversations. In this research a corpus of ta’arof collected by Kalantari(1398) was explored on the basis of Koutlaki’s framework of politeness and ta’arof. The study distinguished nine situations of ta’arof i.e. conversation onset, reception, request and enquiry, gratitude, empathy and sympathy, appreciation and encouragement, donation and receiving gifts, states and actions, coming and going and conversation disclosure. Then the functions included in each situation and the linguistic structures used for expressing ta’arof were searched and listed The research took a preliminary step towards a grammar of ta’arof which could be used in compiling TPFL textbooks and facilitating ta’arof teaching and learning.

This study investigates the social status of the varieties of Iranian languages and dialects towards the perspective of the hidden cognitive realities of real language use within the framework of the lectal variation theory. Using this usage-based theory, researchers have explored the language speakers’ desire and tendency towards different language varieties considering the independent social variables of financial level of living and occupation. A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire and interview were used in this study. Linguistic data were collected from a total of 314 participants selected semi-randomly among the language community of immigrants living in Tehran, with Turkish, Laki, Kurdish, Baluchi and Mazandarani languages as well as Mashhadi, Lori, Hamedani, Isfahani and Yazdi dialects. The Likert scale, Cronbach’s alpha, the Chi-square test, the P-value and one-dimensional student’s t-test were used in this study. According to the results, the use of non-standard varieties is more common among retired employees. Economically the lower strata have the highest use of non-standard varieties. 83.54 percent of the speakers of language varieties in Tehran prefer to use the standard language variety in daily conversation in the society. Considering the migration variable, using non-standard language varieties of first-generation immigrants is more common than the second-generation immigrants.

Proverbs are rooted in the culture of any language and as a result, they can be considered as one of the criteria for measuring the main elements of language. The present study also seeks to investigate the usage of color words in Persian and English proverbs based on the theory of Berlin and Kay (1969) so that the results are a criterion for measuring the taxonomic studies in relation to the main color words of these two languages. The theory of Berlin and Kay (1969) states that there is a hierarchy of 11 universal color words as the most obvious Universalist approach to color words. The results of this research showed that despite the existence of slight differences in the hierarchies of the main global color words, the hierarchies of the main Persian color words and the hierarchies of the main English color words with the hierarchies used in the present study, significant similarities can be observed both in their number and order. As a result, it is clear that the color words that have been introduced as the main color words of these two languages based on the theory of Berlin and Kay have been widely used in the culture of these two languages for a long time and have been in a way unknown, and entered the structure of proverbs. The comparative analysis also showed that although out of the total of 11 universal color words, 8 color words are used in Persian proverbs and 10 color words are used in English proverbs, the hierarchy of colors terms in Berlin and Kay (1969) are similar.

The purpose of this research is to examine the efforts and innovations that have made in the direction of developing the scientific register of Persian language in the field of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, all the articles of Tehran University's entrepreneurship magazine in the years 2008 to 2022 were explored by means of content analyses. The quarterly "Entrepreneurship Development" is a source for the production of modern Persian texts in the scientific register of Persian language in the field of entrepreneurship. To prepare the content analysis table, the classification of the Persian Language and Literature Academy was used for word selection methods. The classification has been based on selection (Persian archaic words), extension, derivation, dompounding, group or phrase, abbreviation and borrowing. The results indicate that during the 15 years of publication, the quarterly journal of Entrepreneurship has increased the lexical capital in the scientific form of the Persian language in the field of entrepreneurship. Word selection methods, including composition and group construction, have been well used, but some word selection capacities such as new selection, derivation and abbreviation are still neglected. Researchers use the construction of combination and group based on their linguistic intuition, without having consciously learned the processes of word formation, however, the use of more difficult methods such as substitution, derivation and abbreviation requires training to cultivate scientific language.