نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 24، بهار 1403)

 Today, urban furniture has been considered by city managers and planners due to its significant role in improving the quality of urban life. Therefore, a small change in the quality of each of its components has a direct impact on the quantity and quality of its components and other variables. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of urban furniture in regions 1 and 2 of Tabriz using fuzzy logic inference system in Matlab software environment. The present research is descriptive in terms of methodology and applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect data and information used in the research, the library and field survey method has been used. The components used in this study include two components of beauty and fit of urban furniture and urban furniture standard, each of which was examined in the form of three main indicators based on fuzzy logic inferences. The results showed that region 1 and 2 of Tabriz is not in a good position in terms of the quality of urban furniture with a score of 0.39 and 0.35, respectively, and has not been able to satisfy the people. Therefore, there is a need to review the approved urban furniture programs as well as to develop new programs based on the strengths and weaknesses of the areas under study.Finally, it should be noted that the use of comparative methods to assess the quality of furniture in different urban areas can provide a comprehensive view of recognizing the differences between areas in terms of urban facilities, the necessary planning to establish spatial justice between deprived areas and provided areas.

The outskirts of Mashhad are a collection of population centers that have expanded around the metropolis of Mashhad over the years. Which have created various problems for the metropolis of Mashhad; According to this, the present study was conducted with the main purpose of a sociological study of the process of formation and continuation of the Qala-e-Khiaban neighborhood in Mashhad as one of the essential informal settlementsThis research was conducted using an interpretive approach and qualitative research method and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 elites, residents, and informants from the Qala-e-Khiaban neighborhood. Data were collected using the snowball sampling method until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis of the data collected in this research has confronted us with 82 sub-categories, 28 sub-categories, and 10 main categories. The results showed that the policies of the government, the policies of urban management, the policies of Astan Quds, and the existence of the village of Qaleh-e-Khayban had prepared the necessary conditions for the initial formation of the neighborhood of Qaleh-e-Khayban. At different historical stages and due to developments and land reform policies, the war in Afghanistan, policies of destruction by the city administration, and the non-integration of excluded people in the society and economy of Mashhad have created and strengthened the migration of social and economic groups to Qala-e-Khayban neighborhood. Along with the spread of drought, the existence of anonymity and kinship ties and the expansion of informal jobs have led to the continuation and consolidation of marginalization and ultimately the formation of one of the most important suburbs of Mashhad.

There have been many changes in attitudes regarding risks in recent years, to the point that the international community now views resilience as an important strategy for enhancing communities and cities' ability. In this regard, the DEMATEL method was used to evaluate the cause-and-effect relationships between the criteria, the ANP method was utilized to assess the importance of each criterion, and the VIKOR method was used to rank urban regions of Tehran. In the first step, the criteria affecting resilience in 4 dimensions (environmental, economic, physical, and institutional), 11 criteria, and 31 sub-criteria were selected based on the Delphi method. In the next step, the DEMATEL method was used to investigate the causal relationships of criteria. The findings of the study showed that based on the values (D-R), the environmental dimension with a value of (1.18) was the most effective measure of urban resilience among the four dimensions of urban resilience. Furthermore, the results of ANP showed that disasters and natural hazards in the environmental dimension, urban infrastructure in the physical dimension, and employment rate in the socio-economic dimension had the highest impact among the sub-criteria. Also, the results of the VIKOR method showed that region 4 has a high level of resilience and region 12 has a low level of resilience. In general, it can be said that municipal areas located in the center of Tehran have less resilience to crises than other urban areas. Findings help urban planners and managers consider the criteria of the cause group to define priority prevention programs to increase urban resilience.

The Transportation-Based Development (TOD) approach is a type of development of living and working spaces that is defined based on the distance from the public transportation station and the main users in this development are pedestrians who are at a distance of 400 to 800 meters or about 5 to 10 minutes' walk provides them with the ability to walk comfortably and safely. In TODI's approach, there is a range of use intensity and density and height of buildings; This means that in the areas closer to the station, it provides more services to pedestrians and less services to private cars. Near the station, more compaction and mixing of uses is required, and this intensity decreases as it moves away from the station. The TOD approach is a type of development with mixed-use, compact, and high density, defined by easy access to public transportation. In Iran, the definition of TOD has been mistakenly reduced to a purely stationary place around the metro, and TOD projects have failed to meet the demands and expectations of the city. In this study, to answer the two main questions, i.e., which are the most appropriate urban metro stations for TOD implementation in Isfahan, and what is the right approach to achieve them, TOD indicators were developed. Additionally, by examining Isfahan’s capacities, areas that are suitable for the TOD approach were identified. By proposing the ranking algorithm and testing it, TOD potential areas in Isfahan metro have been prioritized. Darvaze- Dolat, Atiq Square and Azadi Square metro stations scored the highest points for TOD realization. Moreover, through the clustering method in Expert Choice software, a planning framework for TOD potential areas has been proposed.

Attention to the remaining areas of urban development is one of the most important problems facing all cities in the world, especially in less developed countries and the Third World. Urban regeneration policy is one of the newest methods of intervention in the old contexts and The issue of social capital is also raised as one of the pillars and requirements of the urban regeneration process. The main purpose of this study is to assess the indicators of social capital to examine the realization of the regeneration approach in the dilapidated fabric of Jaghtai city. Data were collected through two methods documentary and field (questionnaire). Data were analyzed using mean comparison data, analysis of variance and correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test, and multivariate regression in SPSS software. Cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability of the research and the SWOT technique was used to present the strategies. Is. The indicators of social capital that have been considered in this study include social participation, social trust, social awareness, social solidarity, social relations, and a sense of belonging to the environment. Also, the urban regeneration approach was measured in four dimensions of physical, social, economic, and human capacity components. The results show that the average social capital of the residents of the study neighborhood is lower than average. In the case of components of tuition regeneration, the mean of physical characteristics is lower than average and the mean of other components is above average and in good condition. Strategic results are more offensive, so it is suggested to use existing internal strengths to create and strengthen existing opportunities.

Resilience is a multidimensional concept and has been studied in many different disciplines including ecology, socio-ecological systems, social sciences and psychology. This concept has attracted more attention in recent years, especially in terms of urban planning. This concept is particularly highlighted when a city or community encounters threats such as natural hazards. To respond to these threats, a comprehensive resilience assessment is required to identify priority areas for disaster risk management. In this study, a systematic review method is used to review and analyze studies of resilience in Tehran, and then a systematic formulation is provided. The authors searched the SID and Magiran databases for studies related to urban resilience in Tehran using the keywords “resilience” and “urban resilience”. The PRISMA framework was used to select studies for systematic review, and ultimately 55 studies were included in the review. According to 49% of the studies, the level of resilience was different in urban areas of Tehran. Lack of equal access to municipal services due to their uneven distribution, Existence of worn-out fabrics and informal settlements in some areas and different financial ability and level of social participation of residents are among the main reasons for the variability of resilience in urban areas of Tehran. In addition, 38% of the studies concluded that the resilience situation in Tehran is unfavorable; in the meantime, informal settlements, dilapidated structures and the central part of Tehran had more unsuitable conditions. The results of this study are useful for city managers, crisis management, city council, NGOs and other organizations related to urban management.

Children's psychological preferences in urban space are among the essential principles in urban design, and children's preferences, which include paying attention, receiving, processing, and deciding on messages received from the environment, help the child's presence in urban space. Therefore, considering that children are among the vulnerable groups in society, so paying attention to their perception and wayfinding behavior has a significant place in urban design and planning. Children navigate according to the information received from the environment, and signs are one of the guiding tools in navigating children in urban spaces. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of symptoms in the wayfinding behavior of children 10-14 with emphasis on emotional intelligence in Sajjad neighborhood. The method used in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and survey nature. In this regard, in order to collect data, field observations, questionnaires and site visits have been used. The statistical population is 1310 people, which has been calculated by random sampling method and using Cochran's formula according to the population of children in the range of 297 people. Data analysis and evaluation of the effect of cues in the wayfinding process with emphasis on emotional intelligence were analyzed using statistical analysis including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), dependent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results indicate that children 10-12 years old in the wayfinding process pay attention to the size and shape of buildings and children 14-12 years old also pay attention to the characteristics of contrast, prominence and unique buildings. Also, children who have higher emotional intelligence than other children have a significant focus on symptoms in the wayfinding process. Younger children have relatively poor emotional intelligence than older children and are less likely to use the apparent features of symptoms in wayfinding.

Good urban governance always considers the general welfare of citizens and their social health, whose policies and programs are placed in the framework of certain indicators. The upcoming research deals with the comparative analysis of indicators and dimensions of good urban governance from the point of view of citizens, experts and managers in the current and desired situation. The research method is of a descriptive-analytical type, which examines the points of view of citizens, experts, and urban managers regarding the state of dimensions of good urban governance, as well as their similarities and differences, and the scope of their differences and similarities. The sources of data collection were library-documents and the use of questionnaire tools, 385 questionnaires were distributed to citizens and 48 questionnaires were distributed to experts and managers of the municipality and the city council. The tests used in this research with SPSS software include paired t-test and Friedman. The results obtained from the comparative analysis of the indicators show that according to the citizens, the variables of the research are consensual orientation, responsibility, and according to the managers, responsibility and all-round justice are the most important factors. Finally, the radar charts obtained from the paired analysis of the data show that there is a significant gap between the current and the desired situation from the point of view of citizens and administrators. With the explanation that according to the citizens, transparency and accountability have the largest average difference among the citizens with a number of 2.47 in the current situation and 3.99 and 4.02 in the desired situation.