فصلنامه بهبود مدیریت
پیاپی 63 (بهار 1403)

Technological collaboration in the global value chain of the copper industry has attracted the attention of large and small companies in this industry due to the increase in productivity, smartness and design of new products. Iran's National Copper Industries Company, as the parent organization of copper industries, is the subject of this research in the field of technological cooperation. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to identify the drivers of technological collabration of the National Iranian Copper Industries Company with knowledge-based companies in order to achieve higher value-added copper base products, job creation and profitability. This research was carried out with thematic analysis method of Attride-Stirling approach and data collection by library method and conducting semi-structured interviews with purposeful sampling method with 26 copper industry experts. As a result of this research, 26 effective drivers for the cooperation between the National Copper Industries Company of Iran and knowledge-based companies were identified, which are in seven categories: unpredictable environmental disturbances, development plans and policies of the country's mining sector, requirements for cooperation with knowledge-based companies, industry requirements Downstream of copper, the requirements of Iran's National Copper Industries Company, the challenges of international technological collabration and access to energy carriers were placed.

Given the importance of research in the economic growth and development of countries, various countries strive to allocate limited government funds to research activities effectively, using different policies. One of the policies for distributing research funds in the country is clause "6" of paragraph 9 of article 1 of the 1401 budget law, which has been since 2018, It is Known as the Sate system. Based on stockholders' feedback, the policy mentioned above faces multiple challenges in terms of content and implementation process. Therefore, this research aims to diagnose the issue with the mentioned policy. In this regard, data was collected through the examination of available reports, as well as interviews with ten stakeholders of the stated policy. The data was analyzed using Thematic analysis. Finally, 18 challenges were identified in two Groups: the policy content (7) and the implementation process (11). Among the most critical challenges are "Breaking down research fund of eligible institution by dividing them into 60-40 percent" and "Lack of supervision over the researcher selection process."Increasing the share of expense that firms must incur through the Sate system and providing the opportunity to benefit from the capacities of technology exchange brokers are among the recommendations to reform the policy.

Japan has always been presented as a model of success in advancing industrial policy. By examining the most important recent approaches to industrial policy, this article has identified four important areas in terms of design and implementation: (1) bureaucratic structure, institutional environment and organizational capabilities, (2) sectoral policies and targeted industries, (3) support tools and how to produce them, and (4) the interaction of the government and the private sector. In the following, 18 scientific researches were selected in the form of articles, books or book chapters that had a historical perspective on the implementation of industrial policy in Japan. These 18 works were analyzed in line with the investigation of four areas introduced in the theoretical literature of industrial policy, based on qualitative research and with thematic content analysis method, and three periods in the historical evolution of the implementation of industrial policy in Japan were identified: (1) The period of emergency and occupation of Japan (1945-early 1950s), (2) the start-up and productivity improvement period (1972-early 1950s) and finally (3) the adjustment and leapfrogging period (1972-1990). Finally, based on the experience of Japan and the review of the theoretical literature on industrial policy, a model of the historical evolution of the implementation of industrial policy is presented. This model has highlighted a path of preparing the initial conditions, improving productivity and launching new industries, and finally, adjusting declining industries and moving towards knowledge-intensive industries.

Nuclear industry as a strategic industry and atomic energy as a source of clean energy in many developed countries as one of the drivers of economic development, especially in the agricultural, medical and industrial sectors, have many applications. In the country of Iran, due to many factors, this industry has not been able to achieve favorable development in the field of application and commercialization, despite the significant progress in the field of infrastructure. Field investigations show that the main reasons for the lack of development of the private sector at the desired level in this industry are the inefficiency of the developer. The developer institution is responsible for investment, commercialization development, and technology development in an industry in a centralized manner. In the current research, with a systemic approach, and while examining the challenges of developing this industry, the factors affecting the technological performance of the country's nuclear industry development institution are examined and analyzed, and policy recommendations are provided. The research community is the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. In the present research, after a comprehensive review of the theoretical literature and models of the development organization in advanced countries in terms of this industry, interviews are conducted with 16 scientific and experimental experts, and after analysis using the qualitative content analysis method, from the tools Meek Meek has been used to identify the most important, influential and influential factors on the developer organization.

Considering the importance of technology in the economic development and its great role in improving productivity levels and creating economic added value, the development of technological capabilities has always been considered in policy programs. In this research, the goal is analyzing the content of the 6th program from the point of view of the development of technological capabilities to propose rulings to be included in the 7th program. For this purpose, based on a proposed framework, a content analysis of the legal provisions of the 6th Development Plan is done in order to extract the form of tools and intervention areas in the field of technology and innovation. Then, based on the held expert panels, the challenges of the lack of acceptable performance from the legal provisions of the program were identified, which include "failure to convert rulings into policy programs", "lack of mission-oriented policies", "failure to use innovation policy tools", "Not paying attention to the development of technology in important and bottleneck sectors", "Not paying attention to the development of new businesses, especially in the field of digital economy platforms". In addition, and in order to be included in the provisions of the 7th plan, four proposed programs to facilitate the development of technology and innovation in the 7th plan include "Technology development in the value chain of important industrial sectors", "Development of the international market and increasing the export of knowledge-based products". "Regulating the activity of internet businesses" and "developing innovative sector networks" were proposed.

Technology plays a prominent role in the defense industry, and due to its key role in national security and defense capability, governments allocate huge budgets to this sector. It is necessary to benefit from the technological capabilities of the defense sector, to achieve the set plans and finally to strengthen the technology of the national sector, and the successful transfer of technology to the national sector can save currency and develop the national sector, which is the best model to get out of the dependence and problems in the conditions of sanctions. It is research and development, the current research was done with the aim of designing and explaining the technology transfer model from the defense level to the national level based on the expert opinion. Based on this, conceptualization, determination of influencing factors and operational solutions to improve the technology transfer process from the defense level to the national level have been considered. According to the purpose, the current research is in the category of qualitative research, and the method of its implementation is the qualitative method of grounded theory.The main basis of collecting information and research data was based on the review of research literature and conducting fifteen interviews with knowledgeable experts in this field until reaching theoretical saturation. After collecting the information, the codes related to the interviews were analyzed. Findings of the research obtained from the triple open, axial and selective coding stages indicate that the final model consists of 6 general categories (causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, issueorientation, strategies and consequences), 16 sub-categories and 41 main concepts.The results of this research showed that the categories of technological progress of the defense sector, technological needs of the national sector, international sanctions are the factors influencing the transfer of technology from the defense sector to the national level, which results in the strategies of intermediary units, communication mechanisms between the defense sector and the national level, and the consequences It will be policy formulation, economic consequences, technological consequences, political consequences.