نشریه ایده های نو در تعلیم و تربیت
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1402)

Educational justice has always been the focus of education experts. The development of new philosophical and educational theories has also contributed to the possibility of realizing more educational justice, based on this; The main purpose of this research is to investigate the component of justice realization in the document of the fundamental transformation of the Iranian education system, as well as the views and opinions of the philosophers Plato and the first teacher Aristotle. To achieve this goal, a systematic review method was used. In the findings of this research, it seems that the document of fundamental transformation of education has challenges in the realization of justice. On the one hand, these challenges go back to the nature of the idealism approach and on the other hand, to the limited ideological view of justice. It seems that the realization of justice in the document of the fundamental transformation of education needs more analysis.What seems to be more scrutinized and has caused this research to be written is that the transformation document was written based on an idealistic perspective, and for this reason, it is very close to Plato's interpretation of justice, so that Plato for justice , depicts a utopia ruled by the philosopher king. From his point of view, justice should be created both within the individual and in the society. As for Aristotle, justice is the granting of rights to those who deserve it, and he considers it a virtue by which everyone should be given what is their right and entitlement.The virtue of everything is in the middle, and this limit is also a natural limit, and nature itself is considered unequal, and justice is the consequence of these inequalities. Instead of giving a general definition of justice like Plato, Aristotle tries to enumerate its types with more scientific precision, and this is due to his experimental and inductive method and avoiding generalism. This research investigates this concept further in the fundamental change document and also examines the educational opinions of Plato and AristotlePlato

The purpose of the current research is the application of chaos theory in Iran's education. This research is descriptive and mixed. The method of carrying out this research has been such that to collect information, Normex, Science Direct, Google ScholarScience, Mogiran, SID, Spinger, curriculum studies magazines and periodicals, scientific publications and periodicals were used to collect information. A research was searched with the keywords chaos, education and a combination of them.Studies that investigated the application of chaos theory in Iran's education, with a systematic review method, among 35 articles reviewed as a statistical population and 12 articles with a purposeful sampling method, as a statistical sample in the period of 1401-1396, including Iranian articles and Foreign articles in the period of 2010-2022 were selected and arranged in a structured format. Then, according to the application of chaos theory, the related materials in the field of the concept of chaos theory, its features, the connection of features with issues related to education and students, were extracted from related articles and analyzed.The results of the research show that: applying chaos theory in today's complex systems such as schools clearly provides a significant opportunity for change and transformation, because learning and thinking are not linear processes. Administrators and teachers should know that complexity and contradictions provide a space that is very favorable for creativity, behavior change, and academic success. The ability of an organization to maintain its dynamism and creativity is directly proportional to the effort it spends on continuous improvement, organization, risk-taking, transformation and development. This research is expected to show the importance of the subject and the necessity of its application in educational centers, fields It is important to do more research on this.

The target of this study was to compare academic vitality and academic anxiety in adolescent girls with normal and divorced parents. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistic population of the study included all of the adolescent girls in bukan middle schools in academic year of 2022-2023. The study sample consisted of 100 students who were selected through using Krejcie and Morgan table and answered academic vitality questionnaire of Hossein Chari and Dehghani Zadeh and academic anxiety questionnaire of Gadzella. After normality of data using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Independent samples t-test used to compare the variables in two groups of adolescent girls with normal and divorced parents. According to findings, adolescent girls with normal parents had more academic vitality and less academic anxiety and adolescent girls with divorced parents had less academic vitality and more academic anxiety; academic vitality and academic anxiety have a negative and significant relationship and there was a significant difference between academic vitality and academic anxiety in adolescent girls with normal and divorced parents. The results of this study contain important pragmatic implications to improve educational variables in adolescents in schools from the side of Education department.

The current research is aimed at investigating the moral theory of German philosopher Immanuel Kant and contemporary philosopher Thomas Scanlon. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical, which is described, interpreted, juxtaposed and compared with the four-stage model of George L. Brody. The statistical population of this research is the works of Kant and Thomas Scanlon regarding ethics. From the total of investigations and analysis and comparison of Kant's and Thomas Scanlon's ethical opinions, the results were obtained that Kant puts ethics as the goal and has promoted dutifulness in this field and presented reductionist ethics and religion in It lowers the moral limit. Scalnon's views are based on contractualism in ethics and bring the term of permissibility into the field of ethics.