نشریه نوآوری های اخیر در روان شناسی
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1403)

The current study aimed to investigate the canonical correlation between personality traits and social well-being among university students. This research is descriptive-correlational and uses canonical correlation analysis. The statistical population consisted of undergraduate students in one of the higher education institutions in Mashhad. A sample of 200 students was selected using convenience sampling and completed the online questionnaires. Data were collected using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Social Well-being Scale-short form (SWS-SF). Pearson's correlation coefficient and canonical correlation were used for data analysis. The results showed that the correlation between personality traits and social well-being was r= 0.67. The squared correlation was R2=0.45 and showed that knowing the personality traits could predict 45% of the changes in social well-being. The results of this study confirm the fact that social well-being is influenced by personality traits; therefore, to interpret the perception of social well-being it is necessary to pay attention to people's personality traits.

Children's responses to trauma depend on their psychological capacities. Given the importance of maternal reflective functioning in the formation of these psychological capacities, this research aims to investigate the mediating role of the mother-child relationship in the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and child emotional expression in trauma conditions. For this descriptive study, 74 mothers with children aged 4-8 years completed the Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation (MCRE) and the Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire (PRFQ) during the Covid-19 pandemic. To measure the children's emotional expression, the components of their drawings (depression, anxiety and excitability) were used. The results showed that despite the fit of the model, none of the indirect effects were significant (P>0.05). Direct effects showed that maternal prementalization was significantly related to the dysfunctional mother-child relationship and the child's emotional expression. In addition, interest and curiosity about the child's mental state were also related to the dysfunctional mother-child relationship (P<0.05). It seems that the mother's reflective functioning plays an important role in predicting the child's emotional expression in trauma situations. However, more research is needed to explain these relationships.

The current study aims to validate and explore the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS). A total of 150 prisoners in Chenaran who were addicted to substances, were randomly chosen to complete two scales: The Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale's Japanese version (SRRS) and the Post-Detoxification Craving and Temptation Scale (PDCTS). An exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure, accounting for 77.54 percent of the variance. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a satisfactory model fit. The Cronbach's alpha values registered at 0.94 for the entire scale, with subscale figures ranging from 0.92 to 0.95. Both convergent and divergent construct validity received positive evaluations. Overall, the SRRS exhibits a multifaceted structure and stands as a robust and valid tool for assessing relapse risk among substance users, offering significant implications for health and medical service provision.

The present study was conducted to examine the mediating role of optimism bias and risk taking in the relationship between interpersonal problems and addiction potential in drug addicts. Descriptive and correlational research methods were used. A convenience sample of 345 substance abusers was selected and assessed using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), the Optimism Bias Scale, the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS) and the Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS). Mediation regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that optimism bias did not have a significant correlation with interpersonal problems and addiction potential and lacked a mediating role. There was a correlation between risk-taking with interpersonal problems and potential to addiction. However, its mediating role was not significant. The results showed that interpersonal problems are related to addiction and can predict it. On this basis, it is better for therapists to consider improving interpersonal relationships and reducing communication problems in interventions with drug addicts.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the group therapy and training based on the combined approach of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on impulsive behaviors and schema modes of people with borderline personality disorder. This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all the clients of a psychological center in the fall and winter 2023 that 45 people with the diagnosis of BPD were screened through a clinical interview. Due to the withdrawal of some volunteers, the data of 36 people were analyzed in 3 groups of 12 people. The experimental groups underwent 10 intervention sessions. Research instruments included the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Schema Modes Questionnaire (SMQ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that group therapy was effective in the demanding parent mode (P<0.05), but training was not effective (P>0.05). In the angry child mode, detached protector mode, healthy adult mode and impulsive behaviors, both ways were effective (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Both ways were effective in the vulnerable child mode, impulsive child mode, happy child mode and punitive parent mode (P<0.05), but group therapy had more effect than training. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the combined approach of acceptance and commitment with schema therapy, using both group therapy and training methods, is effective for people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, but that group therapy has more advantages for these people.

The aim of the present study was to compare object relations and psychological needs in people with severe and mild symptoms following emotional breakdown. In a causal-comparative design, 200 people (120 women and 80 men) with emotional breakdown participated in the research through voluntary sampling via virtual networks and completed the Love Trauma Syndrome Inventory (LTSI), the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), and the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS). Participants were divided into two groups of severe (n=100) and mild (n=100) symptoms using the cut-off point of the Love Trauma Syndrome Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups with severe and mild symptoms on the dimensions of object relations and psychological needs. Thus, people with severe symptoms had higher scores on all dimensions of object relations, indicating more damage to each of the components in this group (P<0.001). Also, people with severe symptoms experienced less satisfaction and more frustration in their psychological needs (P<0.001). Based on the findings, correcting past communication patterns and compensating for psychological needs, in addition to reducing symptoms, will prevent these factors from being repeated in future relationships.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mahdism training on students' spiritual health. The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research statistical population comprised of students from Islamic Azad University of Roudehen. 30 students were selected using a voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The group undergoing the experiment received training on Mahdism in 15 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. while the control group did not receive any training. Data collection was done with the Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that Mahdism training is effective in improving students' spiritual health. The effect size for religious well-Being was 0.37, while for existential well-being it was 0.15. The research findings indicate that Mahdism training can enhance students' religious and existential well-being, making it a valuable intervention.