مجله پژوهش های سلولی مولکولی (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و هفتم شماره 1 (بهار 1403)

Lactobacillus in the intestine of fish act as biological protector and can lead to the improvement of the health of meat after catching, therefore increasing their number in the intestine is considered important. The aims of this study were evaluating the effect of biomin on the total bacterial counts and Lactobacillus in the Bester and Sterlet intestine, their growth rate, and comparing them with the control. The treatments included fish fed with zero (control), 1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg biomin. 72 fish of each species with an average weight of 48 and 86 g based on 5% weight were fed by hand for 60 days. At the end of farming period, the length (44.50-30.95 cm) and weight (112.76 - 374.36g) showed a significant increase in the 2% Biomin compared to other treatments. With the increase in the amount of biomin in the diet, despite the decrease in total bacterial counts, Lactobacillus increased (P>0.05). Total bacterial counts between Sterlet (4.21-4.41CFU) and Bester (4.32–4.49CFU) in concentrations of 1-2% biomin compared to the control (4.49-4.58CFU) did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). At the same levels in Sterlet (1.46-1.89CFU) and Bester (1.49-1.94 CFU) compared to the control (1.39-1.45CFU) a higher of Lactobacillus was observed (P>0.05). Bacterial agents did not differ significantly between experimental treatments (P>0.05). Since the use of Biomin (2%) Lactobacillus increased in fish compared to the control and led to an increase in the growth of fish, therefore its use is recommended for feeding fish.

In this research, the embryological characteristics of Anthemis haussknechtii were investigated. This study aimed to characterize the reproductive features of A. haussknechtii to find unique embryological characteristics. Light and fluorescence microscopes were used to examine different developmental stages. According to the results, the anther was tetrasporangiate and its wall development followed the dicotyledonous type. Young anther walls were composed of the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum from the outside to the inside. The tapetum layer was secretory. Tetrads of microspores were tetrahedral and tetragonal. Pollen grains were two-celled, triporate, and echinate when they shed. The ovule was of anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate type. Endothelium was composed of one row of cells. The micropylar megaspore developed into an eight-nucleate embryo sac with the pattern of Polygonum type. The tapetum type, mature pollen grain, and embryonic sac were different from the studied species of Anthemis. These results revealed valuable developmental features that could be used to differentiate this species from other members of the Asteraceae family.

Bio-cementation is a new process in which urea hydrolyzing bacteria decompose urea into ammonia and produce calcium carbonate crystals in higher pH due to the production of an alkaline environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of calcite using S. pasteurii in precipitation medium and optimization the factors affecting on this reaction. In addition, in this study, the effect of carbon sources in precipitation medium was studied. In this study, according to the results of quantitative XRD analysis, it was found that 1% urea with 94% calcite, 2.4% vaterite and 2% calcium with 92.3% calcite, 4.9% vaterite productivity, respectively, were the best condition for the highest calcite productivity in precipitation medium. Particle size analysis using FESEM revealed that particles produced in 1% urea were often in the range below 100 nm. With increasing urea concentration, the frequency of particles below 100nm in size decreased. The particle size distribution showed that the particles of less than 100nm were lower in 2% urea compared to 1%.FESEM analysis showed that with increasing calcium chloride particles of less than 50nm decreases significantly. The same was true of urea, and it was found that the particle size of the crystals increased at high concentrations of the reactants. In addition, the effect of the presence of carbon sources in the precipitation medium on the production of calcium carbonate crystals was also investigated, which was not significantly different from their absence ( glucose and sucrose). Maltose sugar decreases calcite and increases other crystals.

Iran is a country with a very diverse climate and rich in wild medicinal plants and mushrooms. Therefore, in order to use this diversity in breeding programs and also to preserve these natural resources, the study of genetic diversity is very important. In this study, the genetic diversity of 32 strains of Ganoderma lucidum collected from the northern strip of the country was investigated using 21 ISSR markers. According to the results, the polymorphic information content of markers ranged from 0.294 to 0.469 with a mean of 0.407. Also, Nei's genetic diversity, Shannon index and mean genetic distance were 0.214, 0.317 and 0.278, respectively. Based on principal components analysis, the first three components determined 63% of total variation. Based on cluster analysis, the investigated strains were divided into eight main groups. Sturcture analysis also revealed the presence of nine distinct genetic groups. In general, the results indicated that there was a favorable genetic diversity between the investigated strains of G. lucidum that can be considered in breeding programs.

The chimer structure consisting of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and the FC fragment of human IgG1 antibody binds to CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) ligands on APCs as a result inhibits CD28 binding and T lymphocyte activation. This structure, called Abatasept, was approved by the US FDA in 2005 to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

In this study, the CTLA4-FC chimer structure was designed and then some of its features were investigated using bioinformatics tools. The gene was then cloned into the pET-28a plasmid and transformed into E.coli BL21DE3. Recombinant protein was expressed and purified, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the binding affinity. Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLR) method was also used to evaluate the biological activity of recombinant protein.

Bioinformatics results showed that the designed structure of CTLA4-FC is suitable in terms of physicochemical properties, second and third structure, how it binds to the receptor, antigenic properties and mRNA properties. Recombinant protein was well expressed in bacteria. Purification was performed as required. Western blotting and ELISA results were positive and flow cytometry and MLR tests were acceptable.

Recombinant CTLA4-FC protein was produced in bacterial cells and bound well to CD80 and CD86 receptors and was able to inhibit T cells. So it can be a good candidate for drug production.

RNA-protein interactions play essential roles in many biological processes, such as gene regulation and fundamental cellular processes related to human, animal, and plant diseases. However, the patterns of these interactions are not fully understood. The experimental methods to solve this problem are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, there is a compelling need for developing reliable computational methods. Predicting these interactions requires structural information about RNA and protein, which is not always available. On the other hand, results of the research on transformers show that they can efficiently extract biochemical, biophysical, and structural features from molecule sequences. In this experiment, we use ProtAlbert and DNABERT transformers to provide a good representation for RNA and protein sequences. Then we feed the feature vectors to an asymmetric Siamese network to predict whether they interact with each other or not. The experimental results indicate that our method achieves superior performance with an average accuracy of 92.3% and an average area under the curve of 96.6%.

Dermatological treatment of many anticancer drugs using wheat gluten nanofibers as a delivery system for doxorubicin is prepared by electrospinning. Doxorubicin drug delivery through the skin is suggested to reduce side effects. Nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared testing, X-ray diffractometry, thermal gravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. SEM images showed that the addition of polyvinyl alcohol decreased the fiber diameter. Diameters of 180.14 ± 14.11 nm were obtained for wheat gluten nanofibers containing doxorubicin. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of extracts on 2780A, 12PC, 3PC, and MCF-7 cells is evaluated, which confirmed our results on the MCF-7 cell line. Diameters of 180.14 ± 14.11 nm were obtained for wheat gluten nanofibers containing doxorubicin. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of extracts on 2780A, 12PC, 3PC, and MCF-7 cells is evaluated, which confirmed our results on the MCF-7 cell line. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of extracts on 2780A, 12PC, 3PC, and MCF-7 cells is evaluated, which confirmed our results on the MCF-7 cell line.