نشریه مطالعات سیاسی - اجتماعی تاریخ معاصر ایران
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1403)

The research problem of the present study is to examine the ideology of the People's Party of Iran and investigate its programs in political, social, and economic arenas. Through an analytical and descriptive approach to historical sources and data, responses to the aforementioned problem were provided. Based on the research results, the party, according to its periodical analysis, assessed Iranian society on the brink of a social transformation and promoted a program grounded in an ideology aimed at realizing this transformation. The ideology in question was socialism based on theism, emphasizing a religious identity in its monotheistic form while also considering moral and humanistic socialism. Additionally, in the political arena, the party sought to overthrow the monarchical system and establish a democratic system. In social and economic arenas, it pursued socialist transformation focusing on fundamental rights and freedoms of the people, eradicating poverty and unemployment, providing jobs and bread, and ensuring conditions for education and healthcare for all. The party also aimed to adopt a national economic policy and pursue programs for economic growth and development, strengthening domestic production, and equitable wealth distribution, administrative reorganization, and more. The strategy for transition in this program was based on the premise that due to the incompetence of the old system in responding to the people's demands and the inability of social classes to seize power through classical means, a political and revolutionary group must strip the ruling class of political and governmental power through widespread and extensive struggle, replace them, and realize transformation and change in all social aspects.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the discourse of Shokoofeh newspaper as the second experience of women in journalism, emphasizing the position of women in the post-constitutional period and the issue of using tools to enter the social arena. Women who showed their active participation in the tobacco embargo activism and the establishment of the National Bank during the pre-constitutional period. The basic question of the present research, is based on the fact that according to the change in the bio-social coordinates of women in the post-constitutional period, what ideals and wishes have the writers of Shokoofeh newspapers chosen as their Central discourse, and what are the reasons for this in their society? And they considered the agents to prevent the flourishing of their place and the inhibiting factor? According to the review of the remaining issues of Shokoofeh newspaper, with the application of the content analysis method of the present article, it is formulated in such a way that in Shokoofeh newspaper, the typical hypothesis of women's newspapers is the entry of women into the social arena within the.

Health and development are crucial indicators of societal progress, and addressing these issues is a priority for all societies. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explain and sociologically analyze the impact of media on health socialization and economic development among the citizens of Doroud. This research is applied in terms of its goal and descriptive-survey in terms of its method. The statistical population included the citizens of Doroud, with a sample size of 768 determined using Cochran's formula. The research tool was a questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were assessed. The findings of the research indicated a significant relationship between media institution performance, media content, and media consumption with the variable of health socialization. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between the variable of health socialization and economic development and its dimensions, including (per capita income, purchasing power parity, sustainable income, human development, poverty, and unemployment). It can be concluded that media, as one of the most important social fields, can improve the context for enhancing health and well-being. Therefore, it is crucial to target health planning by responsible and related institutions in the media sector to involve various social classes in raising the cultural, social, and economic levels of urban households.

The emergence and occurrence of certain significant domestic and transnational events have always influenced the trajectory of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ultimately, these factors have led to the current direction of the executive branch's will in the Thirteenth Administration, which is embodied in the adherence to the "Look to the East" approach, with China at the forefront. Today, China, due to its high standing in the contemporary world and its comprehensive growth and development, especially in the economic and commercial spheres, is considered a model for other countries, particularly developing nations. The main concern has been the impact of the foreign policy approach of "Looking to the East" on Iran's economic interests. Based on the realist approach, China, by prioritizing economic regionalism and creating synergy between its geopolitical and geoeconomic positions in East Asia, seeks to balance the Pacific axis with the Atlantic axis led by the United States. Therefore, responding to the Pacific axis led by China is not a choice for Iran but a strategic necessity. The research findings indicate that the "Look to the East" policy aims to secure economic and geopolitical interests and to find a strategic partner for the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Adherence to peace is adherence to the rights of governments and natural and legal persons and guarantees progress and development, which needs to be institutionalized in their structure and existence and transformed into a global culture and the world is placed on the original foundation of peace. But the question is raised, why the hidden war is not imagined in the world of existence and real peace. The truth is that peace is faced with gaps that prevent its realization. Therefore, the main question of this research is: What are the gaps in world peace? The data and results of this research show that self-interest, heterogeneity and imbalance are the gaps in world peace that prevent its realization. This article seeks to explain and describe those gaps with regard to the political studies of the contemporary history of Iran. Data and information have been examined in a library and field manner and then described and analyzed.

Relations between countries are based on economic, security, geographical and cultural conditions. Although the status of these factors is changing in the age of globalization, it is not true to say that these factors do not affect the relations between the two countries. As neighbors, Iran and Azerbaijan have cultural, historical and religious commonalities. Nevertheless, the relations between the two countries have faced certain challenges. One of the main challenges has been the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, which has been addressed in this research on both security and economic levels. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the economic and security consequences of the Karabakh conflict on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question is how the Karabakh conflict can have economic and security consequences for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings indicate that the consequences and challenges in these two areas are within the scope of the positions of the Islamic Republic, the conflict in the field of energy and relations between Azerbaijan and Israel, along with the confrontation and the introduction of politics and ideology regarding the economic relations of these two countries. This research is done using descriptive-analytical method.

The aim of this research is to analyze the colonial trade strategy of the Netherlands with Iran during the Safavid period in the Persian Gulf. This paper attempts to evaluate and study the strategy and manner of trade of Dutch merchants, particularly the Dutch East India Company, with the traders of the Persian Gulf region and the Safavid government. It seeks to answer the question: What was the strategy of the Dutch in trading with the Safavid government and the traders of the Persian Gulf region, and what consequences did this strategy have for the Dutch East India Company and the Safavid government? The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the information gathering method is library research. If we consider Spain and Portugal as pioneers of classical colonialism in the 16th and 17th centuries, undoubtedly the Netherlands, with the establishment of the Dutch East India Company, was a forerunner in commercial colonization of the Eastern lands. The Dutch East India Company, utilizing its naval fleet and traversing the seas, sought highly profitable goods, particularly Indian spices and Iranian silk, along with other commodities of the East. In this context, the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, which had strategic connections with the Indian Ocean, held geostrategic importance for Dutch merchants; therefore, Dutch traders and sailors focused their trade predominantly on these areas. By adopting a strategy of trade monopoly and eliminating competitors, they employed a diverse set of tactics for trading with the merchants and the Safavid government, as well as the local governments of these regions. In line with this, the Dutch East India Company, with a flexible and thoroughly profit-driven approach towards the Iranian government and Iranian traders, utilized a range of tactics such as unfair contracts, collusion, barter trade, transport of goods and passengers, and smuggling of coins and goods. With this strategy, it was able to secure a larger share of Persian Gulf trade compared to other colonial competitors like England.

Architecture has always been connected to fundamental thought in some way. It appears that the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili complex, as one of the important centers of mysticism and Sufism, is also influenced by mystical ideas and concepts, which have impacted the formation of its architecture. The Sheikh Safi al-Din complex was constructed over various periods; however, historical texts state that Sadr al-Din Musa, the son and successor of the Sheikh, designed the order and structure of the mausoleum himself and was inspired to the architect through a dream. Therefore, it may be possible to recognize the connection of this complex's architecture with mystical thought and concepts. Examining the evolution of the architecture of the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili's khanqah (Sufi lodge) and mausoleum complex reveals that this cultural and historical monument is one of the missing links in Iranian art between the 8th century AH and the first quarter of the 12th century AH, holding significant importance in studying the architectural developments of khanqah and mausoleum structures in Iran and the Islamic world. This article aims to investigate the development and historical transformations of the architectural complex of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili up to the contemporary era. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and historical, descriptive-analytical based on its nature and method. Although conventional research methods such as library research and internet searches were employed to collect information, observation, field visits, and studies have been the primary methods throughout various stages of the research. To align interpretations and perceptions with existing realities, the site was visited multiple times, and analytical and interpretive methods were used to analyze the information. The results showed that many valuable buildings in the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili khanqah and mausoleum complex, which provide useful information in the field of archaeology and architecture of this religious monument, have disappeared. If they remain, they have taken on different forms over time and with changing periods. Comparing the current structures with the architectural spaces of the Safavid and pre-Safavid eras, as recorded in historical documents and the latest archaeological evidence, will prove the extent and former religious grandeur of this historical educational and religious institution during its peak period. Some architectural remains have disappeared, and their traces are hidden in the eastern and northeastern areas of the complex. In other words, although there is no precise knowledge about the extent of the complex during its peak period, it can be imagined that the volume of architecture and the current area of the complex, 135,320 square meters (excluding the organized and modern development and construction sections of the 1990s to 2010s in the northern and western sides of the complex), was more than twice the current extent.

Islamic art, particularly in the realms of architecture and related decorations, is characterized by unique and aesthetic subtleties. Decoration has played a prominent role in the history of Iranian architecture, maintaining its dynamism and continuity from ancient times to the present day. For example, Iranian artists, especially during the post-Seljuk period, utilized small turquoise-glazed tile pieces for buildings, and the Safavid era can be considered the pinnacle of exterior decoration of structures. In Islamic-Iranian structures, the dome is considered one of the most symbolic elements of Islamic architecture, which received significant attention during the Safavid period. Although dome decorations began prominently during the Timurid era, they reached their peak during the Safavid period. This study aims to introduce and examine the dome of the prominent Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque to further analyze and understand the Safavid approach and interest in this type of decoration. In the present research, a descriptive-analytical method utilizing library tools has been employed for analysis. The dome of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, both in terms of form and the harmony in its motifs and colors, exemplifies the best possible representation of the harmony between form and meaning. This dome is a tangible manifestation of the congruence between form and meaning in Islamic architecture.

This study examines the impact of audience media literacy on combating fake news from the perspective of experts. The research method is applied and qualitative, utilizing in-depth interviews with research experts, including university professors, media experts and specialists, and media practitioners. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and the statistical population of the study comprised three groups: university professors, media experts and specialists, and media practitioners. The reason for selecting these three groups was to utilize the experiences of all individuals proficient in the research topic to address the concept under investigation from all angles. The research sampling method was the snowball method, and the number of samples was determined based on the principle of reaching theoretical saturation. Accordingly, 11 interviews were conducted. After collecting the interview texts and thoroughly analyzing the experts' experiences, the descriptive phenomenology method based on the Husserlian approach was used to analyze the data obtained from the interviews. According to the research results, the codes extracted from the expert interviews were divided into three categories: 1) literacy related to the nature and purpose of the news, 2) literacy related to the audience, 3) literacy related to the news publisher.