فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 75 (زمستان 1402)

By examining the ontological views of Imam Khomeini, this research shows that the selected theories in the field of ontology have certain theoretical implications in political science. Based on Islamic ontology and referring to the words of the Imam Khomeini, after proving the existence of God Almighty and monotheism in the necessity of existence, the absolute creation of God is proven. Monotheism in creation also requires monotheism in God's true ownership of all existence, monotheism in creative lordship over all creations, and monotheism in legislative lordship over sovereign creatures. In this way, the levels of monotheism lead to the monopoly of the right of sovereignty in God Almighty, and this absolute belief in God appears in the field of social relations between humans in the jurisprudential principle of "no human authority over another human being". Thus, in the Imam's political thought, which is based on absolute monotheism, no one has the right to rule over another, unless God has given him such a right.

Ideal governance and the theory of the revolutionary system is an idea that seeks to guide governments and the administrative and political structure in general in a direction that causes the least corruption and internal damage. The goal is to examine the degree of compatibility and efficiency of these two together and to find out the relation between the two. The research method of this research is content analysis, and the main question of the article follows as: What is the relationship between an ideal governance and revolutionary theory in the Supreme Leader's thought, and the how to achieve them? It seems that the concepts and components contained in the theory of ideal governance and the theory of the revolutionary system do not conflict with each other in the thought of the Supreme Leader, and the way to reach it will be possible through self-development, community building d state building.

With the victory of the Islamic revolution and the clergy`s occupation in the political affairs arising from it, the political functions have originated from the religious functions. Investigating the single category of religion and politics and the establishment of the Islamic system is one of the primary goals of this research, which tries to answer the question of what kind of objective and subjective relationship between politics and the clergy has emerged in the establishment of the Islamic Revolution, and what functions the clergy has. In response to this question, the hypothesis is based on the fact that maintaining and strengthening national-Islamic unity and solidarity is one of the most important effective institutional functions that highlights the role of the clergy in the development of the Islamic system. The findings of the research, which is analytical and based on the theoretical framework of functionalism, show that protection, support and political expediency in the direction of the establishment of the Islamic system, strengthen the institutional areas in the social and political fields.

One of the important issues in the contemporary history of Iran is the that of the reasons for avoiding the uprising of Ayatollah Haeri (1238-1315 AH) and Ayatollah Borujerdi (1254-1340 AH) against the Pahlavi regime; contrary to Imam Khomeini's efforts against the Pahlavi regime, they have refrained from rising. In this article, with historical-analytical method, the secret of the reluctance of two scholars before Imam Khomeini in Hawzah, their disagreement with Imam Khomeini was not in: opposing the cruel ruler, believing in the separation of Hawzah from politics or limiting themselves to monitoring politics and government, but, like Imam Khomeini, they believed in the role of jurists in the political arena in the age of ghaybat. The main reason for the differences was the emergence of some obstacles to the uprising during their authority; obstacles such as the lack of a basis for the establishment of an Islamic government, the fear of the decline of the domain and the destruction of Shiism in Iran, which destroyed the basis for the uprising against the Pahlavi regime.

Among the many concepts of Iranian history and contemporary thought, the concept of "republic" is one of the most problematic. Before the sanction movement, neither the word "republic" was a familiar word, nor was its concept considered clear and possible, but over time, this word was used and the ground for the objective realization of its concept was also provided so that at the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, it was focused on by Imam Khomeini (r) as the only clear concept that shows the role of the people in determining their destiny. The research question is the how of course of the concept of republic and its objective realization in the contemporary history of Iran. The findings of this research show that the concept of republic in contemporary Iran became believable and possible after the great historical experiences that social movements and the Islamic awakening movement made. These experiences first realized the key concept of "Muslim Public" and this concept provided the basis for the objective realization of the concept of "Republic" and "Islamic Republic".

The main question of the current research is: What was the role of the crisis of influence in the fall of the Pahlavi regime and the victory of the revolution? The obtained results show that the Pahlavi regime, in order to gain influence and popularize its policies and ideology, took measures such as land reforms, the White Revolution, 2500-year celebrations, changing Islamic history to the monarchy, promoting non-native and non-religious culture. Such remedies not only did not lead to the expansion of the regime's influence among the Iranian society, but the regime's influence among the people decreased day by day, which ultimately led to the weakening of its influence and social base and the collapse of the Pahlavi regime. The research method is descriptive-analytical and causal research. The method of data collection in this research was done in the form of library and documents.

Currently, Iran and China are known as two revisionist actors in the international arena who, while opposing the unipolar international system, have succeeded in creating a multipolar system and changing the equations in their favor, and in this regard, they begin to develop comprehensive cooperation and relations. However, despite the strengthening of relations and the development of cooperation, the role of external and internal factors prevents the formation of strategic relations between Iran and China. Therefore, the main question of the research is what measures Iran and China have taken to develop cooperation and what are the reasons for not forming strategic relations between the parties? The hypothesis of the article is that the dissatisfaction and opposition of Iran and China with the unipolar system and American hegemony provides the necessary capacity and possibility for the development of cooperation and convergence between Tehran and Beijing. Nevertheless, influential external and internal factors and variables have prevented the formation of a specific and uniform pattern in Iran-China relations and these relations do not take a strategic form. The method used in this article is descriptive-analytical.

Despite the passage of more than four decades since the Iraq-Iran war, due to the effects that this war has had on geopolitics and regional order, and specifically on Iran's political-security approach and regional policy and its influence in the West Asian region, it is worthy of paying attention. Therefore, the question that arises is that how did the Iran-Iraq war affect the relations between Iran and Syria and the expansion of the regional influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran? Investigating the issue using the defensive neorealism approach, descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources shows that this war made Iran's strategic loneliness and its unwanted isolation and lack of an ally in the region more obvious and the strategic proximity of Iran and Syria and The expansion of the scope of security cooperation between the two countries from Iraq to Lebanon and Palestine led to confrontation with the Zionist regime and it caused attention to regional influence and strategic deepening and countering security threats with the help of non-governmental allies in Iran's regional political-security approach. This ultimately led to an increase in political-ideological influence and strategic depth and regional deterrence power of Iran in West Asia.