نشریه جغرافیا و آینده پژوهی منطقه ای
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، تابستان 1403)

Housing has been one of the most important household assets throughout history. By examining the factors affecting housing prices, planning and decisions about the future of housing can be made. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors (physical, access, environmental variables) on housing prices in Maragheh, The study is applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of real estate consultants in Maragheh. Data collection was done by library and field methods. From the mentioned community, according to Cochran's formula, a number of simple random methods have been selected as a sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, analysis of variance and multivariate regression. Findings show that all three components (physical, access, environmental) have an impact on housing prices in Maragheh. There is no significant difference in the impact of each on housing prices in Maragheh. In the physical variables of the building: the quality of the structure, in the access variables: the access to the medical centers and distance from the transport lines and access to the workplace and in the environmental variable: the components of nature and green space and social status have the greatest impact compared to other components. Among the variables affecting housing prices, the access variable had the major impact, then the environmental variable and finally the physical variable had the largest share on housing prices in Maragheh.

Housing is one of the most basic human needs that humanity faces. Paying attention to housing and its condition in metropolises like Tehran has always been the focus of researchers. The main goal of the research is a "comparative evaluation of the housing physical conditions in the selected neighborhoods of the 2nd district of Tehran". The current research method is applied. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was used together with face-to-face interviews. In the current research, seven indicators have been verified and it is assumed that the physical conditions of housing can be defined with the determined indicators. These seven indicators are: the area of the residential unit, the number of floors, the compatibility of adjacent uses with the house, the number of rooms in the residential unit, the age of the building, the quality of the building and the housing pattern. The results of the research show that due to the relatively large difference in the amount of the “housing physical conditions” factor in the neighborhoods of Shahrak Gharb and Saadat Abad, which are in very favorable condition, with the neighborhoods of Shadmehr and Tarasht, which are in an average condition, inequality in terms of housing physical conditions is very noticeable in the selected neighborhoods of District 2 of Tehran. Therefore, the way of distribution and access to the physical indicators of housing in the mentioned neighborhoods is not fair and there is a difference and spatial injustice in the distribution of the studied indicators among the selected neighborhoods of the 2nd district of Tehran.

One of the important areas in the field of natural tourism in Iran is Yasouj city, especially the Yasouj-Sepidan road, but despite its potential capacities, this road has not found a place in the field of tourism. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the impact of ecological tourism obstacles using an interpretive structural model on the Yasouj-Sepidan road, which has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method. In the process of preparing and generating data, firstly, the factors affecting the development of ecological tourism in Yasouj-Sepidan have been identified using the opinions of 15 experts in this subject and professors and experts in relevant organizations through the Delphi method. In order to analyze the information of 15 factors as strong influencing factors of Yasouj-Sepidan ecological tourism, interpretive-structural modeling and then MicMac software have been used. The results of the research showed the lack of proper planning by responsible government institutions, weak private sector investment, weak government investment, lack of independent organization to hire experienced and competent managers and organize tourist organizations, and lack of specialized and trained personnel. In the region, the weakness of management and the weakness of education and publicity in the field of tourism culture development, the failure to provide the necessary facilities and permits from the government are the most effective levels, and the three obstacles are the lack of suitable hotels for tourist accommodation, the inappropriateness of health and service facilities, and the inappropriateness of facilities and equipment. In addition, out of the 15 obstacles to the advancement of ecological tourism in the Yasouj-Sepidan road, 10 obstacles are variables that have high influence and dependence, and 5 obstacles are dependent variables that have weak influence but high dependency. Recommendations are provided at the end of the paper.

The increase in the number of tourists will lead to the prosperity of business and increase the income of companies and institutions that operate in this field. The development of tourism, especially in less developed countries, is an effective factor in dealing with poverty and it leads to an increase in the income of different strata, a decrease in unemployment and an advance in economic and social prosperity. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of social security based on the development of tourism in urban architectural spaces. The current research is correlational research and was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this research is all tourists, both native and non-native, of Kerman city in 1401, of which 391 people were randomly selected as a sample. In this research, two researcher-made questionnaires of social security of citizens and the development of tourism Chris et al., 2006) were used. Analysis of research data was done in two descriptive (mean, standard deviation, table, figure and graph) and inferential (structural equation modeling) sections using LISREL and SPSS20 software. The obtained results indicate; that there is a positive and direct relationship between the components of the sense of social security and tourism at a significance level of 0.01. In other words, the more the social security of tourists increases, the greater their desire to travel to these areas will be.

Due to the fact that neighborhood is the most basic element in a city and citizenship is a common general feeling on national and social identity in a particular area, undoubtedly, neighborhood-oriented management plays a significant role in urban management. But unfortunately, citizen-oriented perspective in urban management of our country has been of little importance nowadays. This paper seeks to evaluate the level of urban managers' attention to the potentials and capacities of neighborhood oriented in medium-sized cities like Bahar. Furthermore, measuring and evaluating the strengths and the weaknesses of such an attitude has been considered. The method of this present study is descriptive-analytics and the questionnaire is used for collecting the data needed to carry out the analysis. The statistical population includes managers and experts in the field of urban management in the city of Bahar, and 196 people were selected using Morgan Formula. The results of the research indicate that urban management in its current form does not lead to optimal management in cities because the problems of cities are very complex. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the neighborhood oriented approach as a connection point between the local community and the central government. The results of One-Sample t-Test showed that transparency (score 3.25) as one of the factors of urban management is the most important one because, in recent years, beneficial efforts have been made by the municipality of Bahar to inform the public about their activities. Also, the neighborhood centrality with the statistical mean of (3) indicates the medium and suitable level of this element in this city of Hamadan Province.

Rainfall variation is a clear indicator of climate change. IPCC in its multiple assessment reports has raised concerns over the changing climate and rising global average temperatures which could lead to widespread and catastrophic impacts on natural and human systems. The study of long-term patterns is crucial in establishing evidence of shifting climate and informing policy decisions.This study examines the rainfall trend and variability of the semi-arid Agra district and assesses rainfall in the region. Annual rainfall for 101 years from 18 grid data points was statistically analysed for the same. For the projection and analysis of data points, a Thiessen network polygon was drawn using QGIS 3.28.4. Each grid data point was assigned a Thiessen polygon. According to the area each Thiessen polygon covers, it was assigned weights. Then according to the weight of each polygon, annual rain in that area was calculated. Next, the data were tested for homogeneity and breakpoints using the Standard Normal Homogeneity test, Buishand’s Range test, Buishand’s U test and Pettitt’s test. After this the trend of the data was identified using Mann-Kendall and the magnitude was calculated using Theil-Sen’s estimator. R-studio was used for all the statistical analysis and graph plotting. Upon conducting the Standard Normal Homogeneity test, Buishand’s Range test, Buishand’s U test and Pettitt’s test it was found that the data was non-homogeneous with the breakpoint in the year 1967. The Mann-Kendall test revealed a declining trend in the annual rainfall and the Theil-Sen estimator calculated the magnitude of this declining trend to be -1.63 for the last century. The findings suggest that climate change is having a significant impact on rainfall in the semi-arid Agra district. The declining trend in rainfall could have several negative consequences for the region, including water scarcity, crop failure, and increased risk of droughts.

Carrying capacity assessment is an important component of maintaining sustainability in the tourism sector. All the concerns in tourism are linked to the number of tourists that visit a particular spot. The study area has beautiful landscapes in the cold desert ecosystem as well as Buddhist distinctiveness, which attracts mass tourism. Nowadays, tourism development has introduced concerns about sustainability and establishing standards for tourist destination capabilities.

The present study aims to analyze the following objectives 1) To assess the physical carrying capacity (PCC), real carrying capacity (RCC), and effective carrying capacity (ECC) of selected tourist spots in Nako village and 2) To calculate the parking capacity of the monastery.

The methods specified in the International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) were used to measure the carrying capacities of particular tourist destinations in Nako. Three-level techniques were applied to assess the physical (28161 persons), real (4162 persons), and effective (2968 persons) carrying capacities.

Results indicate that ECC is the most suitable for the estimation, and the current situation of tourism is underexploited in the study area.

There are very small to large types of systems found in Nako, and these systems also support different types of activities. Tourism is a highly practiced activity, and it has environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts. They are dependent on different parameters and also vary with the changing nature of the interaction. It is found that the present status of tourism activity in the study area is highly underexploited vis-a-vis it carrying capacity.