نشریه مطالعات میان رشته ای معماری ایران
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار و تابستان 1402)

The mosque, as a religious building and place of worship, is one of the most important architectural works in Islam and has always been one of the highest examples of decoration in the history of Islamic art and architecture. In addition to beautifying the space, decorations have an effective role in improving the quality of the spiritual space of worship. In the Qajar period, due to the influence and prevalence of Western culture and thought, the nature of decorative forms has changed, separated from transcendent concepts and has found more tangible and objective meanings. Tiling and inscriptions have an effective role in the decoration of mosques of the Qajar period and the decorations of many mosques have been dedicated to this period, while in previous periods they have received less attention. The research method of the present article is descriptive-analytical. In the first step, through library studies and using written sources, theoretical foundations related to the decorations of mosques of the Qajar period have been collected, and in the next step, tile decorations and inscriptions in the mosques of Moshir-Ol Molk and Nasir-Ol Molk have been compared comparatively. The findings show that tiling and inscriptions play an essential role in Qajar period decorations. Among them, in the tiling of Moshir-Ol Molk Mosque, geometric patterns and in the tiling of Nasir-Ol Molk Mosque, architectural motifs of landscapes prevail over other motifs, but in terms of inscriptions, in both mosques, similar Qur'anic inscriptions with The third line is used.

Bathhouse (public Bath) as one of the well-known models of traditional Iranian buildings is important in the architectural literature, which is due to the heat exchange feature and energy storage in the body of this type of building. From this point of view, the fact that the whole design and pattern of these public baths are similar to each other needs to be investigated. In fact, traditional baths are not only an example of historical value, but also this building has a special and valuable function in terms of energy storage and prevention of heat exchange. This study focuses on their thermal behavior because the main parts of the traditional baths are two dry and wet spaces in the spatial-functional hierarchy of this building, namely the tepidarium (garmkhaneh) and the apodyterium (sarbineh). In this study, the thermal crust of hot and dry climates in Iran will be investigated due to the limitations of the research only in terms of surfaces and geometric area, which is one of the three main components in heat exchange through the crust.This study tries to identify the body of these spaces in terms of measures to reduce the area to volume ratio by examining the walling of the tepidarium (garmkhaneh) and the apodyterium (sarbineh) as spaces sensitive to heat exchange through the envelope  in traditional baths.This research has a quantitative post-positivist paradigm and a combined strategy of modeling and mathematical reasoning that for the meaningfulness of the responses, the relationship between heat loss through the envelope and the effectiveness of reducing the power of the heating system based on the quantity of the area is understood by simulating traditional bathroom spaces and adapting design solutions.What is induced based on the study of proportions and comparison of surfaces and volumes of selected samples, is that the general design of apodyterium and tepidarium spaces, by increasing the floor area of walls and walls connected to spaces with lower temperature difference and also reducing the area to volume ratio in Outdoor-related building-envelopes has led to a reduction in temperature losses through the envelope.

The relationship between architecture and music has been discussed many times. Rafsanjan is a city with a historical antiquity, which unfortunately has suffered from lack of culture in the field of music. This research tries to present the design of a music conference center in Rafsanjan by using the aesthetic theories of music and architecture. The main subject of the research is: how to use the aesthetic theories of music and art in Islamic civilization and architecture in the field of design? The research uses descriptive-analytical method to investigate this issue. In the end, it is concluded that by considering architectural factors such as creating the right rhythm in the form, creating harmony in the interior spaces, climatic conditions, suitable micro-spaces, proper connection of spaces, we can analyze the aesthetic theories of music and architecture in the field. Benefited design. The results of this research have been used in designing a music conference center in Rafsanjan using aesthetic theories of music and art in Islamic civilization and architecture.

Isfahan's Chaharbagh School-Mosque is considered as a valuable relic of the art and architecture of the Safavid era, which has preserved its splendor after more than three centuries. Knowing the basics and principles used in the design and construction of this building and the arrangements thought for its social and historical meaning can be a model for today's architecture, in order to achieve excellence in terms of form and meaning. The purpose of the current research is to explain and analyzing the various aspects of stability and reliability of this building and to discover its unique physical and spatial features. The mentioned research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and data collection has been done in documentary and field form. For this purpose, the climatic, social, economic, historical and aesthetic aspects are analyzed and evaluated in a qualitative way, taking into account the physical, semantic and spiritual characteristics of the building. The results show that the building of the Chaharbagh School mosque not only considered the climatic characteristics from an environmental point of view to provide a pleasant environment compatible with the surrounding nature, but it was also socially and economically stable. The use of Islamic art in the arrays of covering surfaces has made the building beautiful in terms of beauty. In such a way that you can see a dynamic and lasting treasure of art and architecture in it.

The spatial structure of Iranian houses, despite the spatial differences, have the same physical characteristics. Throughout history, various factors had an impact on the formation of the physical elements of houses, climate, culture, and economy being the most important. This research aims to analyze the spatial structure of the introverted houses of the Qajar era with the approach of space syntax in order to identify the effectiveness of the criteria of privacy, geometry, hierarchy, orientation and composition. The research method in this study is descriptive and analytical, and the collection of materials was done by library method and field observation. In the process of analysis, four Qajar houses with a central courtyard form were selected in the cities of the four climates of Iran, in order to determine the role of climate, culture and economy in the characteristics of the architectural body through the analysis of the graphs obtained from the data access graph and comparative analysis. The results of the research indicated that in the form of the central courtyard, due to privacy, the private part is the farthest from the entrance. The geometry of the plan is axial and the existence of spatial hierarchy in the entrance part has helped the natural circulation inside the house. In humid climates, the orientation is towards the local wind, which helps ventilation, and in hot, dry and cold mountainous climates, it is towards the south, so that the main parts of the house are warmed by sunlight in winter. The composition is also perfect in the examined samples and local materials are used in its partial elements.

The quality of the educational environment is one of the important factors in the educational system, which plays a major role in learning and creating motivation for learning. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate a type of educational environment that is the architecture faculties to recognize the factors affecting the quality of these environments and to examine their differences in the faculties defined in the old building and the faculties located in the university sites. The research method is qualitative and the study used the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy method (FAHP), to analyze the data obtained from the statistical population. So having the selected criteria derived from the content of theoretical concepts and evaluated from the perspective of three factors of students and teachers through questionnaires, and direct observation of researchers, the paper discusses the options based on the analytical procedure. Case studies indicate that the components of the physical aspect, the social space and behavioral bases, outer space, visual display, and objective perspective, microclimate conditions, pathing ways, and mental perspective in the faculties defined in traditional buildings, and the components of the outer space, learning environments, access to the media and the overall effect of the environment in the faculties located in the campuses are of superior quality. The results conclude that identification of the environment and spatial perception is a fundamental aspect of architectural education, therefore these environments pay more attention to their physical dimensions and could establish a better relationship with students in addition to better education.

At the same time, the architectural space creates a feeling of dissatisfaction in the audience, which leads to people leaving the space and unwillingness to attend. Identifying the factors that create the movement hierarchy in the building has an effective role in advancing and spatial diversity. These concepts (hierarchy and movement) have been discussed in Iranian philosophy and mysticism. Now this question is raised that the tomb building of a mystic like Sheikh Ahmad Jam has been in the process of changes in the series of movement levels and its connection with the concepts of movement and hierarchy in the philosophical concepts of Iran. The following article is descriptive-analytical and data collection was done through library and document study. The findings of the movement hierarchy research were categorized into 7 principles and each of these stages into 4 movement orders for the tomb, and it was shown that physical to meaningful movement should take place in each stage so that the human mind can be prepared to climb to a higher stage. The theoretical bases of the research were categorized into four architectural factors, including functional, semantic (decorations, proportions, symbolism), visual (light, surface difference, rhythm) and physical (geometry, axis, sequence). The results of the research showed that the presence of movement hierarchy in the complex causes the formation of this complex behind the architectural ideas of this building in the city and promotes the audience to attend the cemetery.

The space where children are hospitalized is one of the spaces that affects their mental state. A sick child is more sensitive and irritable than adults, so the interior design of the treatment space where the child is hospitalized can be such that it creates a peaceful environment in the space. The main goal of this research is to identify the appropriate color palette to increase environmental comfort in children's treatment spaces from the perspective of users (sick children, accompanying mothers and nurses). In order to achieve this goal, this research has used the ethnography method by adopting a qualitative approach. The sampling method of this research was targeted and the statistical population was children admitted to the pediatric department of the neuropsychiatric hospital of Rouzbeh Hospital and their accompanying mothers as well as the nurses of the relevant department. In the section related to mothers and nurses, data has been obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews. But in the case of children, due to the difficulties of access and interview, coloring sheets containing raw 3D images of the spaces of the children's department were provided to them for coloring. The findings of this research indicate that colors that are weakened by white are liked by mothers and cold colors are more relaxing for nurses. Children are also interested in using happy and gentle colors in hospital spaces. Finally, it has been tried to extract and present the desired color palette from the obtained data.

The city at night is defined by the presence of people, and for this reason, the type of design and dealing with the quality of urban spaces can become a memory, sit in the collective memory of the city and attract the population of citizens. Therefore, one of the indicators of the quality of the environment at night is the lighting of the night landscape, which shows the environment with a different interpretation than what was observed during the day, therefore, the city and different urban spaces need different lighting methods and techniques. and have the correct use of the characteristics of light. The purpose of the present research, using the descriptive analytical research method, is to introduce the necessity of light and express the principles of lighting as one of the main elements of the urban landscape, taking into account the objective, subjective and aesthetic dimensions in order to improve the night life of the city and its expectations. which is expected from the environment. The findings of the research show that if attention is paid to lighting, both as a decorative activity and as an effective solution in the re-architecture of cities at night, it can revive the urban nightscape, following the presence of citizens in urban spaces and as a result of the interaction of citizens with each other and citizens with urban spaces, events and activities are formed. And as a result, it will bring the development of the quality of the urban environment.

Urban growth and development is an inevitable and ever-changing process. One of the most important concerns in this development is determining the proper directions and the way of physical expansion of the city to respond to the current needs and anticipate future needs; Because this matter, in addition to urban planning policies, affects economic, social and environmental issues in many urban areas. In this regard, due to the limitation of land for the development of cities, as well as the problems resulting from the uncontrolled and scattered growth of cities, attention has been paid to sustainable development as a strategy, A development that causes the least damage to the environment and provides a healthy city for life. One of the proposed approaches in the sustainable development of cities is to pay attention to brown lands. In this approach, the reuse of urban land is emphasized. In this article, the goals and benefits of sustainable development are investigated using the descriptive, formative and case method. The process and method of dealing with these types of land are determined and to make the topics objective, two examples of sustainable development, which have already been done, are introduced. The first example is Mesil Ken in Tehran (Jawanmardan Park) and the second example (external) is the London Olympic Park in England, and in the following, the research process of the brown fields of the Tabriz army barracks is examined as a case study.

One of the fields in which human thought, intellectual and philosophical concepts and customs have been manifested throughout history is the architecture and architectural structures of buildings, through which humans have been trying to show off their cultural differences with other nations. Remaining works of religious and historical buildings and places show that throughout history, religious mixtures have benefited from visual arts in order to establish their existence and make religious mixtures eternal, which is one of the clear examples of that architecture, which always has a close relationship between art and Architecture and religious rites have arisen and with the appearance of religious rites, these places have become a symbol of the rites, considering the importance of the subject, the present article seeks to answer the question of how Islam and Zoroastrianism in Have they influenced the design of religious places? In order to answer this question, the comparative-historical study method has been used, and the basis of collecting information and data in this article is based on the library and field method, the results of the comparative study of the studied samples showed that the Blue Mosque and the Atashgah of Adrian Qavam and They borrowed their beauty and artistic taste from the religious ideas and mixtures of Islam and Zoroastrianism. Finally, with a comparative comparison of the Blue Mosque and Adrian's cremation ground, it can be said that the concepts and mixtures of the Islamic religion have been manifested in all aspects of the ritual landscape, both in symbols and myths, and in the body, but in terms of activity and performance and the ceremonies held in the Blue Mosque in comparison with The fire pit is less visible and the Zoroastrian ritual landscape is depicted in this collection mostly because of the ceremonies and symbols that exist in the collection.

Marginalization is one of the important issues in the field of urban planning and architecture; The lack of educational and educational spaces such as child-centered spaces, security issues, livelihood and educational pressures can have many consequences on residents, especially children. In this regard, the exclusion of children from child-centered spaces causes children to drain their energy in inappropriate environments, which can lead to financial, physical and mental losses. This research identifies and examines the factors affecting the poor conditions of marginalized children and the destructive effects it has on children now and in the future. The research is of a descriptive-analytical type and the data has been acquired through document and library collection, then by using the experiences of other professors and researchers, by mentioning examples and articles worked in various specialized fields, a field investigation of Including visits, interviews with residents and questionnaires, and finally the analysis and conclusions of the authors have been made. Marginalization is often associated with the confrontation of different cultures, this causes harm such as increased crime and drug sales and child labor, threats to the mental health of residents, especially children, unbalanced distribution of welfare, health, educational facilities and lack of The quality of urban open spaces such as parks and children's playgrounds is determined by examining these factors in the localities (Naisar, Islamabad, Farajeh), their quantity and quality have been determined and a solution has been provided to solve these factors.