نشریه پژوهش های حقوقی انتظامی
پیاپی 13 (تابستان 1402)

Background and Goal: 

Protecting Rights of Women Victims is one Sight of Women equality and observing social dignity. Role of Police force in protecting Rights of Women Victims is Unmatched, Due to spatial and temporal vastness of social Presence of Police Officers.

In terms of objective, this Paper is an applied Research and in terms of Methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study.

This paper considers victimization of women and Role of Police in protecting them. Rapid Response of Police to victimization of women can decrease probability of strengthening victimization and capturing and introducing offender to judicial entities for punishment or participation in educational-remedial terms or introduction of victim to Safe Houses can decrease probability of repeat victimization. Police Officers in criminal System of Iran have Obligation of capturing of Offender and gathering of criminal evidence. Police Officers required to implementation of own legal Powers in entrance to crime scene, capturing Offender and gathering evidence in beheld Crimes.

Lack of women Police with protectoral approach in police units and lack of Safe Houses for staying women victims in present legal order is among problems faced to women victims.

In the Criminological study of murder, motivation plays an important role in its realization, the motive that is sometimes called into question, intended and intended to be, is the ultimate goal of committing crime, and the perpetrator is guilty of committing crime. In fact, it can be said that the motive is the motive for committing crimes such as murderous acts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivation in crime and the detection of murder cases, which police can identify with a high degree of massacre.

This research is a descriptive-analytical method for the purpose of applied research.

Analytical and documentary studies show that although motivation in legal studies does not have a special place and can only affect the punishment as a incapacitated direction, it is one of the key topics that criminal investigators have made in terms of crime discovering has been analyzed and reviewed.

Various motives, such as mental illness, betrayal and hatred of life, moral and sexual deviations, theft, revenge, etc., play a role in Murder. This incentive for male victims is more affected by the motive of conflict and Contingency (street crimes) and, more often, female victims are more affected by sexual motives, betrayals and moral deviations (apartment crimes). Paying attention and attention to the killer's motive by the police can play an important role in discovering it.

The Power to observe the accused is one of the most fundamental Powers of police in various legal systems that have predicted their principles and laws. This Power also guarantees the right to arrest and to have a fair trial.

This paper is descriptive-analytic, and the required information is collected by library method.

The protection of individuals and individuals in the laws of various countries has been taken into consideration. The clarity of the boundary between the restrictions and the mutual immunities between the people and the police is one of the constituent parts of the legal structure of each country. The right to freedom of the citizen, along with the Power to observe the accused, are two inescapable rights to the public order of the states, therefore, the legislator in Iran, in article 32 of the constitution, as well as the different materials of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Law, have addressed this issue. On the other hand, this component has been foreseen in various legal systems in the United Kingdom's legal systems in the police law and criminal law, as well as in the Criminal Procedure Code of France. The right to freedom of the people requires no person to be arrested and imprisoned except in law. Several national, regional and international instruments have been safeguarded to preserve these basic human rights.

The implementation of the measures taken and the orders issued by the legislator in the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code as well as the French Criminal Procedure Code have made a lot of commonalities, the English legislator has also made innovations that could be used as an opportunity to advance Iran's law.

Mediation is one of the remedies of justice that is used in various ways and widely in different countries.

This paper is descriptive-analytic, and the required information is collected by library method.

Different people play a role in mediation, one of which is the police, who as the first crime agent can play a role in mediation between the victim and the peaceful settlement of the dispute. In each of systems of Iran, England and France, different definitions of the police are different, and the duties and powers of the police vary from one to the other. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the police as mediator in the trials of Iran, England and France, as well as the scope and scope of these authorities to conduct their mediation in criminal proceedings (crime detection, prosecution, investigation, sentencing and execution). The research findings indicate that in any legal system, mediation between the parties can be resolved under the circumstances of the police.

In Iran, the police have mediation at all stages of the criminal procedure (in addition to the crime detection stage) and, if referrals to the judicial authority. Also, in some cases, police carry out mediation through community counseling and counseling units established at police stations and police stations over the past years. In the United Kingdom, according to the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act, the police only mediate in the stages of discovery, prosecution and investigation of crimes and, in other crimes, may refer the case to mediation agencies. In France, according to Article 41 (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, police mediation is only possible at the prosecution stage, and if the prosecutor considers expeditious referral to mediation, he can personally or through a judicial police officer mediate.

The purpose of this comparative study is the prosecutor's Duty in support of law enforcement agencies in Iran, France and the United States of America.

In terms of objective, this Paper is an applied Research and in terms of Methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study.

According to the Rules for the Administration of Justice, approved in 2014, the issuance of a special card for judiciary is subject to obtaining a certificate of training and confirmation of the story. In French and American law, it is referred to jointly. The prosecutor plays a very important role in this training and must be carefully trained in the training of educators, and if trained, they must play a supportive role, of course, this kind of support is explicitly in any of Iran, France and the United States The United States has not been identified, but it can be seen from civil liability and the legal relationship.

The current law mandates the obligations of all those who are referred to in Article 29 as judges. However, in Article 30, in addition to mentioning the persons who are usually considered to be litigious, it is considered essential for the acquisition of the skills of the judiciary and the passing of the necessary training courses, and it is necessary to have a special card holder for the duties of the contractors. The French legislator, with regard to the scope of their powers and their reinstatement from the prosecutor's office, has charged the prosecutor with the task of asking the prosecutor to provide legal support. In Article 58 of the French Criminal Procedure Law, this is the case. In the United States, the prosecutor must, if necessary, be present at the crime scene and be responsible for pursuing the situation. On the basis of the above, the judiciary has been interrogated by the prosecutor's office, and the rights of Iran, France and the United States have confirmed the support of the prosecutor's office to those under the jurisdiction of the judiciary, but these protections apply within the framework of the law.

The legislator has nationalized the seaside land for many years and has approved its proprietary use only in a limited number of cases. However, this fact is not very verifiable in the coastal areas of the north of the country. However, in order to provide public services and the general public interest, the government needs to establish facilities on seaside land. Attempts to provide solutions to stabilize the ownership of state-owned entities on these lands must be accompanied by an understanding of the nature of public property rights in the current legal order. A comparative study of this issue as well as practical considerations necessitates the defense of government occupation of national lands given the importance of these properties from a public and service perspective. Therefore, the defense of state ownership is limited to the seizure of the public interest. Although this distinction is not very prominent in our legal system, the absence of a different legal regime is very detrimental to this category of property. This study has attempted to emphasize this distinction, keeping the property occupied by military institutions that are somehow involved in the critical task of securing and guarding the borders.