نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 97 (پاییز 1403)

Lieutenant General Martyr Haj Qassem Soleimani is without a doubt one of the most influential Iranian commanders throughout history, especially during the period of holy defense and the axis of resistance, prominent on the world stage. Therefore, knowing his military thought is of special importance.Since one of the dimensions and aspects of military thought are theoretical and religious foundations, it is necessary to examine, research and identify the categories of their religious foundations.For this purpose, the fundamentals of belief effective on the military thought of Martyr Soleimani is the main issue of this research, and its main question is: What are the fundamentals of belief effective on the formation of the military thought of Major General Haj Qasim Soleimani?In response to this question, the current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a statistical population, including public and private speeches, official interviews, books and manuscripts (wills, notes, etc.) and sampling from the statistical population to the extent of data saturation. And the data analysis was done using the foundation data method and Max QDA software.The findings of the research show that deep belief in the principles of religion, knowledge, belief and trust in God, the prophethood and prophethood of the Holy Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family), the Resurrection and the Hereafter, the Imamate of Shia imams (peace be upon him), Justice and branches of religion, such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, Jihad, commanding good and forbidding evil, and especially Tuli and Tabari, etc., were prominent characteristics of Martyr Soleimani's beliefs, which were also observed in practice.

The world as well as Iran are limited in available and exploitable water resources. In addition, various other factors in the fields of management, natural events and enemy-oriented threats affect water supply. In such a situation, if preparing a strategic plan in order to improve the I.R.I. water supply sustainability, It should be taken the principles and values as important and necessary part of the key elements of the strategic plan, which have been addressed in this research. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical. The necessary data in this research has been collected using documentary and library studies, interviews and intellectual interaction with experts in the field of water supply sustainability. In order to calculate the principles and values, in addition to domestic and foreign specialized texts and documents,it done through the study of the verses of the Holy Quran, traditions passed down from the Aemmeh (salamollah alayhem), the statements of the Islamic Revolution Imams and other upstream documents related to the water supply sustainability, and after analyzing the content, Coding of concepts, categorizing similar codes and extracting the principle or value from each category, the obtained results have been provided to the statistical community. The statistical population includes 20 people with a master's degree or higher, who are familiar with the fields of water supply sustainability and passive defense, and have strategic experience related to the research topic. After receiving the opinion of the statistical community, analyzing the qualitative content and applying the opinions, the final results in the form of 9 principles and 6 values, have been presented as the output of the research.

As a leading organization among other organizations, the military organization must have capable and excellent employees in addition to having modern equipment and technologies for the optimal implementation of missions. Competence of human capital means having the knowledge to do the work, having skills in applying the said knowledge and having the necessary behaviors to do the work as best as possible. Considering that one of the important dimensions of combat readiness in the armed forces is human capital, it is based on the model of growth and excellence of human capital in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, so the purpose of this research is to design a model of growth and excellence of human capital with a purpose of Upgrading potential and actual competences, capabilities and abilities in order to have desirable human capitals in the vision document (ten-year horizon) based on the values ​​of the Islamic revolution, a revolution whose values ​​are based on the demands of Islamic worldview and values. Based on this model, the most suitable people, as human resource managers, are identified and selected in line with the excellence of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, so that this model can be used in Ajah in the next ten years. The method of this research is based on the developmental and practical purpose. First, by library study and deep search of theoretical literature, the components of human capital have been extracted and then validated using a questionnaire. In this research, to check the validity of the questionnaire using the factor analysis technique; To check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used, and K-S test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) was used to check the distribution of the questionnaire data in terms of normality or non-normality. Also, PLS structural equation software has been used to examine the relationship between the dimensions and components and indicators of the model and the relationship between the structures of each dimension with the components and indicators. The statistical population of this research are the experts and Opinionated people in the field of human resources management and the missions of the Iranian Armed Forces, who are serving at strategic levels, and 51 of them have been purposefully selected to answer the questions of this research. The data collection method is library and field. The conducted investigations show that in a general conclusion, the model of growth and excellence of Aja's human capital has three dimensions: skills, individual and social attitude and insight, family and social personality traits. According to the output of the table, since the level of significance was lower than the standard error value of 0.05, therefore, the assumption of the effect of the variable of technical skills, variable of perceptual skills, personality traits, attitude and insight on the pattern of growth and excellence of Aja's human capital has been confirmed. Human resource managers and policymakers in the organizations of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran can achieve the growth and excellence of human capital by relying on the components identified in the current research and subsequently achieve the goals of the organization and the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this research, it has been investigated how the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran can act as a main source for determining the principles governing the foreign policy and relations of this country with its neighbors. According to the data analysis, the strategic model in the administration of relations with the neighbors based on the constitution has been investigated to advance Iran's good neighborly policy. The research through the data of the foundation and the interpretation of the principles of the constitution related to the three categories of guidelines, goals and policies counted from thirty-seven propositions and finally reached 09 guidelines, 16 goals and 5 policies. The important principles that have been emphasized in Iran's foreign policy and relations include the rule of God's law, the regulation of foreign policy based on Islamic standards, support for Islamic movements, all Muslims are one nation, negation of any domination and domination, foreign domination is prohibited. Independence and freedom and the rule of justice and justice are the right of all people of the world, issuing a revolution, defending the rights of all Muslims in the world, political asylum and decision-making in foreign relations with the Supreme National Security Council and confirming the leadership and executive body of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. According to these principles and data analysis, suggestions have been presented to improve Iran's foreign relations, which can help to realize the country's good neighborly relations policy and provide a suitable strategic model for managing relations with neighbors.

After the Cold War, the Caspian Sea, as a link between Asia and Europe as well as North and South Asia, has turned from a geopolitical position into a sensitive geopolitical and geoeconomic location. The appropriate neighborhood policy and following it the creation of nearby integration primarily based on indigenous and regional models has always been essential for the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has grown to be far more important with the passage of time. The main purpose of this research is to explain the political components and indicators affecting the maritime security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Caspian Sea. Considering its purpose, this research is an applied one using a descriptive-analytical method in terms of methodology. In order to collect the required data, documentary strategies and in-depth elite interviews had been used with a statistical populace of 90 humans divided into two parts (15 people from the expert community + 75 people from the community of professionals associated with the concern). After the qualitative analysis of the statistics acquired from investigating documents, backgrounds and the textual content of interviews with experts, the number of 3 influential political components in maritime security, along with the political divergence of the neighbors of the Caspian Sea, the destructive political opposition of the neighbors of the Caspian Sea and the competitions of powers (power complements within the subject of Caspian Sea issues) and 13 indicators had been counted, which had been accepted by means of the statistical community after quantitative and qualitative analysis. According to the evaluation of some diverse ways to protect national interests in the international arena of the Caspian Sea, which includes increasing national power, maintaining the deterrence power of the country, purposeful participation in international agreements, adopting the essential tactics in overseas policy with the intention to de-boost tensions and create regional convergence with smart diplomacy are necessary to be achieved by the government.

The military operations that have taken place in the past few decades around the world and around our country have been carried out in a joint and composite manner, and in such operations, the command and control system has had a very special and influential position. Therefore, in order to neutralize the actions of the enemy, efficient defense and effective countermeasures require military learning in the army with a command and control approach in joint operations. The main problem of the current research, which is derived from a group study with the same title in Dafos Aja: "Lack of a suitable model of the command and control system in AJA joint operations" and the general goal of the researchers was to present a model of the command and control system in AJA joint operations. . The results of the research indicate that the model of the command and control system in AJA joint operations has three dimensions (command and management, collection and technology, information and communication), nine components and forty four indicators. The studied community includes the command and control system in AJA and all the documents related to command and control in AJA joint operations. The type of applied research that is mixed with descriptive-analytical method and approach. The statistical population includes experts working in the N.M. General Headquarters, H.H. (S) central headquarters, Aja headquarters, three forces and Aja defense headquarters

Military and defense projects have a high cost due to the use of advanced and up-to-date technologies; Therefore, the financing of defense and military projects is of special importance. Based on this, the aim of this research was to investigate the methods of financing the defense and military industries of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research is mixed in terms of its practical purpose and method (qualitative-quantitative) that the financing methods of the defense and military industries were calculated by means of interviews with 8 experts in the field of economics in Aja and the findings of this qualitative part are in the form of the path coefficient of the structural equations in After verifying the validity and reliability of the internal and external model, Smart pls software was tested in a small community. Also, based on the questionnaire collected with Pearson test in SPSS software, the financing methods of defense and military industries were ranked. The results indicate that: 1- Government budget credits 2- Profits from defense industry contracts with the private sector or exports 3- Capital market tools 4- Murabahah bonds 5- National Development Fund resources in the form of defense readiness strengthening and capabilities 6- Joint venture JV 7- Istisnaa 8- Sale of excess oil approved by the annual budget 9- Sale and lease bonds 10- Depreciable interest bonds 11- Long-term borrowing 12- Subordinated bonds 13- Public and private partnership agreement 14- Short-term borrowing 15- Lease leading to owner ownership 16- Sale of real estate and surplus property of the defense industry or armed forces organizations 17- General leases 18- Timeshare leases 19- Franchise contracts to investor countries 20- Multinational companies.

The use of different methods of battle, the tremendous technological advances by the enemies and the speed and effect of military actions have significantly increased the success rate of the enemy in military operations. America and its allies have been there, and in most of these countries, especially America, lightning operations are considered one of their tactics and have been considered in most offensive actions. Therefore, it can be said that there is concern about the continuation of operations against the military actions of the enemy. To solve this problem, a problem was raised for this research. What are the factors affecting the operational continuity of the ground battle in the future war? To answer the mentioned problem, the main goal of this research was "to find the effective factors on the operational continuity of the ground battle in the future war". The type of "applied" research has been done using quantitative and qualitative data sets with a mixed approach, so the approach of this research is a mixed approach and the case-contextual method has been used. The statistical community of this research consists of two parts, the first part is the expert community and the second part is the general research community. The statistical population of the first part is 12 people and the second part is 107 people. The researcher's findings from library and field studies and interviews with experts include the preparation of 5 questionnaires, the results of this research are: statistics... factors affecting operational continuity of ground combat in the future war. In the following, 5 practical and research proposals are presented based on it

One of the important factors of tension and conflict between political units is geography and geopolitics. Due to its geographical and geopolitical location in the South West Asia region, Iran has always been the focus and greed of superpower countries, and the occurrence of the eight-year war also indicates this situation. Considering this position and position, political and international conflicts and the occurrence of military war will undoubtedly be imagined again. This research is aimed at identifying, explaining and prioritizing the most important geopolitical challenges of Iran during the holy defense era, in order to find the answer to the question; What are Iran's geopolitical challenges in the era of holy defense? have been. The type of research based on its nature is descriptive-analytical and it was done quantitatively and qualitatively (mixed). The ranking of the options was done with the multi-indicator decision-making method, and the hierarchical analysis method was used to weight the indicators. By examining the available records and documents, numerous geopolitical challenges of the country have been identified at three national, regional and international levels, and by interviewing experts, the effective challenges have been determined, and then a researcher-made questionnaire The purpose of prioritization and explanation of the most effective challenge factors was designed using the hierarchical analysis method of AHP and completed by asking the opinions of experts and technical experts. According to the findings, it was determined that Iran's geopolitical challenges in the war imposed on three national levels such as: (territorial and territorial factors, geoeconomics, geo culture, political, geostrategy and military), regional and international levels. International factors such as: (territorial, geo-economic, geo-cultural, political, geo-strategic and military factors) can be divided and investigated.