نشریه مدیریت پویا و تحلیل کسب و کار
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 8، پاییز 1403)

The necessity of optimal policymaking in the petrochemical industry has consistently been highlighted as one of the strategic priorities in the country's overarching documents, such that the role of these policies in securing the national interests of current and future generations cannot be overlooked. For this reason, considering future-based scenarios regarding the petrochemical industry, especially the establishment of inland hubs within the developmental horizon of the country, is crucial and this is conducted with the aim of planning with a futurology approach for the development of inland petrochemical hubs. 

In this study, qualitative content analysis, scenario formulation, prioritization of propositions, robust planning under conditions of uncertainty, and strategic evaluation methods have been employed across three phases. In this context, interviews were conducted with 20 experts. 

Based on the research findings, optimistic scenarios are predicated on the reduction of sanctions, economic stability and exchange rate, foreign financing, participation of domestic investors, and access to technology, provided that the government is directly involved. Achieving these conditions requires a shift in foreign policy aimed at sanction relief, which, in turn, is expected to facilitate the realization of other conditions. In moderate scenarios, the importance of sanction reduction remains vital, and without it, the development of petrochemical hubs seems unattainable. 

Accordingly, the manner of government intervention in these projects and its collaboration with other institutions and various sectors will play a significant role in the status of these projects.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of sports stars on the behavioral characteristics of fans. 

This research utilized a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative) conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through in-depth interviews with experts and active sports fans on social media platforms. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-designed questionnaire was distributed among 186 fans and sports managers using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. 

The findings revealed that sports stars have a significant impact on all aspects of fan behavior. The influence of sports stars on citizenship behavior (path coefficient 0.992), emotional behavior (path coefficient 0.909), consumptive behavior (path coefficient 0.446), and normative behavior (path coefficient 0.503) was positive and significant, while their effect on deviant behavior was negative and significant (path coefficient -0.592). 

The results of this study suggest that sports stars significantly influence fans' behaviors, acting as social role models to enhance positive and responsible behaviors while reducing deviant actions. These findings recommend that sports organizations and managers leverage the influence of sports stars to improve fan engagement and foster loyalty.

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the financing of renewable energy projects to achieve sustainable development goals using a fuzzy cognitive map approach.

This applied research was conducted in both qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section, content analysis with a conventional and directed approach was employed, and in the quantitative section, a causal method was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase and pairwise comparison questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The participants were senior managers and experts from the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization (SATBA), selected using purposive and theoretical sampling (a total of 21 participants).

The qualitative findings revealed key influencing factors, including "social responsibility," "direct and indirect government support," "sustainable economic development," "environmental sustainability," "support from financial funds," "commercial creditworthiness of financial suppliers," "foresight and capital planning," "financial capacities," "investment return policies," "empowerment of financial institutions," "renewable energy development policies," "investment culture in renewable energy," and "optimal management of investment risks." The fuzzy cognitive map results showed that "direct and indirect government support for the energy industry" had the highest output and influence, while "commercial creditworthiness of financial suppliers" had the highest input power and susceptibility to influence.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the financing of renewable energy projects. It highlights the critical roles of government support policies and the commercial creditworthiness of financial suppliers in the success of these projects, suggesting that improvements in these areas can contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.

This research aims to design a model for attracting mixed investments to promote business prosperity and economic growth in free trade zones, with a case study of the Arvand Free Trade Zone.  

The research method was qualitative. Accordingly, data were collected through interviews with 14 university professors, experts, and managers from the Arvand Free Trade Zone. The sample size was determined using the snowball method, and the criterion for concluding the interviews was the rule of theoretical saturation. The data in the qualitative section were analyzed using the grounded theory method. In the first stage, 296 open codes were extracted, which, after methodological adjustments, were reduced to 182 open codes or concepts.  

These codes and concepts, in the next level of abstraction, were categorized into 46 sub-categories, which were ultimately condensed into 19 main categories.  

Finally, these concepts were identified in six sections: factors influencing mixed investment attraction (causal conditions), the structure of mixed investment attraction (central phenomenon), contextual factors affecting mixed investment attraction (contextual conditions), intervening factors influencing mixed investment attraction (intervening conditions), strategies for mixed investment attraction (strategies), and outcomes of mixed investment attraction (consequences). These concepts formed the research model.

The objective of this study was to analyze and diagnose intellectual capital challenges within the healthcare and medical education system of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

This research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, including both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative section involved interviews with 17 experts in the healthcare and medical education system, selected through purposive sampling. For the quantitative part, 278 presidents, deputies, and experts from the healthcare and medical education sectors were surveyed using stratified random sampling. Data collection involved field methods (interviews, questionnaires) and library research. MAXQDA software was used for qualitative data analysis, while SPSS22 and PLS3 were used for quantitative testing of components' validity and reliability. 

The study identified three main themes related to intellectual capital issues: structural weaknesses, human resource challenges, and communication problems. These factors were found to have a significant impact on the current and desired state of the healthcare and medical education systems during the pandemic. The analysis showed that the influence of these issues on intellectual capital retention exceeded the threshold of 1.96, indicating their critical role in affecting organizational efficiency and effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis. 

The findings highlight that intellectual capital, particularly in terms of human resources, structural processes, and communication, plays a crucial role in the successful management of healthcare and educational systems during a crisis. Addressing these challenges through improved infrastructure, human resource development, and enhanced communication strategies can significantly improve organizational performance during future crises.

The objective of this study was to design a model of strategic alliances and examine their impact on the performance of startups with a social mission in the light automotive industry.  

This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a sample of 15 senior managers from Iran’s automotive industry. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire, and cluster sampling was applied to select the participants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The impact coefficients and significance coefficients of the hypotheses' paths were examined to assess the relationships among the variables. 

The results showed that strategic alliances have a direct and positive effect on company performance (impact coefficient: 0.673). Moreover, the stage of company development moderates the relationship between strategic alliances and performance (impact coefficient: 0.404). Companies engaged in social innovation demonstrated better performance (impact coefficient: 0.487). Additionally, larger companies were found to perform better than smaller ones (impact coefficient: 0.488). 

The study concluded that strategic alliances significantly improve the performance of startups with a social mission. Companies at more advanced stages of development and larger companies benefit more from these alliances. Social innovation was also identified as a critical factor in enhancing company performance. Thus, strategic alliances are recommended as a key tool for achieving both economic and social objectives in the light automotive industry.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of supply chain quality management on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs, with the mediating role of organizational structure. 

The research was descriptive-survey in nature, and the statistical population consisted of head coaches, coaches, and operational staff of the Iranian Premier League volleyball clubs. A total of 120 participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research tools included the Supply Chain Management Questionnaire by Mahmoudzadeh (2012), the Organizational Structure Questionnaire by Robbins (1989), and the Organizational Performance Questionnaire by Shafiei et al. (2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS software. 

The results of the path analysis showed that supply chain quality management has a significant impact on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The mediating role of organizational structure in this relationship was also confirmed. Additionally, the use of information technology as a reinforcing factor increased the positive effect of supply chain management on club performance. Fan satisfaction was significantly improved through better supply chain management and organizational structure. 

The findings indicate that supply chain quality management and organizational structure are two key factors in improving the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The use of information technology further enhances the positive effects of supply chain management. Sports managers should utilize these factors to increase efficiency and fan satisfaction.

This study aimed to evaluate the dimensions and components of the managerial competency model in the banking system. 

This research is descriptive and survey-based. The statistical population consists of managers from various departments of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Data were collected through a field method using a questionnaire and convenience sampling. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) and SmartPLS3 software. 

The study revealed that the banking managerial competency model must be designed as a multidimensional framework covering all managerial aspects, including technical, managerial, interpersonal, and technological competencies. Given the emerging challenges in the banking industry, such as digital transformations and complex regulations, managers need a broad range of competencies. 

The results indicate that developing a comprehensive and multidimensional competency model for banking managers can enhance performance, increase productivity, and strengthen the competitiveness of banks.

This study aimed to design and explain a holistic marketing model in the telecommunications services sector. 

The research is applied in nature and employs a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, 11 experts in marketing and senior managers of telecommunications companies were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire with 29 items was distributed among 108 marketing and sales managers and staff of telecommunications companies in Tehran and Hamedan. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS software. 

The results revealed that the holistic marketing model in the telecommunications services sector consists of six main themes and twenty-nine sub-themes. This model helps telecommunications companies to enhance customer loyalty, improve market share, and elevate overall company performance by utilizing both traditional and modern marketing strategies. 

The study concludes that implementing a holistic marketing model can positively impact the performance of telecommunications companies. To successfully implement this model, companies should leverage modern marketing approaches such as experiential marketing, social media marketing, and collaborative marketing.

The aim of this study is to present a structural model of the drivers influencing investor behavior, considering their perception of stock returns. 

This research is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The methodology is mixed and carried out in both quantitative and qualitative phases. The statistical population for the qualitative phase consists of academic experts and managers of listed companies. Using snowball sampling and theoretical saturation, 11 participants were selected. The data collection tool for the qualitative phase was semi-structured interviews based on theoretical foundations. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. For the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire, derived from the qualitative model and validated for reliability and validity, was distributed among a stratified sample of 213 respondents. The paths and causal relationships between the external and internal constructs in the structural model were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. 

The findings indicated that the drivers influencing investor behavior based on their perception of stock returns include "demographic factors, fundamental principles of the stock market, individual and psychological characteristics, risk tolerance capacity, and personal values and beliefs." In the quantitative section, the path coefficients were greater than 0.3, and the corresponding t-values exceeded 1.96, confirming all the paths. 

In investors' decision-making based on their perception of stock returns, behavioral factors and contextual variables such as demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, education, and individual perspectives) play a significant role. Additionally, proper and data-driven fundamental analysis in the stock market leads to more optimal investment decisions. Ultimately, risk acceptance and increasing the risk threshold significantly help individuals make profitable decisions based on technical analyses.

The aim of this research is to analyze the Importance-Performance Matrix (IPMA) of FinTech indicators in the institutional banking environment. 

This research is applied in nature, with a descriptive-analytical method, and it was conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The nature of the research is exploratory mixed-method, combining qualitative (Delphi method) and quantitative (Importance-Performance analysis) approaches. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes banking experts with PhDs in financial management and information and communication technology, and in the quantitative section, it includes an unlimited number of banking customers. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants for the qualitative section, and for the quantitative section, 384 individuals were determined based on Cochran's formula. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify the desired components in the Delphi technique. In the quantitative section, to determine the relationships between variables and the related importance coefficients, the partial least squares method (PLS) was used, and the ranking of components was conducted using the Importance-Performance Matrix analysis. Based on the Delphi results, a researcher-developed questionnaire was used in the quantitative section. In the qualitative section, EXCEL software was used, and in the quantitative section, SMARTPLS software was employed. 

Based on the Delphi technique, 17 components and 5 dimensions were identified in the FinTech evaluation model within the institutional banking environment. The identified themes include performance management, FinTech efficiency in the banking industry, customer identification, FinTech implementation infrastructure, and bank objectives and planning based on FinTech. 

According to the Importance-Performance Matrix, performance management ranks at the highest level, followed by FinTech efficiency in the banking industry and bank objectives and planning based on FinTech

The objective of this study was to design a green human resource management (HRM) model with an emphasis on quality management systems in Ardabil hospitals.

This research was conducted as a developmental and descriptive study in two stages: Delphi and survey. In the first stage, the statistical population consisted of hospital managers and staff from Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, selected through purposive sampling with a sample size of 30. In the second stage, the population included hospital clients with a minimum of a high school diploma, and random sampling was applied to 384 participants. Data collection tools were researcher-made questionnaires, consisting of open and closed questions in the first stage and only closed questions in the second stage. Data were analyzed using a two-round Delphi method in the first stage and confirmatory factor analysis with Smart PLS software in the second stage. Convergent and divergent validity methods were employed to ensure validity, and Cronbach's alpha, homogeneity reliability, and composite reliability were used to assess reliability.

The findings showed that the green HRM indicators with an emphasis on quality management systems in Ardabil hospitals include the dimensions of standards, green service compensation, accountability, green attitude, green recruitment, green leadership, and requirements. These dimensions had a significant impact on green HRM. In the second stage, 32 final indicators were evaluated, and the conceptual model of the study showed a good fit.

The results of this study suggest that green HRM, with an emphasis on quality management systems in Ardabil hospitals, can contribute to improving performance and sustainability in healthcare by identifying and implementing the identified indicators.

The objective of this study is to design a gamification model for digital marketing using the grounded theory method.

This qualitative study utilized the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in the field of digital marketing and gamification. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and the interview data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding stages.

The findings revealed that causal factors such as understanding customer behavior and fostering user interaction play a critical role in the success of gamification. Additionally, contextual factors like organizational culture and specialization, as well as intervening conditions such as environmental limitations and digital platform capabilities, affect the implementation of gamification. Key strategies identified included game design quality and customer experience management, which led to outcomes like marketing success and increased profitability.

The results suggest that gamification can be an effective tool for increasing user engagement, improving customer experience, and fostering brand loyalty in digital marketing. Proper design of gamification elements and effective management of customer experience are essential for success. Organizations should focus on understanding customer behavior, enhancing organizational culture, and promoting specialization to fully benefit from gamification.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions and components of performance-based management in the Ministry of Interior.

The study was conducted qualitatively using the grounded theory approach. Data collection and extraction of relevant themes were carried out through semi-structured interviews with key informants in this field. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria, based on which 10 experts with knowledge and experience in performance management at the Ministry of Interior were interviewed. Each interview lasted between 40 and 90 minutes. The data collection tool was a semi-focused interview, and the data were analyzed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding through the software MAXQDA. To ensure data validity and reliability, two methods were used: participant review and expert review from non-participating specialists. Additionally, one of the professors familiar with grounded theory techniques was asked to participate as a secondary coder in the research. Subsequently, the researcher, along with the supervisor, coded three interviews, and the percentage of intersubjective agreement, which is used as an index of reliability in analysis, was calculated. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

The results showed that the concept of performance-based management includes 13 categories and is influenced by causal conditions (human resource performance management, internal identity, empowerment, job-based identity), intervening factors (management factors, financial requirements), contextual factors (leadership styles, organizational ethics), core factors (organizational identity), strategic factors (perceived organizational support, organizational socialization), and outcome factors (individual outcomes, organizational outcomes).

Identifying the dimensions and components of performance-based management will primarily lead to employee satisfaction by ensuring fairness in the distribution of benefits and job promotion. Additionally, it will enhance organizational performance by utilizing efficient personnel and increase organizational productivity.

The primary objective of this study is to design a structural model for adventure tourism marketing, focusing on antecedents and consequences aimed at attracting mountaineers to the mountains of Gilan Province. 

This study is applied in terms of its goal and descriptive in terms of its nature and method. Additionally, from the perspective of data collection, it is a survey study. The statistical population consists of mountaineers who have chosen the mountains of Gilan Province for their climbs. The sample size was determined using an online method for covariance-based structural equation modeling. According to the results, 206 individuals were selected as the sample for this study. To ensure the minimum sample size, approximately 10% more questionnaires were distributed, resulting in 213 returned questionnaires, which were used as the basis for analysis. 

To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling using the partial least squares approach was employed. According to the results, the significant impact of all antecedents on adventure tourism and the significant impact of adventure tourism on all consequences were confirmed. 

Based on the results, among the antecedents, the variable of tourist safety and security had the greatest impact on adventure tourism, with a beta coefficient of 0.889. Furthermore, the development of adventure tourism had the greatest impact on economic sustainability, with a coefficient of 0.903. Therefore, the results suggest that for the development of adventure tourism, special attention should be given to the safety and security of tourists.

This study aims to provide behavioral indicators and investor sentiments regarding portfolio risk tolerance.

The research employs an interpretive paradigm and thematic analysis approach. In the qualitative phase, using purposive sampling, 16 interviews were conducted with investors until theoretical saturation was reached. The interview data were analyzed through open coding, producing a network of themes related to investors’ sentiments and behavioral reactions concerning portfolio risk tolerance. These themes were categorized into 46 basic themes, 15 organizing themes, and 4 global themes: perceptual biases, judgment biases, emotional (affective) biases, and cultural factors. In the quantitative phase, to validate the qualitative model, a questionnaire based on qualitative findings was designed and completed by 256 experts, managers in the stock exchange field, and university professors. Cronbach's alpha and average extracted variance (AVE) for all components were above 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, and the composite reliability also exceeded the 0.7 threshold, confirming reliability and convergent validity.

Quantitative findings confirmed the validity of each of the four global themes, including perceptual, judgment, emotional biases, and cultural factors. The ranking results of the global themes indicated that judgment bias, with an average score of 5.13, had the highest rank in terms of likelihood and impact, significantly affecting investor sentiments and behavioral reactions concerning portfolio risk tolerance. Likewise, the other indicators, including perceptual biases, cultural factors, and emotional biases, followed in the subsequent ranks.

This study demonstrated that judgment biases play a more prominent role than other biases in shaping investor sentiments and behavioral reactions toward portfolio risk tolerance. These findings can assist analysts and financial managers in designing optimized strategies for managing investor behavior.

The objective of this study is to present a Beyond Activity-Based Costing System (BABCS) model with a real-time reporting approach tailored for governmental organizations in the Kurdistan Region.

This research is applied in purpose and utilizes a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. Data were collected through interviews and a researcher-designed questionnaire. The study sample consisted of university faculty members, government officials, managers, experts, and specialists in the research field. The factors for BABCS implementation were categorized into thirteen main groups, which were further divided into domains relevant to costing and real-time reporting.

The analysis identified seven main categories of factors pertinent to costing, including organizational-behavioral, technical, economic, design and implementation, legal, external, and policy-related factors. Additionally, six categories relevant to real-time reporting were identified, such as business intelligence, performance-based costing with a real-time approach, IT infrastructure, technical and communication challenges, process orientation, cloud processing, and expandable reporting. Evaluation of the current conditions in Kurdistan Region governmental organizations indicated that only the "legal factors" are in a relatively favorable state, while other factors remain suboptimal. A significant positive relationship was found between activity-based costing factors and real-time reporting, with organizational and behavioral factors exhibiting the strongest association. The results showed that a performance-based costing approach with real-time reporting has the potential to improve the performance of governmental organizations in the Kurdistan Region by 65%.

The study underscores the necessity of addressing organizational and technological factors to optimize BABCS implementation and enhance efficiency in public sector reporting and management.

This study aims to examine the status of social marketing and its impact on customer purchasing behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of customer trust.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in nature, using quantitative data collection through a standardized questionnaire. The statistical population includes all customers of the Arian Kimia Tak cosmetics company. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling method, based on the rule of thumb. Data was collected using an 8-item social marketing questionnaire by Mignan et al. (2005), a 5-item customer purchasing behavior questionnaire by Wu and Wang (2011), and a 6-item customer trust questionnaire by Sheikhzadeh and Hajilou (2016).

The impact of social marketing on customer trust was 11.99, and the impact of customer trust on online purchase intention was 9.92, both values exceeding 0.05. Additionally, other conditions of the structural equation model were met, indicating that customer trust influences the effect of social marketing on customer purchasing behavior. The results of the Sobel test showed that the t-statistic for the indirect effect of social marketing on customer purchasing behavior through customer trust was 7.5, confirming the mediating role of customer trust in the impact of social marketing on customer purchasing behavior.

Social marketing (advertising) is effective in strengthening sustainable relationships with consumers. Given that social marketing prioritizes customer focus, cosmetics companies can gain insights into customer wants and needs by effectively leveraging social marketing and thus provide services aligned with customer demands.