فصلنامه هویت شهر
پیاپی 57 (بهار 1403)

In recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. In this process, the villages in pre-urban interface gradually adopt urban features and merge into it insofar are known as a part of the city. The merging villages to city in warm and dry climate regions has occurred frequently due to the proximity of villages to the city through shared traditional water networks in Iran (Qanat) and created different types of urban-rural areas in the cities. To answer this question that what steps are being taken in the process of merging villages to city, the general process of merging villages to city has formulated in this research. This process is based on the three stages including " start merging "(Creating transformation and transition areas between the city and villages), " degree of merging " (Complete, slow and incomplete transmutation) and " merging effects ". This process is elaborated in case studies include Yazd, Kerman and Kashan (selecting middle cities in warm and dry climates among a plurality of samples) and Ultimately, a special process of merging villages to city in warm and dry climate cities is produced. To convert the general process of merging into specific one in a warm and dry climate, the first step is typology of variety urban-rural areas and recognizing specific features of any one. Accordingly, in case studies analysis and evaluation, three urban- rural species including urban type (with dominant urban characteristics), urban-rural type (with both rural and urban characteristics) and rural type (with dominant rural characteristics) are achieved by using the cluster analysis and k- means method based on three factors. These factors are “physical oriented", " community oriented " and "natural oriented ". The results of the general process of merging analysis indicate that the degree of merging villages in the city (second step of the merging process) is determined Based on "rural location in the city", "type of development" and the mutual relationship between "population density", "area" and "construction density". It also shows that Environmental inequalities are formed in the first step, where Created a transition area that has directly proportional to the distance from the city and established push-pull forces based on the exchange, interaction and contrast forces between the city and villages, and in the second step, degree of merging villages in the city, fixed by battle of pull-push forces. Finally, by presenting a special process of merging villages in the cities of warm and dry climate, the level of environmental inequalities in types is presented. Study of the process of merging villages to the city is a new and effective action to achieving the root causes of inequalities and planning for them, which ultimately can provide a well-defined framework for investigation and analyzing past, existing and future rural-urban trends in the city in order to develop them more sustainable.

The pattern of housing construction in cities has changed and a significant number of city residents are required to live in residential complexes. The purpose of this research was to identify the components and variables affecting the privacy and social interaction of the residents and provide design solutions. This is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and hybrid in terms of the process. First, the dimensions and components of the concept of solitude and the factors affecting the design of mid-rise residential complexes were extracted, then the studied samples were examined on a selective scale - according to the observation checklist - and by completing the questionnaire, the dimensions of the concept of solitude were evaluated from the perspective of the residents. Personal, socio-cultural, territoriality and privacy are among the most important components affecting the design of physical, socio-cultural, environmental, privacy and personal space dimensions. Basic design solutions are prioritized and presented.

The phenomenon of consumption and the prevalence of consumerism is one of the important issues of our time. Baudrillard shows that today, human understanding of reality and the real thing is formed on the basis of concepts such as simulacra and hyper-reality. The consumption system shapes the hyper-reality of consumption in the consumer society by creating and using a system of simulacras. Megamalls are one of the main means of achieving this goal in the consumption system. The purpose of this research is to find the mechanism of the effect of megamalls and their characteristics on increasing the desire to consume among Tehrani citizens. This research is a quantitative-qualitative research. By analyzing and deducting the opinions of Baudrillard, the related components of the concepts of simulation and simulacra in the field of consumption were extracted and formulated, and based on the results, a questionnaire was designed. The statistical population of this research was selected randomly among the people of Tehran and by their answers to the mentioned questionnaire, the data of this research was collected. The data was analyzed, using the components of simulation and simulacra and features of megamall, for answering the questions of the research. The findings show that megamalls guide human perception in the three domains of spatial, functional and social in line with the goals of the consumption system. In the spatial domain, the simulacra of being multi-purpose due to the variety of spaces, the simulacra of self-sufficiency and creating a territory by creating the feeling of entering a new land, the simulacra of distinct aesthetics by persuading the visitor's sense of beauty, the simulacra of centrality and orderliness, by collecting facilities and inducing a sense of the centrality of space and the simulacra of superstructure by creating a sense of grandeur, affect the visitors of megamalls. In the functional domain, the simulacra of creating a desire to consume and waste, by placing the client in a world of diverse products and services, the simulacra of well-being and peace, by providing diverse services and inducing a sense of peace and well-being, the simulacra of accumulation and abundance, by presenting attractive collections of objects the simulacra of time management, by creating a space to spend leisure time and wandering, and the simulacra of controlling social relations, by creating spaces designed for social interactions, impress the clients of megamalls. In the social domain, the simulacra of creating a distinction between clients, by creating a specific identity through the use of brands, the simulacra of people's prestige, by inviting people to spaces with special clients, the simulacra of culturalization and cultural acceptance, through the continuous change of the value of goods based on fashion, the simulacra of monitoring and control in the form of security, by creating a sense of security and safety, the simulacra of a distinct position of megamalls, by using the special social position of megamalls, attract customers.Thus, megamalls have an effective position in attracting Tehrani customers through the use of spatial, functional and social components.

The sense of belonging to a place expresses a deep emotional connection between a person and a place, which means that a person defines himself with the place and considers his identity as a result of it. In today's societies, where the identity crisis is one of the problems facing urbanization, especially in new developments, residential neighborhoods can be responsible for a part of the meaning and identity burden of cities, whose residents have a sense of responsibility, commitment and belonging to their neighborhood and surrounding environment. have and consider themselves part of the place. Such a feeling, by expanding the spirit of participation and interaction with the place, leads to creating common concerns among residents and increasing the level of social sustainability in new urban developments.This research is based on the paradigm of positivism, in accordance with the considerations of quantitative methodology of descriptive and analytical type, and according to the focus on the purpose of clarifying the concept of sense of belonging to a place and explaining its related components and indicators, it was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, by reviewing the history and literature of the subject, analyzing the content of the researches, the dimensions, main components and indicators of the sense of belonging to the place were defined, and then the theoretical model of the sense of belonging to the place was formulated. In the second stage, 195 samples were randomly selected from the residents of Jahdshahr neighborhood by the survey method using the questionnaire tool. In the third step, using structural equation modeling in AMOS software, the impact of each component on the sense of belonging to a specific place and the causal relationships between the components of the sense of belonging to a place were determined by path analysis. In this research, in order to increase the validity of the data, by considering the effects of the control variable, the effect of economic factors has been controlled to measure the impact of indicators of sense of belonging to the place in Jahid Shahr neighborhood. The research findings demonstrate that the semantic-perceptual component (satisfaction, perception of place, identity, and personality) has the highest impact on the sense of belonging to the place in JahidShahr neighborhood. Following that, the individual-social components (interaction with the place, duration of residence), physical-territorial components (accessibility, location, visual richness, visual proportions), and activity-functional components (comfort, flexibility, access to facilities) hold significance as well .Causal relationships between the components of sense of belonging to a place and correlation coefficients in the form of path analysis model show that "physical-contextual" component as an independent variable has an effect on the "individual-social" and "activity-functional" components, and the two components "individual-social" and " "functional-functional" as mediating components affect the "perceptual-meaning" component. According to this model, in addition to the direct effect on the perceptual meaning component, the "functional-activity" variable is also effective on the "individual-social" and "functional-activity" components. Therefore, by increasing the indices of "activity-functional" and "individual-social" components, the "perception-meaning" component also increases.

The role of artificial lakes has long been transformed into one of the important recreational landscapes for tourism around the world. In this context, the qualitative improvement of landscape architecture and its effects on enhancing the visual quality of the surrounding environment, due to the attractive role of water and lakes, holds a special place among tourists. The aim of this article is to elucidate the role of artificial lakes in the qualitative improvement of landscape architecture and its impact on enhancing the visual quality of the surrounding environment, as well as the criteria and mental perceptions of citizens that contribute to the enhancement of the visual quality of the environment and the qualitative improvement of landscape architecture. The research method includes descriptive-analytical and survey methods. Accordingly, the present study aims to clarify the role of artificial lakes in the qualitative improvement of landscape architecture and its impact on enhancing the visual quality of the surrounding environment. The reasons for selecting this lake as a research sample can be explained by its attractive topography, strong green space foundation, and the significant presence of people at various times. The existence of various commercial, cultural, and administrative uses around the lake, along with joyful marine elements and recreational activities, and the abundance of food stores along the lake's edge, contribute to the high volume of activity in the area."Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and evaluation of the research model. Since variance-based structural equation modeling is used for complex models, it does not have a sample size limitation and is not sensitive to the normality of the distribution, we utilized it in the present study. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 384 individuals was selected. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The results indicate that one of the objectives of the research is to explain the role of Chitgar Lake in the qualitative improvement of landscape architecture. Descriptive findings showed that among the three components of qualitative improvement, which include social, environmental, and landscape architecture, The greatest role is attributed to the environmental component (with an average of 3.47),while the least role is related to the social component (with an average of 2.97). The landscape architecture component ranks second with an average of 3.21. In better words, considering the important role of the lake in the environment, the respondents believed that the living ecosystem around the lake gives a better understanding of the natural environment, and agreed with the presence and migration of birds from other climates to this lake, and agreed with the lack of abnormal buildings around this lake. The lake was for the presence of more migratory birds Additionally, another objective of the research is to explain the role of Chitgar Lake in enhancing the visual quality of the surrounding environment. Descriptive findings indicated that among the four components of economic, physical, educational, and managerial and legal, the highest role of the lake is in the educational component.

Bringing living space design closer to space quality standards is one of the most important architectural issues. Considering the high volume of housing construction, the desirability of residential spaces is important and necessary. Testing the quality of the space based on its perceptual pseudo-experience during design and before construction is one of the mechanisms to achieve the desired architecture, which is possible for architects today with the help of virtual reality technology. With this aim, in the theoretical framework of the phenomenology of perception, in a quantitative way and with the test of the semantic differentiation scale, first eight components of the feeling of inner peace, including pleasure, interestingness, beauty, normality, calmness, wideness, openness and enjoyment of daylight, were counted. In this experimental perception test, 24 participants (12 women/12 men) rated 24 virtual rooms in eight experimental groups. The participants were randomly selected from people who intended to pre-purchase an apartment unit in Kish Island. The interior of the apartment under construction was renovated for them. For each visualized scene, space evaluation was done through a 45-second exploration interval. The resulting data were evaluated using the semantic difference scale technique. Also, the correlation of the variables was checked through the non-linear quadratic regression test. The findings from the analysis of the components of the perception of inner peace in the virtual reality experience, which in this study are the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the space, the attractiveness of the space, the beauty or ugliness of the space, normality or abnormality, calmness, the perceptual breadth of the space, openness to the outside and the enjoyment of daylight and It was sunlight, it indicates the meaningful relationships between them in a way that is in line with the real experience of the space and as if the people felt themselves present in the space. Also, the correlation diagram between the variables, especially in the case of the three characteristics of pleasantness, attractiveness and beauty, confirms this. In this study, the correlation between the living space characteristics of a residential unit and the experimental qualities attributed to them was studied quantitatively to measure the virtual experience of the perception of inner peace. The interaction of eight components with independent physical factors (floor materials, surface of openings, location, geometry and height of windows along with fixed height of space and fixed view outside) of a component-based description showed to be very effective for describing the variance observed in the ratings. The high level of correlation is particularly notable for the emotional and aesthetic rating categories, which cannot be trivially attributed to only one scene feature. Representation of designed scenes provides evidence for the importance of perceptual features in the experience of space in virtual reality. The current research has been carried out in the direction of generalizing and valuing spatial components in the design of a residential complex in the cultural/climatic context of Kish Island in Iran, so that a more successful design can be offered to users from this practical study.

Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding software.Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability

Historical textures are recognized as important and valuable urban textures that need to be recreated. Therefore, restoration of historical sites requires a re-creation approach. Some valuable and historical elements in cities, such as squares, mosques, etc., can play a key role in strengthening the identity of citizens and increase social interactions, so one of the factors influencing the increase of social interactions and strengthening the identity of citizens in cities, it is the recreation of these valuable textures with historical identity. This is despite the fact that the historical Bonab Square Mosque as a valuable historical context has many issues and problems, including social, environmental, economic issues, etc., and the important role of this historical context has been neglected. This shows the need to pay attention to the reconstruction of this historical context in order to improve the urban identity of this city.The challenge of valuable historical tissues as the primary focus of life of city dwellers has been raised in most countries due to their special place in the life of cities. These tissues have played an important and influential role in the identity of the city and its residents, but due to their traditional and old structure, they have not had the ability and opportunity to adapt to new conditions, and over time, they have worn out and lost their efficiency, which necessitates regeneration and Reorganization determines them. In this regard, the present research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the indicators of regeneration of urban spaces, Bonab Square Mosque from the point of view of experts. This research was carried out in a qualitative-quantitative manner in terms of practical purpose and in terms of methodology. In the qualitative part of the information, theoretical saturation was reached through interviews with 40 experts who were purposefully selected, and the method of analyzing the content of seven physical-spatial criteria, movement-access, user-activity, social-cultural, economic, environmental and city ​​View was identified. During targeted sampling, 40 experts and experts have been selected. Then, in the quantitative section, using MARCOS multi-criteria decision-making and the weight of the criteria has been calculated using the hierarchical analysis method. The prioritization of urban space regeneration indicators, Bonab Square Mosque showed that the physical-spatial index (0.722) had the most impact and the movement-access index (0.579) had the least impact in the regeneration of urban spaces, Bonab Square Mosque, which results indicate It is because the Marcus model is sensitive to possible changes in the importance of decision-making criteria and the stability of the method in choosing the most important indicators for the regeneration of urban spaces, Bonab Square Mosque, has been shown and finally it is suggested that for the regeneration of urban spaces, the Bonab Square Mosque should be 7 The criteria obtained in this research, especially physical-spatial indicators had a special look.