Advanced Therapies Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 21, Autumn 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic has engendered unparalleled problems globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significant promise for addressing critical elements of pandemic management and response. This analysis examines the significant potential of AI technology in tackling the worldwide difficulties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper first examines the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on public health, the economy, and society. Subsequently, we concentrate on pioneering uses of powerful AI technologies in critical domains such prediction, diagnosis, control, and medication development for the treatment of Covid-19.

Given the progress in comprehending various forms of cancer and the subsequent pursuit of a remedy, along with improved survival rates for cancer patients, it is crucial to discover a therapeutic that may effectively counteract the aggressive mechanisms of this illness. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown to be very advantageous in the treatment of cancer due to their ability to induce antitumor effects via several mechanisms. Viruses may be used to infect cancer cells, particularly in comparison to normal cells, to introduce tumor-associated antigens, trigger “danger signals” that create a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment, and function as delivery vehicles for the release of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. These modified OVs, which have been designed to have improved capacity to target tumors, increased oncolytic activity, or the potential to generate strong anti-tumor immune responses, are evaluated in animal models during preclinical testing and in clinical trials involving cancer patients. OVs have been recognized as one of the primary agents for cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to target tumors via many mechanisms. Nevertheless, given the restricted efficacy of innovative anti-cancer treatments including immunotherapies and cell-based therapies, it is imperative to evaluate the potential of combination therapy using OVs. This study aims to introduce oncolytic viruses and review their capacity to induce antitumor responses, their challenges and limitations.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the more common problems linked with diabetes. DFUs are persistent wounds which frequently result in non-traumatic lower limb amputations owing to ongoing infection and other ulcer-related complications. Furthermore, these difficulties place a major fiscal strain on the healthcare system since costly medical procedures are necessary. Furthermore, the therapeutic therapies that are now accessible have only been fairly successful, indicating a significant need to discover innovative ways for the better treatment of DFUs. Hydrogels are 3-D structures made from natural and/or synthetic polymers. Because of their unusual adaptability, tunability, and hydrophilic qualities, these materials have received substantial research for a variety of medicinal applications, including drug delivery and tissue manipulation. As a result, this review article examines the most recent improvements in hydrogel wound dressings for successful DFU therapy, offering an overview of current viewpoints and problems throughout this study area. 

Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown notable therapeutic efficacy in persons with certain subtypes of B cell leukemia or lymphoma. Moreover, there is compelling evidence of their efficacy in individuals diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, several barriers impede the efficacy and widespread acceptance of CAR T cell treatment in these individuals, as well as in persons with other forms of cancer, particularly solid tumors. Significant challenges related to CAR T cells consist of severe toxicities, restricted capacity to travel to, infiltrate, and activate inside tumors, insufficient long-term persistence in the body, antigen evasion and variety, and issues in the manufacturing process. In order to expand the application of CAR T cells to a wider range of cancer types, it is crucial to enhance the designs of CARs beyond conventional structures. Investigators are using several engineering strategies to address the current challenges and improve the safety, efficacy, and user-friendliness of this therapy method. This paper presents an introduction to the CART cell, including its system of action, problems and limits, and its engineering.

Cancer is a catastrophic illness with a significant worldwide fatality rate, anticipated to rise in the next years. Contemporary treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, include constraints such as adverse effects, inconsistent efficacy, elevated expenses, and restricted accessibility. Bacteriophages have arisen as multifaceted instruments in bioengineering, with significant promise in tissue engineering, vaccine formulation, and immunotherapy. Bacteriophages are being used extensively in several fields of biotechnology and medicine, with cancer treatment being the most compelling application. A multitude of research is progressively confirming the efficacy and efficacy of phage-based carriers as broad delivery mechanisms for medicinal genes and medications in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the genetic makeup of phages may be utilised in the development of novel DNA vaccines and antigen presentation systems, since they offer a highly organised and repetitive presentation of antigens to immune cells. Bacteriophages have generated new possibilities for the accurate targeting of particular molecular markers in cancerous cells. Phages may function as anticancer agents and as vehicles for imaging agents and pharmaceuticals. This article presents bacteriophage and analyses the efficacy of bacteriophages and bacteriophage engineering in specific cancer treatment.

A vaccine is a biological product that specifically leads to acquired immunity against a pathogenic pathogen and prevents the disease in the face of the main pathogen in a person. Therefore, vaccines are an important tool for maintaining health in the global community. Traditional vaccines have been used against a wide range of pathogenic pathogens, both viral and bacterial, and have been successful. However, these vaccines do not work and are ineffective against pathogens that change rapidly in terms of genetic material and surface epitopes. During the last decade, vaccines based on nucleic acids, viral vectors and biomaterials have shown promising results. This study has discussed an overview of traditional vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, and biomaterials.