International Journal of Applied Arts Studies
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Nov-Des 2024

Throughout the history of architecture, the structure has always played an effective role on architecture. Paying attention to the fact that the structure is a necessary and unavoidable part of the building can play a significant role in improving the quality of architecture.The traditional Iranian architect, by using the principles of Islamic architecture and geometry in the implementation of the building, has been able to be effective in improving the quality of the architecture of the implemented buildings. As a museum of traditional and Islamic architecture, Khorasan Architecture presents numerous and diverse works in this field. In this research, 41 historical monuments were selected by examining the religious buildings of Mashhad. The condition of the studied buildings was investigated in terms of the qualitative improvement of the Plate structure, the spatial structure and the illustrative structure in different historical periods from the Sassanid era to the Pahlavi period. With field surveys, it was found that 26 buildings have 65% improvement in the quality of plate structures, 15 buildings have 37.5% improvement in the quality of spatial structures, and 2 buildings have illustrative quality improvement in their records. Through the analysis, it was observed that most of the buildings were executed during the Safavid period and the quality improvement of the internal surfaces due to the plate structure was the most used with 22.5%

Tall residential buildings as a demographic solution for vertical development and creating diverse housing were a response to population growth in cities that arose following modern Western architecture. This research is aimed at extracting the components of the western intellectual trends after entering Iran and shaping the Tall residential buildings. The question of this research is, which are the components of western architecture that are effective in the physical design of Tall residential buildings and which of them is more effective in their formation. As a result, the research method is a kind of quantitative and qualitative research and used a mixed qualitative and quantitative method to explain the components of western architecture on the physical design of Tall residential buildings after the Islamic revolution. To extract the components, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 46 people. The results are entered into ATLASTI software and have been subjected to data reduction with coding. At the end, the results of the components were extracted and compiled in the form of a questionnaire and provided to 384 space users. Then the data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics in JMPSAS software. The results of the research show that in the group of designers, the highest factor share is related to late modern architecture with a value of (0.955) and the lowest factor share is related to deconstruction architecture with a value of (0.121). In the group of users of deconstruction architecture, with a value of (0.225), the lowest factor share is related to postmodern architecture with a value of (0.923).

No studies have thoroughly examined the Yazd Style of Historic Architecture. This architectural style was during the Atabakan and Muzaffarid eras in the 12th to 14th centuries AD. Although the short reign of the Muzaffarid dynasty, significant events and innovations occurred, in central Iran. This dynasty’s legacy in Yazd includes a variety of buildings like seminaries, mosques, monasteries, bazaars, and numerous qanats that influenced later architecture. Public buildings from the Muzaffarid era in Yazd comprised seminaries and scientific schools. Many of these structures have been lost over time, and there is a lack of research to understand their architectural patterns. This study aims to analyze the architectural patterns of Muzaffarid schools in Yazd from “structural-physical,” “construction technology,” and “decoration” perspectives. It uses a descriptive-analytical method, referencing historical sources and field observations of the remaining Muzaffarid-era sites in Yazd.Due to the limited surviving examples, this research focuses on seven schools: Ziaieh, Kamalieh, Rukniyah, Shamsieh, Hoseinian, Khanzadeh, and Shah Abolqasem. The findings reveal that despite the brief Muzaffarid era and internal conflicts, there was sustained civil, cultural, and social activity, which protected the architectural legacy from the post-Mongol invasion. The schools’ architectural patterns show a significant influence from the period’s cultural and social context, favoring balance and symmetry, often with domes and durable decorations. Use of various applied geometry in design, especially in Shamsieh and Rukniyah seminaries, underscores the attention from Muzaffarid rulers and architects. Thus, despite the political instability, the balanced approach ensured continuous activity in about hundred schools, setting a subsequent model construction

Critical regionalism has its roots in the depth of culture and nature. The new trends in critical regionalism are moving towards the concept of sustainable development. Kenneth Frampton, one of the greatest critics of critical regionalism, refers to this approach as a resistance against global standards and cultural homogeneity and the decline of modernism; there are two most important internal factors: culture and identity. This research aims to address the question of the basic conceptual model and criteria of critical regionalist architecture in order to improve the sustainable physical-social structure of residential houses in the city of Mashhad and the emergence of the greatest background of changes in culture, identity and indigenism from the perspective of critical regionalism. The aim of this research is to achieve the principles of critical regionalism, to present an effective conceptual model along with the preservation of authenticity and environmental principles. The present study uses grounded theory qualitative analysis to analyze the physical-functional typology, cultures and lifestyles of people in residential houses in Mashhad during the Pahlavi period, and to prove the research hypotheses based on the samples. This research concludes that the components of critical regionalism, considering the qualitative analysis, have the greatest impact on the form of the building, which, due to population growth, rising land values, and the result of dense and more compressed technology and sustainability, has shifted towards high-rise, complexing, etc., which is more compatible with the indigenous architecture of the region.

Gestalt theory is one of the most influential theories in art and architecture, which focuses the process of visual perception on a unified view and integrity of the art work. Due to the alignment of the goal of visual communication and lasting effectiveness on the mind, the application of these principles is essential in architectural design. On the other hand, the traditional houses of Yazd during the Qajar period are considered to be among the most lasting architectural works of Iran, which apparently have no purpose other than lasting effectiveness in mind. In this regard, with the aim of studying the characteristics and visual perception, how to apply the laws of Gestalt visual perception in the historical houses of Yazd, to discover the quality of the impact of the laws of Gestalt visual perception on the houses and their capabilities in creating useful communication, as well as to investigate the significance of each principle of Gestalt. In order to analyze case samples, the descriptive-analytical method of Gestalt laws was used. The research method is a theory test based on 10 examples of traditional houses in Yazd during the Qajar period, which are among the most important houses, including the Golshan house, the Lari houses (Gholamohsin), the Lari houses (Ahmed), Mortaz, Rasoulian, Heiran, Farhangi and Mozafari, Ulumi houses, and Sigari Akhavan. Based on the prevalence of Gestalt principles, this research examines the role of visual perception features in the historical houses of Yazd with principles of similarity, proximity, symmetry, form and context, continuity, dependence, surface, overlapping, restoration, closure and experience, as re-reading the historical houses architecture of Yazd in the Qajar period according to the Gestalt theory of visual perception.

This article deals with the importance of the evolution of mountains in Iranian painting from the point of view of form and symbol. From the Mongol period and the height of painting to the end of the Safavid period, mountains as a natural element have had different forms and had meanings and symbols. The trend of mountain shapes from the Mongol period to the Qajar period includes the transformation to private. Mountains have undergone changes in terms of concepts, textures, layering of mountains, as well as simple or complex lines, which can be seen with the existing surveys. The results show that the mountain has a special place in most of the paintings for conveying feelings as well as subjects. By covering a large amount of the frame, the mountain conveys its theme in the form of background and coloring and the use of relevant forms.

This article discusses the important role that time plays in the realm of textile art and sheds light on its profound impact on complex artistic creation. The process of making textile art is often labor intensive, with artists devoting countless hours to weaving, sewing, or dyeing materials. This investment of time not only enhances the aesthetic quality of the pieces, but adds meaning and personal narrative to each piece. Additionally, the historical context in which fabric is created can significantly increase its significance, as it reflects the sociocultural and technological developments of its time. By understanding the multifaceted ways time affects these textile works, viewers can gain a greater appreciation for the intricate crafts and stories embedded within them. In addition, its role in creation, the analysis of time is also vital for the promotion of textile art. Events such as exhibitions and workshops to highlight the importance of textile art in different cultures throughout history. These gatherings not only showcase the evolution of techniques and styles, but also create a deeper connection between artists and audiences, thereby drawing more attention to this often-overlooked art form. Additionally, the rise of social media and digital platforms has changed the way artists communicate, allowing for instant publishing and interaction. This shift has created a new relationship with time in the advertising process, enabling artists to reach wider audiences and cultivate communities around their art. Overall, this study emphasizes how the concept of time enriches the creation and promotion of textile art and ultimately leads to a deeper understanding of this unique and vibrant art medium.