نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال سیزدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 103، دی 1403)

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of inferiority feeling and self-critical rumination in the relationship between body image shame and social anxiety in adolescent girls. The present descriptive-correlational study was of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this study was high school students in Sowme'eh Sara city in 2024. The sample size in this study was 217 people who were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the Inferiority Feeling Inventory (IFI; Khodaday and Bahrami, 2012), Self-Critical Rumination Scale (SCRS; Smart et al., 2016), Body Image Shame Scale (BISS; Duarte et al., 2014), and Social Phobia Inventory (SPI; Connor et al., 2000). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the proposed model had a favorable fit. The results showed that body image shame, self-critical rumination, and inferiority feeling had a direct and significant effect on social anxiety; body image shame also had a direct and substantial impact on self-critical rumination and inferiority feeling (P<0.05). The results of the bootstrap test showed that inferiority feeling and self-critical rumination positively and significantly mediated the relationship between body image shame and social anxiety (P<0.05). In summary, it can be concluded that body image shame had a direct and mediated effect on social anxiety through self-critical rumination and inferiority feelings.

The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between Emotion regulation style and Self-compassion and the student's mental well-being, with the mediating role of Quality The research method was descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. This research's statistical population included the University of Tabriz students in 2023-2024 (24000 people) and the statistical sample included 378 people selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To measure the variables, the Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ, Keyes& Magyar-Moe,2003), the Self-Compassion scale (SCS, Neff,2003), Emotion Regulation Styles (ERQ, Gross & John, 2003), and the Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization's, 1996) were used. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the model had a good fit. Data analysis showed that self-compassion, emotion regulation (reevaluation) and quality of life, positive and anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and emotion regulation (suppression) have a negative direct effect on mental well-being(P<0.01). Also, secure attachment, self-compassion and emotion regulation (reevaluation) positive and anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and emotion regulation (suppression) negatively have an indirect effect on mental well-being through quality of life(P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be stated that adverse Self-compassion and emotion regulation style through the mediation of Quality of life can predict students' mental well-being.

The current research aimed to predict the anxiety of Corona based on hope and happiness. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type of study. The statistical database included all teenage girls in the city of Mashhad in the academic year 1400-1401. With the available sampling method, 395 people participated in the research through an Internet call.  To collect data, the Corona Anxiety Questionnaire (CDAS, Alipour et al., 2018),  The Miller Hope Scale (MHS, Miller, 1988), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHI, Hills and Argyle, 2002) were used. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation method and stepwise regression. The findings showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between anxiety and happiness, as well as the level of hope (P<0.01).  The results of the regression analysis showed that happiness and hope explained 12% of the variance of the Corona anxiety scores. Therefore, happiness and hope can play a role in the emergence of corona anxiety.

Improving the quality of scientific writing is one of the most important concerns in the current era, receiving special attention among the scientific community members. Dissertations are one of the examples of scientific writing. Identifying features related to thesis writing, especially writing coherence as the heart of writing activities, is considered one of the most basic steps in teaching and developing writing activities. This research identified the system of indicators for measuring the writing coherence in behavioral science theses. In this research, a qualitative approach and an interpretive phenomenological method were used. The key informants were 12 faculty members of the Faculty of Psychology and Education of the University of Tehran who were selected by snowball sampling in 2022; In the ninth interview, the data reached the saturation level, and three more interviews were conducted to be sure. data were collected using a semi-structured interview and were analyzed according to Dickelman and his colleague's Data analysis led to the identification of 61 indicators and their classification in the form of six criteria including: "intratextual coherence", "simple writing", "appearance attractiveness", "writing order", "methodical order" and "sourcing order". The results indicate that compliance with the criteria and indicators identified can significantly contribute to the quality improvement of scientific writing thus making it more valuable. Also, in the end, solutions were presented to improve and enhance the quality of coherence in thesis writing.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of brain quadrant dominance, meta-worry thoughts, and learning styles in predicting meta-cognitive strategies. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in the academic year 2024-2025, from which 150 people were selected by cluster random sampling. The research tools included the Meta-cognitive Strategies Scale (MSS, Karami, 1381), Meta-worry Thoughts Questionnaire (MTQ, Wells, 1994), Brain Quadrant Dominance Questionnaire (BDIQ, Nederman, 1980), and Learning Styles Inventory (LSI2, Kolb, 1985). The results of the study showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between meta-worry, social and health anxiety, and meta-cognitive strategies (P≥0.001). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the dominance of brain quadrants A and B with metacognitive strategies and a negative relationship between the dominance of brain quadrants C and D with metacognitive (P≥0.001). On the one hand, there is a negative and significant relationship between reflective observation and metacognitive strategies, and there is a positive and significant relationship between abstract conceptualization and active experimentation with metacognitive strategies (P≥0.01). On the other hand, the results of regression analysis showed that the dominance of brain quadrants A and C and reflective observation can explain 31% of the changes in metacognitive strategies in students (P≥0.001). In general, it can be said that the dominance of brain quadrants and learning styles predict metacognitive strategies in individuals, and according to them, metacognitive strategies can be explained.

The present research aimed to determine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-control and academic procrastination in students. The present research utilized a descriptive correlational research method employing structural equation modeling. The statistical population for the research comprised all students of Payame Noor University, International Center Of Assaluyeh, in the academic year 2023-2024. In this study, 208 people were selected by the available sampling method. To collect the data, the Academic self-efficacy Questionnaire (ASEQ; Owen and Froman., 1988), Procrastination assessment scale-students (APQ; Solomon and Rothblum., 1984), and Self-controlling scale (Tangney et al., 2004) were used. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that the suggested model has describable fitness. The results showed that self-control and self-efficacy had a significant and negative direct effect on academic procrastination. Also, Self-control had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy (P<0/05). The results of the bootstrap test indicated that self-efficacy played a mediating role between self-control and academic procrastination (P<0/05). The results of this study suggest that self-control is an important factor in reducing academic procrastination among students, and this relationship is mediated by self-efficacy. Self-control can play a significant role in reducing academic procrastination among students through the improvement of self-efficacy.

The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between the separation maladaptive schema and death anxiety, with the mediating role of the meaning of life and social support. The present research was descriptive-correlational based on path analysis. The statistical population of this study included all nurses who worked in Tehran hospitals in 2022-2023 and provided care for end-of-life patients. We selected 203 individuals using a purposive sampling method. Instruments used in the study include the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS, Templer, 1970), The multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS, Zimmet et al, 1988), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MSQ, Steger et al. 2006), and Young's schema questionnaire-Short form (YSQ-SF, Young, 1990). Data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results showed separation schema had a direct effect on death anxiety and an indirect effect through the mediation of the meaning of life and the perception of social support (p<0.001). Also, the results showed that the separation schema directly affected social support and meaning in life. The results showed that the model had a good fit. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the schema of separation through meaning in life and the perception of social support plays an important role in the formation of death anxiety in nurses.

This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of the meaning of life in the relationship between identity styles with emotional maturity. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type of path analysis. The statistical population of this research was all adolescent girls who were studying in the second secondary level of Tehran city in the academic year of 2021-2022. Using the available sampling method, a sample of 289 people was selected and participated in the study. Research tools included the emotional Maturity Scale (EMS, Singh & Bhargava, 1990), Identity Style Inventory (ISI, Berzonsky, 1992), and Meaning Life questionnaire (MLQ, Steger & et al, 2006). The data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings showed that informational and moratorium identity styles were able to predict emotional maturity (p<0.001) directly. Also, confused and normative identity styles were able to predict emotional maturity indirectly through the meaning of life (p<0.001). These results show that identity styles, considering the important role of the meaning of life, can explain emotional maturity and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the executive functions training program on working memory, response inhibition, and selective attention of students with intellectual disabilities. The current research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students with low intelligence in Babak City in the academic year 2024-2025. 30 students with intellectual disabilities were included in the study by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The research tools included the Stroop color-word test scale (1935, SCWT), the N-BACK Kirchner working memory test (1958), and Hoffman's go/ nogo test (1984). The research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-24 software. The findings showed that by controlling the pretest effect between the mean posttest of working memory components (response time and correct response), response inhibition (response time, committed error, and total response inhibition), and selective attention (interference score, correct number, error number, reaction time and interference time) in the experimental group compared to the control group, there is a significant difference at the significance level (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the executive functions training program had an acceptable effect on improving working memory, response inhibition, and selective attention of students with intellectual disabilities.

The present study was conducted to predict job burnout based on mental fatigue and effort-reward imbalance among nurses in the post-corona era. The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all the nurses working in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences who have taken care of patients with COVID-19 in recent years, in 2023, out of which 200 people were selected as a sample using the available and non-random sampling method. The data were collected using Maslach & Jackson's Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, 1981), Johansson et al's Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS, 2010) Siegrist et al's Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ, 2009). Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that mental fatigue and effort-reward imbalance were able to predict job burnout (p<0.05) and explained 54.1% of the variance of job burnout. Therefore, it can be concluded that mental fatigue and effort-reward imbalance play a significant role in predicting job burnout and it seems necessary to pay attention to these factors to reduce job burnout in nurses in the post-corona era.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on distress tolerance and quality of life of cardiovascular patients. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all cardiovascular patients who had been referred to the Bandar-e Mahshahr Heart Hospital in the second half of 2024; 32 patients were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=16) and control groups (n=16) after meeting the inclusion criteria. The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS-15; Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL; Whoqol Group, 1998) were used to collect data. The treatment program consisted of twelve 60-minute sessions, which were held individually, one session per week, for three months for the intervention group members. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in distress tolerance and quality of life (p<0.05) and positive psychotherapy had a lasting effect during the follow-up period (p<0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy was an effective treatment for improving distress tolerance and quality of life in cardiovascular patients.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the tolerance of ambiguity and difficulty in regulating the emotions of drug addicts. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included substance-dependent patients who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran in 1402. Among these, 34 people were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental (17 people) and control (17 people) groups. Research tools included the Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (ATQ) by McLean (2009) and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DERS) by Gratz and Roemer (2004). Schema therapy was performed on the experimental group in 10 sessions of 90 minutes with the frequency of one session per week. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups and schema therapy increased the tolerance of ambiguity (p<0.05) and reduced the difficulty in emotion regulation (p<0.05) in substance-dependent people. It also had a lasting effect in the follow-up period (p>0.05). According to the obtained results, addiction specialists can use schema therapy to emphasize increasing the tolerance of ambiguity and reducing the difficulty in regulating the emotions of drug addicts.

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia and the mediating role of social support in students. The present research was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was the students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch in 2023. 220 students were selected by the available sampling method. Participants completed an online survey and completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983), the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q; Yildirim & Correia, 2015), and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988) answered. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling. The fit indices indicated that the proposed model had a good fit. The results showed that perceived stress positively and social support negatively had a direct effect on nomophobia; Also, perceived stress negatively had a direct and significant effect on social support (P<0.05). Also, the results of the bootstrap test showed that social support played a mediating role between perceived stress and nomophobia (P<0.05). The results of this research indicated that the perceived stress directly or the mediating role of social support affected nomophobia.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of skill training based on dialectical behavior therapy on social problem solving and attitudes towards delinquency of juvenile delinquents in Sari Correctional Center. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all juvenile delinquent boys residing in Sari Correctional Center in 2023, from which 30 were selected by purposive sampling and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 15 people. The experimental group underwent twelve 60-minute sessions of skill training based on dialectical behavior therapy. The research instruments were the Social Problem Solving Questionnaire (SPSI, D'zurilla et al., 2002) and the Attitudes Towards Delinquent Behaviors Questionnaire (ADB, Fazli, 2010). The research data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of the covariance test. The findings showed that by controlling for the pretest effect, there was a significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean posttest scores of social problem-solving and attitudes toward delinquency in the experimental and control groups. The results of the study indicated that skill training based on dialectical behavior therapy is an appropriate approach for increasing social problem-solving and improving attitudes toward delinquency in juvenile delinquents in correctional facilities.

This research was conducted to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and social support with resilience in students. The present study was descriptive-correlation by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research included students of Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad branch in the academic year 2023. In this study, 230 people were selected by random sampling of the cluster and were assigned to the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (FMI; Walach et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988), the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF, Raes et al., 2011) and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor and Davidson, 2003) answered. Structural equation analysis was used to analyze data. The findings showed that the proposed model has a favorable fit. Also, the findings showed that mindfulness, social support, and self-compassion had a direct and significant effect on resilience; Also, mindfulness and social support had a direct and significant effect on self-compassion (P< 0.05). The result of the bootstrap test showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the relationship between social support and resilience; Also, the results showed self-compassion between mindfulness and resilience played a mediating role (P<0.05). Finally, it can be concluded that social support and mindfulness directly and through self-compassion affect resilience.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the feasibility of a motivational training package based on goal orientation theory on the vitality and academic resilience of secondary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest,  posttest, and control group design. The statistical population was female students of second secondary level in Yazd city in 2022-2023. Among them, 30 were selected by convenient sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (N=15) and a control group (N=15). Motivation package training based on goal orientation was implemented in 12 90-minute sessions. The tools of the current research included Academic Vitality Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh & Hossein Chari, 2011) and Academic Resilience Questionnaire (ARS, Samuels, 2004). Multivariate and univariate covariance analysis methods were used for data analysis. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a difference between the post-test mean of academic vitality and two subscales of positivity and future-oriented and problem-oriented at the level of 0.01. However, by controlling the pre-test effect, there was no significant difference between the post-test mean of the interpersonal skills subscale at the 0.05 level. Motivation training based on goal direction is an efficient method to improve academic vitality, positivity, and future future-oriented and problem-oriented.

The present study was conducted to determine the fit of the structural model of depression based on the family process and content in childless couples with the mediating role of self-differentiation The research method was structural equation descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all childless couples living in Gonbadkavus City in 2023, from which 130 couples (260 people) were selected through available sampling. Research tools included Beck depression questionnaires (Beck et al., 1963), family process and content (Samani, 2005), and self-differentiation (Skorn and Friedlander, 1998). The data were analyzed by structural equation analysis. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that among childless couples, the process and content of the family have a positive and meaningful effect on self-differentiation (P<0/001). Among childless couples, self-differentiation has a negative and significant effect on depression (P<0/001). Also, self-differentiation in childless couples mediates the effect of family process and content on depression in a negative and meaningful way (P<0/001); Therefore, it can be concluded that self-differentiation according to the role of the family process and content can explain the depression of childless couples.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing the difficulty in emotion regulation and distress tolerance of students with behavioral risks. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of all male students with risky behaviors between the ages of 14 and 18 who were referred to the counseling and psychology center in Karaj city in 2023, of which there were 30 people (15 people in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group) were selected through the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups. To collect data, Gratz & Roemer's Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, 2004) and Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS, 2008) were used, and mindfulness training was carried out during 10 sessions and once a week for 60 minutes. Multivariate analysis of the covariance test was used to analyze the data. The research findings showed a significant difference of (P<0.0001) between the post-test mean of emotion regulation difficulty and distress tolerance in both experimental and control groups. As a result, emotion regulation training using techniques such as thoughts, emotions, and conscious behavior can be used as an effective approach to reduce the difficulty in emotional regulation and improve distress tolerance in adolescents with behavioral problems.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety, fear of falling, and demoralization in patients with multiple sclerosis. The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with multiple sclerosis referred to the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Tabriz City in 2023. The research sample consisted of 40 people from the statistical population who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in the group (20 people in each group). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment was implemented in 8 sessions of 60 minutes during four weeks and two sessions per week for the experimental group. The research tools included Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970, DAS), Kempen et al.'s Falls Efficacy Scale (2008, FES-I), and Kissane et al.'s Demoralization Scale (2004, DS). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of death anxiety, fear of falling, and depression symptoms. (P<0.01). According to the results of this study, psychologists and psychiatrists can use this intervention to improve death anxiety, fear of falling, and demoralization in patients with multiple sclerosis.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on grief in caregivers of cancer patients. This semi-experimental research utilized a pretest-posttest control group design with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all caregivers of cancer patients who received services from the Iranian Cancer Charity Foundation in Mashhad during the last three months of 2023. The sample consisted of 45 caregivers, who were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The intervention groups received 10 sessions of 90-minute CBT based on Young's model (2001) and 8 sessions of 90-minute EFT based on Greenberg's model (2006), once a week. Data were collected using Holm et al.'s (2019) Grief Predictors Scale (AGS). Results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, with both CBT and EFT significantly reducing grief scores in caregivers (p < 0.05). Furthermore, EFT was found to be more effective than CBT in alleviating grief in caregivers (p < 0.05). The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy was probably a more efficient intervention than cognitive behavioral therapy for improving the bereavement of caregivers of patients and, can guide therapists in treatment selection.

This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between personality traits with marital disaffection. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type of path analysis. The statistical population of this research was all married female students of Islamic Azad University Karaj branch in the academic year of 2023-2024. Using the available sampling method, a sample of 238 people was selected and participated in the study. Research tools included: Marital Disaffection Scale (MDS, Kayser, 1993), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, McCrae & Costa, 1985) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). The data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results of path analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings showed that the personality traits of openness to experience and agreeableness were able to directly predict marital disaffection (p<0.001). Also, the indirect effect of neuroticism, extroversion, and conscientiousness variables on the marital disaffection variable through the compromised cognitive emotion regulation was significant (p<0.001). On the other hand, the indirect effect of the variables of openness to experience and agreeableness to the variable of marital disaffection through uncompromised cognitive emotion regulation was significant (p<0.001). These results show that personality traits, considering the important role of cognitive emotion regulation, can explain marital disaffection and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other.

The present study was conducted to develop a health‐related quality of life for infertile women based on infertility problems: the mediating role of illness cognitions. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women suffering from infertility in the city of Mashhad who had been referred to specialized infertility clinics and centers between May and July 2023. The sample consisted of 300 infertile women who were selected by the available sampling method. Participants completed the fertility problem inventory–short form (FPI-SF, 2017), illness cognition questionnaire (ICQ, 2001), and health-related quality of life scale (HRQoL, 2017). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research Model. The results showed that infertility problems have a direct effect on illness cognitions (P<0.01) and health quality of life of infertile women (P<0.05). Illness cognitions had a direct effect on the health and quality of life of infertile women (P<0.01). Also, the effect of infertility problems with the mediation of Illness cognitions on health and quality of life was significant (P<0.01). These results show that illness cognitions can explain the quality of life-related to the health of infertile women due to the role of infertility problems.

The present research aimed to predict academic resilience in gifted students based on hidden anxiety, dimensions of perfectionism, and perception of the classroom environment. This research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of research included all gifted girl students in the second year of high school in Tehran in the academic year 1402-1403 and 214 individuals were selected as samples using convenience sampling. The research tools included the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS, Hewitt & Flett, 1991), Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire (CLEQ, McGhee et al., 2007), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI, Samuels, 2004) & State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Speilberger et al., 1970). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The findings showed that dimensions of perfectionism and hidden anxiety have a negative and significant relationship with academic resilience and perception of the classroom environment has a positive and significant relationship with academic resilience (p<0.01). Also, %43 of the variance of academic resilience was accounted for by the other-oriented & social-oriented dimensions of perfectionism, hidden anxiety & perception of the classroom environment, & hidden anxiety has the largest contribution to the prediction of academic resilience (p<0.05). It can be concluded that other-oriented & social-oriented perfectionism, hidden anxiety & perception of the classroom environment play a key role in gifted student's academic resilience, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in intervention programs designed to increase gifted student's academic resilience.

This study aimed to validate the multi-dimensional scale for anti-social behavior in a higher education setting (ASB) for a sample of Iranian university students. This descriptive-evaluative study translated and validated the Persian version of (ASB) in a sample of Iranian students. 270 students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch participated in this study using the convenience sampling method in 2023. To examine the test-retest reliability of ASB, 50 participants were randomly selected to fill out this scale twice at an interval of two weeks. The multi-dimensional scale for Anti-Social Behavior in a higher education setting (ASB), the Dirty Dozen Scale (DD, Jonason & Webster, 2010), and the Short form of the self-compassion Scale (SCS, Raes et al., 2011) were used in this study. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 2 factors were identified separately, which explain 66.30% of the total variance. The results of criterion validity showed that ASB had a positive relationship with dark personality traits and a negative relationship with self-compassion (P<0.05); which respectively shows the convergent and divergent validity of this tool. According to Cronbach's alpha, results showed the favorable test-retest reliability (0.77) and internal consistency (0.89) of ASB.  Since ASB exhibited acceptable validity and reliability in a sample of Iranian students, it is recommended to be used for measuring the anti-social behavior of Iranian university students.

This research study aimed to investigate postpartum depression symptoms based on marital conflicts, history of pre-pregnancy depression, and family support. The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population includes all pregnant women referring to the counseling centers of the Tehran Health Department who were pregnant in 2023, from among them 150 people were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected using the standard Marital Conflict Questionnaire of Brati and Sanai (2015, MCQ), the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Questionnaire (2003, EPDS), the Social Support Questionnaire (Family Scale, Mary Procidano and Kenneth Heller (PSS-FA, 1983) and the questionnaire Depression was collected by Beck et al. (BDI-II 1996). The data were analyzed using the multivariate regression method. The findings showed that the components of marital conflict (0.001) and pre-pregnancy depression ( 0.037), positively and significantly, and family support (0.041) can predict postpartum depression. Other results indicated that marital conflicts, history of depression before pregnancy, and family support in total explain 31 percent of the variance of postpartum depression, so marital conflicts, history of depression before pregnancy, and family support can play a role in the occurrence of postpartum depression.