مجله جغرافیا و توسعه
پیاپی 78 (بهار 1404)

The oldest and main rural-urban link has been the link in the field of food supply, so that the continuation of the production of food products in peri-urban rural areas as a food security strategy has had a positive effect on the food diversity and food security of the cities, hence the development of scenarios that are effective in the realization of rural-urban links in security. Therefore, the main objective of the current research is to investigate the scenarios of the impact of rural-urban linkages on food security in peri-urban areas of Dehdasht city. This is done with the collaboration of managers, officials, and academic experts to identify the Key drivers of the impact of rural-urban linkages on food security in rural areas and then develop effective scenarios for food security. This research is also applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The method of collecting data and information was library, document and survey (interview). By examining scientific sources, 76 factors affecting rural-urban linkages effective in food security were identified, which were categorized into 4 dimensions. In total, 25 managers of related organizations and academic experts were interviewed. Data analysis was performed based on prospective research techniques, including structure analysis and interaction analysis using software (Micmac and Scenario wizard). The results showed that there are 12 scenarios with weak adaptation and only one scenario with strong and stable adaptation (zero incompatibility). The first scenario, which is a positively oriented scenario, has a total interaction score of 665 and a compatibility value of 5. While the second scenario, which is an unfavorable scenario, has a total interaction effect score of 94 and a compatibility value of -1. The third scenario (standing) also has a compatibility value of -1 and with a total interaction effect score of 36, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of rural-urban linkages affecting food security.

The existing empirical background shows that despite the important and fundamental efforts that have been made for the formation of child-friendly cities, the practical results have been few. In fact, few cities in Iran and even the world can claim to have achieved such a goal. One of the main reasons for this failure is the lack of attention to all the important and basic dimensions needed in the formation of child-friendly cities. For this purpose, the present study was carried out to propose a model to achieve child-friendly cities in Mashhad. The research method was descriptive and analytical and its purpose was practical. The required data was collected using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been confirmed. The selected sample was 90 experts in the fields of urban planning, social sciences and psychology. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics, especially exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that for the formation of a child-friendly city, three dimensions, political, physical environment and child's rights, have 0.88, 0.87 and 0.80 respectively. Therefore, if this prioritization is not taken into consideration, it will be impossible to access child-friendly cities. However, what has been done in practice so far has only focused on the physical dimension.

The process of urban metabolism in these areas has caused the exploitation of resources beyond the ecological capacity, and as a result, the sustainability of these areas has faced a serious challenge. the exploratory factor analysis method in the SPSS software environment was used to identify the drivers of ecological sustainability of coastal cities, and the SWARA and MABAC multi-indicator decision-making methods were used, respectively, to weight and determine the relative importance of drivers and rank coastal cities based on these drivers. In the second and third stages, the statistical community includes the group of experts who were selected from the first stage statistical community. Based on the results and the between the variables, 10 factors were identified as drivers of ecological sustainability of coastal cities based on correlations between the studied variables, which after naming, include the drivers of "sustainable urban management", "coastal governance", "protection measures", "Consequences of city metabolism" and... Also, based on the results of the drivers of "coastal governance", "sustainable urban management", "economic development" with weights of 0.41, 0.23 and 0.13, respectively, the drivers of "environmental factors" and "development of citizen awareness" with weights of 0.2 and 0.1 are the most important. They are the least important. The results of the comparative comparison of the studied coastal cities showed that the cities of Bushehr and Mahshahr have the highest relative stability with weights of 0.350 and 0.151, respectively, and the cities of Ganaveh and Handijan have the lowest relative stability with weights of -0.071 and -0.0191.

Drought is a challenging problem that can be evaluated with multi-variable and combined perspectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to create a comprehensive index of three indices SPI, PDSI, and SRI, which includes all aspects of meteorology, hydrology, and agriculture. For this purpose, three drought variables (severity, duration, Magnitude) were analyzed for 10 meteorological stations in Iran for the statistical period of 1990-2021, firstly using principal component analysis (PCA) and nonlinear coupling based on copula. were analyzed. The probability distribution model for constructing the MCDI composite index. It was then tested with the ability of the exact functions of Clayton, Frank, and Gamble to generate a trivariate joint distribution. The best copula function for each station was determined through the Kolmograf-Smirnov (K_S) test, and the results showed the superiority of the Gumbel function in most stations. Return period curves were drawn for all stations and for all three joints. The period of returns indicated a long-term frequency of drought with greater intensity for periods of 50 and 100 years. The shortest return period of 50 years with the superiority of Clayton's function related to Tabriz and with the superiority of Gumbel's function related to Tehran was 10 months and the longest period was 30 months related to Mashhad with the superiority of Gumbel's function, respectively with intensity of 6.53 and 8.95 and 26/34 were included. For the 100-year return period, the shortest period with the superiority of Clayton is related to Tabriz with 13 months and intensity of 13.75, and the longest period with the superiority of Gumbel's function belongs to Kerman with a duration of 48 months, and the intensity of 42.56. The results of this research show that the use of a multivariate composite index (MCDI) by using detailed functions provides the possibility of a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of drought on a national scale. This approach, taking into account the meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural aspects of drought, provides an efficient tool for managing water resources and strategic planning in the face of drought in different regions of Iran.

In bureaucratic systems the political re-construction of the space and the role of the government in this field play a prominent role in development, and this role is more evident in the case of cities that their political and administrative status are upgraded. This analytical-descriptive research aimed to analyze the effects of upgrading the city of Ardabil from a Township center to a province center in the development of the city since 1993.The data is extracted from sources such as statistical yearbooks or received from the relative offices. We use descriptive statistics models in SPSS software and calculation, drawing and analytical tools of the GIS to analyze the data as well. Shannon's entropy model is also used to determine the form of the city growth. Findings showed that after upgrading the administrative-political status of the city to a province center, the figures of the indicators of social and cultural dimension of development including the number of financial, cultural, educational, medical, and judicial centers, the number of government agencies, government employees and service sector jobs increased rapidly. It also changed urban land using in favor of administrative, commercial, educational and policing activities. Also, the city population increased and it extended physically in a more scattered growth form. To avoid the negative consequences of the re-construction of the space where the administrative-political status of cities enhanced, the research suggests that smart city procedures being implied, more authority to local managers being given, and national and regional re-arrangement plans being taken.

Today, the increasing occurrence of dust storms is one of the most important environmental hazards that plague many areas, especially desert and dry areas. One of the important factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the type of soil and the presence of fine-grained sediments as a source of dust, considering that the flood phenomenon plays an important role in the movement of soils and their deposition in flooded areas. This study attempts to analyze the role of seasonal floods in creating new sources of dust by investigating and analyzing this issue. In this regard, the OLI and Sentinel 1 sensor images were used. Analyses were performed using the GEE system environment, ENVI, and SNAP software. By applying the spectral thresholding method on Sentinel 1 images related to the flood of August 5, 1401, in Rafsanjan-Anar cities, the flooded areas were determined. By processing the OLI images, the clay sediments deposited as a result of the flood were highlighted. Drawing the graph of monthly average AOD during 10 years shows the increasing trend of dust masses, as well as examining this graph and comparing the map of dust masses with the map of sedimented areas as a result of the April 5 flood in the study area. It is a confirmation of the role of the mentioned flood in creating new and local sources in the studied area.

Understanding the future of greenhouse cultivation is of great importance. The research was aimed to draw its future images in Iran. Both exploratory and normative approaches of future studies were adopted. Content analysis, future triangle and causal layered analysis methods were used to answer the questions. Key stakeholders of this business in the western hinterland of Isfahan capital city were interviewed, and news and previous studies were also collected. Three initial images of "Armanshahri" (Utopian), "Viranshahri" (Dystopia), and "Shahineshahri" (Heterotopian) were contently discovered. Given the importance of past and present trends and events, the weight of history, present pressures, and future pulls were also identified and placed in the future triangle. The "Development of the country's greenhouses" Agenda, as a pull for the future, is a target plan supported by the government. However, due to the weight of the past, the weakness of present pressures, and the insufficient pull of the future, the triangle did not have enough momentum to rotate. Also, the results of CLA showed that there is no problem in the deepest layer, the metaphor, the defects of litanies and systemic shortcomings are more rooted in the middle layer, the discourse and worldview that implies intensive agriculture and an unsustainable economy. Finally, based on a more realistic scenario, the quantitative growth of the sector will continue, with producers enduring the shocks and pressures of a weak and unstable economy. And, who are participated in industrial clusters and connected to successful cooperatives and markets can qualify their development cycles

Agricultural Development as a Fundamental Necessity for Transformation in Geographical Spaces, Emphasizing Essential Actions Such as Improving and Modernizing Education and Skills. Familiarity with the Barriers to Providing Agricultural Skills Training in Each Geographical Area Can Play a Significant Role in Enhancing Productivity of Production Factors, an Issue Addressed in this Research within the Geographical Context of Faryab County, Kerman Province. This study is both practically oriented and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population consists of two groups: the first group includes agricultural sector experts and specialists, and the second group comprises agricultural operators in the villages of Faryab County. Due to the large number of villages in Faryab County, villages with over 100 households were selected. The total number of the statistical population in the group of agricultural operators was 5109 households, from which 357 households were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The research results indicate that in horticultural activities, the penetration coefficient of skills training is respectively related to the districts of Galashgard, Mahrooyeh, Zhamkan, and Hoor. In livestock activities, the penetration coefficient of skills training is respectively related to the districts of Galashgard, Mahrooyeh, Zhamkan, and Hoor. Similarly, in agricultural activities, the penetration coefficient of skills training is respectively related to the districts of Galashgard, Mahrooyeh, Zhamkan, and Hoor. Furthermore, the existing barriers to acquiring agricultural skills are categorized into individual, social, economic, infrastructural, and locational barriers, and criteria were established for evaluating each of these barriers. In general, it can be stated that individual barriers with a path coefficient of 0.999, social barriers with a path coefficient of 0.612, economic barriers with a path coefficient of 0.001, and infrastructural and locational barriers with a path coefficient of 0.898 have had a significant impact on agricultural skills training.