فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال سوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1385)

In this study, effects of aytu-hydrolysus steam treatment on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw was studied. Samples were damped so that their moisture content reached to 30,40,50and 60%, then they were steam treated under pressure(20 atm) and 5 levels of reaction time(120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 s). Chemical composition of the samples including their CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, water soluble sugars and total extractable phenolics contents were determined. In vitro digestibility of samples was determined by a two stage in vitro.Data from this experiment analyzed on the basis of CRD statistical design (4×5) factorial model with three replications. Wheat straw steam treatment significantly affected in vitro digestibility and chemical composition. The least CF, NDF, ADL and ADF were attributed to (60%, 240s) samples as much as 37.27, 49.20, 44.3, 6.53 and 38.28. respectively; and also, the most water soluble sugars total extractable phenolics, DMD, OMD and DOMD were from the mentioned treatment as much as 19.45 38.28, 26.4, 29.77, 28.83%, respectively; which made this treatment the best choice in the current study.

This survey is about investigation in effective economic factors on satisfaction of participating holders in combating desertification projects in Khouzestan province in 2005. The methodological approach of this study is Survey Research. The target population of our study was holders who had contracted with natural resources’ administration in Khouzestan province and taken lands for combating desertification in Ahvaz, Shoush, and Dashteazadegan. To select these samples, classified sampling was used, 152 persons were selected and necessary information gathered via questionaires. SPSS software was used to analysis the data. Dependent variable was satisfaction of participating holders in the project and independent variables were: age, level of education, the cultivated land, usage of financial facilities and credits, job status, income gained from the land.The main results were as followed: Results taken from computing correlation coefficient showed positive and statistically meaningful relation between the cultivated land, level of education, and their participation.Variables called: usage of financial facilities and credits, job status, were effective on satisfaction of participating holders in this project.

LanLand suitability evaluation is the process of assessing the suitability of land for specified kinds of use and relevant approach for sustainable Agriculture. In 400 ha Karaj’s seed and nursery improvement and preparatory research station, qualitative land suitability evaluation has been investigated for irrigated corn, following the FAO frame work for land suitability classification.For this evaluation, land characteristics have been Compared with the crop requirements and based on the degree of matching the classes have been determined.There are four recognized soil series in the research station namely, Haftjooy, Farokhabad, Karaj and Shahrak. Haftjooy series showed the lowest suitability classes among the four soil series, with soil depth and gravel content as the main limiting factors. In Farokhabad series also the gravel content showed to be the main limiting factor.The other series showed to be moderately to marginally suitable for irrigated corn (S2 and S3 classes).

Samples of fruit and vegetables residues (FVR) were collected from central terminal of Karaj during three months of summer every other week per month. After separation of foreign materials, all samples were dried and prepared for chemical analyses. The average of DM was 11.62 percent and CP, Ash, CF, EE, NDF, ADF, lignin, Ca, P, Mg, K and Na were 14.73, 22.55, 12.24, 1.44, 32.71, 20.47, 3.57, 1.41, 0.34, 0.13, 1.18 and 0.28 percent; Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb were 85.58, 13.22, 61.74 and 4.16 mg/kg DM basis respectively and GE was 3308.7 cal/gr of DM. With exception for the DM, P and Mn, no significantly variation was observed for the chemical composition among the month of sampling.The average of in vitro digestibility for DM, OM and DOMD were 73.68, 77.32 and 60 percent respectively that were not significantly different between the months

In order to study the effect of planting pattern and plant density on accumulation of dry matter in different organs of sweet corn (hybrid SC404) a field experiment was conducted in 2002 at Ramin Agricultural Research and Education Center- Shahid Chamran University. The design was a factorial in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plant density were consisted of 3 levels (d1=60000, d2=75000 and d3=90000 plants/ha) and planting pattern (a1= single row on hill, a2 =single row on hill as zigzag and a3 = twin rows as zigzag). Results indicated that the highest amount of total dry matter, grain yield, wet cob yield, cob dry matter, leaf dry matter, and steam dry matter was obtained with twin rows planting pattern. Also results showed that plant density influenced total dry matter, grain yield, wet cob yield, cob wood dry matter, cob dry matter, leaf dry matter, and steam dry matter. The highest dry matter and wet cob yield and other factors wero obtained by 90000 plant/ha density but highest grain yield, obtained at 75000 plants/ha density.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is an important annul /biennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. The effective substance of this plant is used for treatment of chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis, liver toxic damages caused by alcohol and mushroom poisoning and stomach problems. To study the effect of plant density and N-fertilizer on seed yield and yield components, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment with in a randomized complete blocks design with three replication in spring 2005 at research station of Hamand Absard. The treatments were plant density (50×20-50×30-50×40 cm2)and N-fertilizer (0-50-100-150kg/hec).The results indicate that the a decrease in plant density and an increase in N-fertilizer, significantly increased the diameters and the numbers of capitols in each plant. Also increasing N-fertilizer and plant density has a positive effect on plant height and seed yield, although the seed yield of each plant was decreased by increasing the plant density.

The main objective of this article is to present the results of a study done about analysis the technical knowledge and social, economic and farming characteristics affecting on crop yield of wheat farmers. The research design was a descriptive and correlation surveying method. Wheat farmers in Ahvaz, Behbahan, and Dezful township who cultivated wheat by the use of irrigation were the target population for this study. A random sample of wheat farmers selected from three randomly selected township of Ahvaz, Behbahan, and Dezful township(N =5529,n=359). The main result of the study revealed that there exists correlation between the technical knowledge, level of education, income, land ownership, social participation, social status participation in extension course, using communication channel and mechanization with level of crop yield were significantly positive. Technical knowledge, income, social participation, participation in extension course and educational level may well explain for 64% changes (R2=.64) in crop yield.

Effects 0f space on row on yield, yield components and physiological characteristics of tree cucumber of Danitol were investigated, in 2004, An experiment was conducted in the experimental greenhouse of Azad University of Gonabad. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in three replications. The experiment treatment were consist of three space on row (20, 40 and 60 centimeters). The results of this experiment showed that some of the vegetative growth and reproductive characteristics, growing indexes and cucumber yield were affected by space on row. The crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index, plant height, bad form cucumber number, biological yield and cucumber yield were greater in 20- centimeter space on row and decreased in 60 centimeter. The highest cucumber yield was found in 20-centimeter space on row. Cucumber number in plant and weight per cucumber increased along with the increase in space on row from 20 centimeter to 60 centimeter. Due to the presence of a balance between the yield per plant and the number of plant in a unit area, and then decreased due to lower cucumber yield per plant. Cucumber yield was a function average crop growth rate, leaf area index, cucumber number in plant and weight per cucumber. Harvest index had the most direct effect on the cucumber yield. The most indirect effect was related to crop growth rate through the harvest index (-0.904). under this experiment, it seems that the space on row of 20 centimeter would be suitable for tree cucumber of Danitol.Even with yield calculation after subtracting curved cucumber also most yield (5821 kg/500m2) related to space on row was decreased. on the other hand, perhaps in this space on the row, because of more density, control of disease, pest and weed is harder.