مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال هشتم شماره 2 (خرداد و تیر 1391)

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that causes bone fracture. This study was performed to determine the effect of Health Belief Model in osteoporosis prevention in volunteers of Khorramabad in 2011.

This quasi-experimental before and after study was conducted among the hundred volunteers, which were stratified randomly into two fifty-member groups of case and control. Then, through three stages (before intervention, immediately after intervention, and three month after intervention) these groups were evaluated. Analyzing the data was performed by SPSS software using repeated measurement test.

No significant differences between the mean scores of the various structures of this model were observed among the two groups before the intervention. The mean scores of the awareness and various structures of the model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers) were increased significantly in the case group after intervention (P < 0.05). In performance, the calcium consumption was decreased in both the case and control groups.

Although HBM is effective for planning programs to prevent disease or accidents, it seems it is not suitable for the promotion of behaviors, particularly long-term behavioral change and behaviors that depend on economic and social factors.

Backgorund: Bisphenol A, has been commonly used in making polycarbonate plastics. Today, using BPA in baby bottles is banned in many countries due to its toxicity.

The objective of the present study was aimed to assess the distribution of polycarbonate baby bottles and their standard quality in an Isfahan urban society. This study was a cross- sectional research in Isfahan, Iran in 2011. Thirty-five baby shops (n=35) and drug stores (n=5) in 4 different parts of Isfahan were included in the study,

The distribution of baby bottles were investigated regarding their brand, origin and being marked as BPA free. As the products quality is directly linked to the regulation of where they were manufactured, products were classified in to 3 categories: national, Asians and western. Results revealed that national and western baby bottles were the most and the least distributed products respectively. The difference in the investigated geographical areas was significantly linked to the type of products regarding their standard quality. The Products marked as BPA free, were found in the western products, and were limited to two of the selected areas.

As national produced polymeric baby bottles, were the most distributed products in an urban society in Isfehan, a conclusion could be drawn that improvement and revision of the national standards can be effective in reducing the exposure to BPA in Iranian infants, Moreover, risk assessment of BPA from baby bottles is a necessity in our society.

Today, cancer is one of the major health problems worldwide, and the importance of this disease in our country is growing. This cancer is the third cause of death and accounts for the second largest group of non-transmissible chronic diseases. Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and includes 10% of deaths from cancer around the world. Different genetic and environmental factors play a role in causing of this cancer and in this study we investigated the environmental factors associated with colorectal cancer in Isfahan, Iran.

In this case - control study, 125 patients with colorectal cancer, who had positive results by colonoscopy, were selected as case group from colorectal cancer center in Isfahan (Seyed Al Shohada Hospital) and 135 people, had a negative colonoscopy results, were selected as control group,, from the same center. Cases and controls were matched by age, sex and place of residence. According to the aim of the study to investigate the cause factors of the sporadic colorectal cancer, patients who had a positive family history were excluded. Extracted data included age, sex, activity, diet, consumption of NSAIDs, smoking and BMI. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression model after entry into the SPSS software.

From the total patients studied, 9.51% were male, 1.48% female, mean age of patients was 58.32 ± 11.002. Through multiple analysis, an inverse relationship was found between physical activity (OR = 0.49, CI 95%: 0.34-0.7) and non-steroidal drugs (OR=0.07, CI95%:0.02-0.2) with colorectal cancer. Moreover, a positive association was found between dietary fat intake and colorectal cancer (OR = 4.86, CI 95%: 2.96-5.45). In this study, no correlation was found between smoking and BMI with colorectal cancer.

Due to the fact that colorectal cancer is preventable and its increased incidence; educational interventions, disease screening and identifying the role of diet and physical activities in the disease appears to be necessary.

Drug addiction is known as a health, therapeutic, and social problem of the recent century. Recent studies have shown that young people have little resistance against drugs, but they have the ability to understand and accept the risk of using drugs. This study has been done among students to determine the preventive behaviors of drug addiction based on the health belief model.

This study is a descriptive-analytical study, which was performed among 224 male students in four high schools in the Boroujen region. In this study sampling was performed randomly in several stages and it used demographic variables based on the health belief model parts (perceived benefits, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action) toward preventive functions of addiction and drug abuse. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software 18 and descriptive and inferential test.

The findings of this study showed that, there is a significant difference between the obtained scores of health belief model parts and preventive behaviors of addiction and drug abuse. Moreover, there is a significant correlation between the factors of students, their fathers’ education and their knowledge (P = 0.001). There is also a significant correlation between the factors of how to express their problems and preventive behaviors of drug abuse (P = 0.002).

The findings of this study, like other similar studies showed that awareness of factors related to prevention of addiction and scores of the health belief model constructs in the students can significantly affect their preventive actions.

The planners and managers in health policy sector are responsible for policy making and planning of the health structure of a country. Therefore، they need to have access to reasonable and accurate information. Knowledge of managers about the applications of hospital information system is therefore of high importance. This study aimed to survey the knowledge of managers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) about the applications of hospital information system.

This descriptive، analytical، cross-sectional study was performed on 40 managers of healthcare centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences during 2011. Data was collected by questionnaires. Descriptive statistics، central indices، and statistical dispersion were used for describing data. Kruskal-Wallis test was also used to analyze the data with SPSS.

While the majority of the managers (77. 5%) had moderate level of knowledge، 12. 5% had desirable level of knowledge about managerial applications of hospital information system. Pharmacy managers had the greatest and radiology managers had the lowest levels of knowledge.

Educational courses are necessary for better application of hospital information system in all parts of hospitals.

Educational interventions to promote physical activity are one of the health priorities. A theoretical approach to promote and maintain physical activity is the transtheoretical model (TTM). This research was conducted to determine the effects of this model on students'' physical activity habits in 2011.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 students in two groups of intervention and control. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire including personal information، Stages of Exercise Change Questionnaire (SECQ)، Self-Efficacy Scale (SES)، and Decisional Balance Scale (DBS). Educational intervention was carried out with TTM-based group discussions and lectures. The education package included pamphlets، posters، and films. Eight weeks after the last educational session، posttest data was collected. Comparisons between pretest and posttest data were made using the measure of central value، McNemar test، and paired t- test with 95% confidence intervals.

Before the intervention، there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of marital status، mean age، and SECQ scores. After the intervention، SECQ scores of the intervention group progressed toward the active stage (P < 0. 001) while no such statistical difference was detected in the control group. In addition، the intervention significantly increased the scores of DBS and SES and also the amount of physical activity.

It can be concluded that implementing educational interventions based on TTM is an effective strategy for promoting physical activity in college student