جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاست خارجی ترکیه » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Analyzing Turkey's foreign policy positions to the dynamics in Syria is important, considering the strategic importance of the latter country in different dimensions. Turkey’s approaches towards the development of the Syrian civil war have gone through the changing trends since the beginning of Syria conflict in 2011 until today. The article tries to answer the question of what role have the identity notions played in Turkey's foreign policy regarding the Syrian civil war by applying a descriptive-explanatory method and through a constructivist theoretical approach. Beyond the realistic approaches, this paper also tests this hypothesis that Turkey’s foreign policy towards Syria could be explained based on Turkey's identical notions. The research findings show that Turkey's foreign policy towards the Syrian civil war in the regional and international spheres has been shaped by an amalgamation of the country's identical notions such as the nationalist concepts, denying the Kurdish factor, opposing the Islamic resistance and competition with Iran, the identity of Muslim brotherhood and presenting a model of Turkish Islam and finally the concept of Neo-Ottomanism.

The present article seeks to answer the fundamental question of what is the place of the tools of public diplomacy and soft power in formulating the strategy of Iran and Turkey towards Syria and its developments? The hypothesis to answer this question is that Iran has always maintained the tools of public diplomacy based on soft power in its strategy towards Syria; But from 1999 to 2011, Turkey maintained its soft diplomacy based on soft power towards Syria, but with the beginning of the Syrian developments, Syria's strategy gradually turned to a hard power strategy. Because Turkey, according to the doctrine of Ottomanism, sought to expand its strategic depth in the region, and the developments in Syria encouraged Turkey to achieve this goal by establishing the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria and expanding the Brotherhood axis. Therefore, Turkey faced the Assad government in the developments in Syria, and it was natural that the foreign policy strategy of this country would change from soft power to hard power. But Iran seeks to maintain its position in the region and Syria, so it has always expressed its support for the Syrian government and people, and public diplomacy has continued in Iran's strategy towards Syria. Therefore, the developments in Syria have also had a negative impact on Iran-Turkey relations. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method is used to collect data from library and documentary sources and in order to refine and systematize the research findings, the concept of public diplomacy is used.

This paper aims to understand the key variables influencing changes and continuities of Turkish foreign policy in the post- Arab revolutions, in a systematic way. The Arab revolutions, as an exogenous shock by transforming the structure of regional power and identity, providing uncertain opportunities and threats, has severely changed Turkish assertive and soft power-based foreign policy vision. Over the past decade, regional developments have provided space for Turkey to seek a more active and assertive role in the region, though Turkey’s own limitations, policy choices, and regional dynamics have somewhat restricted its ability to do so. This shift has gradually Middle Easternized Turkey’s foreign policy directions. Through the prism of the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), this paper seeks to formulate; what drivers (structural-internal) and how to shape Turkey's assertive and security-based foreign policy behavior in the post- Arab revolutions? To do so, the paper by analyzing the structural and internal determinants in changing Turkey's foreign policy approaches, highlights the role of mediating variables; especially the AKP leaders’ misperception to seize regional leadership, overestimation of their material and discursive capacities, and miscalculations of the shifting Middle East geopolitics and regional rival’s capabilities.

The present article seeks to study Iran's and Turkey's foreign policy approach in the Syrian crisis based on the theory of neo-realism, focusing on its two branches: defensive and aggressive realism. This paper seeks to answer the fundamental question of what factors have influenced the Iranian-Turkish foreign policy approach in the Syrian crisis? The supposition to answer this question is that Iran's foreign policy in the Syrian crisis is based on maintaining Bashar al-Assad, preserving status-quo, fighting terrorist groups, supporting peaceful solutions to the crisis, while Turkey's foreign policy is based on changing status-quo in Syria, By overrule Bashar al-Assad and supporting the terrorist groups and supporting the opponents of Bashar al-Assad. In this paper, from library and documentary reference are utilized with descriptive-analytic research methodology to explaining the subject. In this paper, from library and documentary reference are utilized with descriptive-analytic research methodology to explaining the subject. 

With arrival of Justice and Development Party serious alterations occurred in Turkey's foreign policy and the country's Policy in the Middle East moved towards opposition than cooperation. The changes in Turkey's political and social contexts and the country's emphasis on layers of identity. Brought about ideological tensions that necessitate the investigation of changes in Turkey's identity tenets in the Middle East and it's regional effects. This study argues that Justice and Development Party's application as identity tenets in the Middle East entangles the country in ideological games that it has little in common with; and from another perspective, with a read of Islamism the country enters a rivalry field with Iran and Saudi Arabia each of which represents a part of it's identity (Sunni and Shiite) and from another aspects the two countries have opposite and common benefits. Thus, Turkey's presence in the Middle East brings about more complication in the regional equations and more disagreement in policies; and intensities ideological rivalries. This study was carried and according the Constructivist theory, the research method was descriptive –analytical; and the data were collected through library research.

Syria has been played the role of Iran's entrance to the Arab world and also Iran's strategic connection to the Mediterranean region and the Near East for many years. Therefore, weakening of Syria and overthrowing of Assad regime will lead weakening of resistance axis and also Iran's regional influence. Since beginning of crisis in Syria, Islamic Republic of Iran has supported political system of Syria as main priorities of its foreign policy. Turkey is one of the main regional actors that despite the initial cautious approach in short term in the Syrian crisis, has supported opposition groups through transferring of arms and financial assistance to opponents of Assad follows the policy of regime change. Policies of Turkey towards Syria showed that its policy of zero problems with neighbors has not reached its goals. In other words, Turkey is pursuing its interests and deepening of its strategic influence in post Assad era. Therefore, major difference between the two countries in foreign policy towards Syria is rooted in the difference in attitudes towards future of the region.

A brief look at Turkey's actions in recent years and especially since 2002 (after the rise to power of the Justice and Development Party), clearly shows the changes in Turkish foreign policy.Ankara is on track to achieve improved status in Islam world and international relations and we can see its manifestation in the development of its relations with Islamic countries and the Middle East. This policy is called Neo-Ottomanism. Turkey after decades of one-sided orientation to the West, now adopted a middle ground and more balanced policy toward the Middle East in accordance with its national interests, and expands its relations with the Muslim world and the West. Turkey calls being ranked the world's 10 prime power to 2023 and in recent years the country's efforts to establish balanced relations with world powers, polarization in the Muslim world and settle disputes with its neighbors could be analyzed in this context. This paper attempts to analysis AKP's strategy in foreign policy according to constructivist approach. So, our main question is why was the identity of Neo-Ottomanism the base of Turkish foreign policy? And it is a hypothesis which will follow that Turkey with the aim of restoring its influence in the region and set the political direction and economic development in this area, chose the Neo-Ottomanism identity as its foreign policy.