جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جنسیت » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

This research aims to provide an overview of the intersection between sociological imagination and sports, with a specific focus on highlighting key concepts and identifying research opportunities in this dynamic field. The paper commences by introducing the concept of sociological imagination and its significance in the study of sports. Sociological imagination is defined as the cognitive capacity to comprehend the interconnections between personal experiences and wider social structures. Its application enables a comprehensive analysis of sports by taking into account the social, cultural, economic, and political factors that shape various aspects of sporting practices, experiences, and outcomes.

A thorough literature search was conducted using academic databases, focusing on relevant keywords and selecting studies published in peer-reviewed journals, books, and conference proceedings from 1960 to the present. The selected articles underwent data extraction and analysis, organizing key concepts, theories, and empirical findings thematically. The synthesis of findings was conducted using a narrative review approach, allowing for the integration of diverse perspectives and theoretical frameworks. The integration of findings involved a critical examination of the literature to identify overarching themes, gaps, controversies, and emerging trends. The interpretation and discussion of the synthesized findings provided a comprehensive overview of the role of sociological imagination in understanding various dimensions of sport, including its implications for sports policies, practices, and social change.

Findings revealed that sociological imagination can be effectively applied to analyze the processes of socialization and identity formation in sports. It underscores the significant role of sports in shaping individuals' social skills, values, and identities. Furthermore, the influence of sports experiences on individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors is highlighted, emphasizing the substantial impact of sports on forming identities and values. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the importance of considering social factors when analyzing sports. It investigates the existence of social inequalities within the sporting realm, particularly focusing on disparities in opportunities and resources. The examination of race, gender, and social class in sports participation demonstrates how these intersecting social categories influence individuals' access to sports and their prospects of achieving success. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of sports as a platform for social change and resistance. It explores the role of activism and protests within the sporting world, illustrating how athletes utilize their platforms to challenge discrimination and advocate for social justice. Notably, the article provides concrete examples of social change facilitated through sports, demonstrating how sports can serve as a potent tool for raising awareness, challenging social norms, and promoting inclusivity and equity.

This research paper emphasizes the significance of applying sociological imagination to the analysis of sports. By utilizing this approach, a comprehensive understanding of the social dynamics within sports is achieved, encompassing crucial aspects such as socialization processes, identity formation, social inequalities, and the potential for social change. The findings underscore the importance of considering social factors in sports analysis, recognizing the role of sports in shaping individuals' social skills, values, and identities. Moreover, this study identifies several areas that warrant further research. The exploration of intersectionality in sports, considering the overlapping influences of race, gender, social class, and other social categories, offers a promising avenue for deeper analysis. Additionally, the examination of the role of technology and digital media in sports, as well as the impact of sports on globalization, health inequalities, sports governance and policy, and sports as a platform for social change and resistance, present fertile ground for future investigations. By embracing sociological imagination, researchers can contribute to a more profound understanding of sports as a complex social phenomenon. Furthermore, it enables the identification and examination of social issues and power dynamics within sporting environments, paving the way for the creation of more inclusive, equitable, and socially conscious practices within the realm of sports.

The importance of effective management of female athletes' bodies has made the need to identify the influential variables more important than ever. Considering the significant functions of media consumption patterns, the present research was designed and conducted to investigate the impact of media consumption patterns on the effective management of female athletes' bodies. This research is of an applied nature and was conducted in the field. The research method used was survey-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of female athletes at the professional sports level for whom precise information on their numbers was not available. Based on the Cochran formula, in the absence of information about the population, a sample of 384 individuals was determined for the research. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on theoretical foundations and expert opinions. This questionnaire consisted of 18 questions, with 8 questions focusing on media consumption patterns and 10 questions on effective body management. The data analysis of the present research was performed using the structural equation modeling method. All data analysis processes were conducted using SPSS and PLS software. The research results indicated that media consumption patterns have a significant impact of 0.744 on the effective management of female athletes' bodies, which is statistically significant at the level of 0.21. In other words, attention to media consumption patterns can lead to the enhancement of effective body management for female athletes. Various studies have addressed this issue in different research contexts.

Identifying the impact of advertising practices on perceptions and behavioral responses to the purchase of men and women has become an important issue in marketing science. This can be very effective in the advertising industry of sports goods. To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate the difference between the effect of advertising on male and female athletes on the level of desire to buy sporting goods.

This research was semi-experimental and used the standard questionnaire of experience, trust and attractiveness of famous people in Ohanian advertisements (1990) and the standard questionnaire of brand-product enthusiasm, Zichkowski model (1985). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha method (α = 0.90) and (α = 0.93) was confirmed. The statistical sample of this study included 60 students of physical education in Kermanshah Azad University. The data were first collected using descriptive statistics and analyzed using SPSS23 software and statistical methods of dependent sample and Cohen's d-test.

The results showed that the use of male athletes in sports advertising has a more positive effect on people's desire to buy. Also, women are more likely to buy sporting goods under the influence of advertising, attitudes and desires.

The effect of advertising on men and women is different. However, this effect is greater in the group of women because women are better listeners and are more exposed to the change of opinion caused by the effect of advertisements

Purpos:

Tourism is the biggest industry in the world and sports is also one of the biggest and most important industries in today's world. The aim of this peresent study was Explaining the components of the sports tourism development model: the sociological landscape approach of Isfahan city.

The current research is survey type and practical in terms of purpose. The data collection method in this research is field type. The statistical population included sports tourists, sports managers of Isfahan city and sports management professors in the number of 500 people. Delphi technique was used to prepare and compile the questionnaire. The researcher's questionnaire was based on the dimensions of sports tourism. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used in two separate sections to analyze the statistical information of the findings. To investigate the interactive effect of demographic characteristics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to establish a relationship between dependent and independent variables and to present the model (Amos).

According to the results, it can be said that every economic activity in the tourism industry, the destinations must have a detailed knowledge of the market they are facing and the audience and products, and has analyzed the tourism market.

Counclusion:

In general, it should be acknowledged that by focusing on the views and interests of sports tourists and determining the target market for them with appropriate advertising and information about the Isfahan sports tourism market, creating transportation facilities and a suitable transportation system, social stability , improving the health and service situation, creating welfare and accommodation facilities and welcoming tourists and attending stadiums. In order to achieve this issue successfully, it is necessary to combine the perspective of politics, planning, sports management, control and supervisory processes and coherent social learning of Isfahan city, which this active participation can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of sports in the field of tourism and its sustainable development. to create On the other hand, market segmentation is predicted with the assumption that each market is made up of groups or segments with almost different demands and needs. It can be said that tourism marketing is of special importance; Because if marketing is considered a management process, all planning activities, provision of tourism products and attraction of tourists need marketing operations and activities.

Sport is an important part of students' life. The social development of athletes could be different based on their gender and type of sport. The present study aimed to compare the social development of athletes (team and individual sports disciplines) and non-athlete students of Farhangian University.

In a descriptive cross-sectional survey research, 2000 male and female students of Farhangian University of Mazandaran province were recruited as a statistical population. 300 students were selected using the cluster random sampling method. Witsman's Social Development Questionnaire (1990) was used as the research instrument.  To analyze the data, a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used.

Based on the results of the two-way analysis of variance, significant results were found for the main effect of gender and group variables. However, the interaction effect of group and gender was not significant. The social development of female students was higher compared with male students. Based on the results of Tukey's post hoc test, athletes had significantly higher social development than non-athletes. Although the social development of athletes in individual sport discipline had a higher mean than the team athletes, the difference was not significant.

Considering the higher social development of athletes compared with non-athletes and also, almost identical social development scores for both groups of athletes (team and individual sports disciplines), it is suggested that coaches foster a supportive environment by emphasizing the importance of equality of each athlete to provide the basis for social development among all people.

The aim of this study was to analyze the gender factor in the effectiveness of advertising using sports on social networks (case study: Instagram) with emphasis on the role of attitude in the effectiveness of advertising and the role of gender in moderating the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The statistical population of the study was users of Instagram sport pages, and users of posterfootball, posterfutball, akhbare_perspolis, chejazab, science.base.fit and faculty.of.sport.sciences were selected as the available sample. This research is a descriptive- correlational kind and statistical analysis was performed based on 260 questionnaires using Smart PLS software. The confirmatory factor analysis method was used to determine the validity of the instrument's structure, also Cronbach's alpha and Composite reliability coefficient were used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire. The model of this study includes eight independent components (entertainment, informativeness, peer influence, self-brand congruity, invasiveness, privacy concern, quality of life, and structure time) whose relationship with attitudes toward social media advertising was evaluated. The results revealed that among independent factors, invasiveness and self-brand congruity were meaningful commonly between males and females. Also, informativeness among females, and entertainment and peer influence among males were meaningfully related to attitude.

Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to represent and analyze gender-dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach.

The current research was qualitative and used a thematic analysis method. Therefore, 150 valid research articles were analyzed and coded based on conceptual commonality and purposive sampling techniques. The textual data with these samples continued until the researcher reached the theoretical saturation stage. The research data were classified in the form of analysis of the topics related to the discourses. In general, from 11 basic (main) themes, 3 organizing themes and finally a semantic theme were extracted, which draws and analyzes the network of themes related to gender dominant discourses in women's sports. The research validation method was also applied based on the presentation and feedback of the research results to the experts for its final approval.

Based on the theme analysis of the research data, three basic themes including the domination of gender norms in sports, media representation of women's sports and gender discrimination in sports were identified, which were able to represent the central theme of gender dominant discourses in women's sports. In a general view, all of the themes extracted at the middle level and the basic concepts at the micro level were all related and there was a close relationship between these categories for drawing gender discourses in women's sports. Based on the network of drawn themes, it can be concluded that the sum of these themes can well represent the semantic theme.

Based on three basic themes, the change in the roles, attitudes and beliefs of the society towards women's sports can change the dominance of gender norms in sports; Quantitative and qualitative representation of women's sports in the media and social media to make appropriate objectification of women's participation; And finally, the establishment of gender equality in rights and benefits, resources, education and management can lead to a better understanding of women's sports and, as a result, create policies and strategic plans in this field.

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of kinship on the organizational performance with the mediating role of human resource management in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The present work was a descriptive survey based on the structural equation modeling. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there was a highly positive and significant correlation between all the variables. Also, the results of the structural equation analysis showed that all the proposed research paths had a significant effect. Therefore, by preventing nepotism and partisanship, the conditions could be created to attract the committed employees

Although motor development is influenced by development and maturity, environmental conditions affect it. The purpose of this study was to compare the loco Motor Skills of children aged 7 to 9 years with emphasis on geographical location and gender Factors. The statistical population consisted of children from the centers of Tehran, Lorestan, Khuzestan and Kurdistan provinces with a sample size of 240 (120 girls, 120 boys). Ulrich motor development Test (2015) was used to measure loco motor skills, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data using SPSS 22 software.The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the main effect of city and the interaction of city and gender were significant in displacement skills (P = 0.001). In boys galloping skills in Sanandaj City, they gained more points than girl children (P = 0.001). In hopping, male children performed better in Tehran (P = 0.001, F-19/01) and Ahvaz city (P = 0.001), In the slaiding component of male children in Ahvaz city they received more points than female children (P = 0.001). Also in the total score of displacement Khoramabad city children score was significantly higher than Ahvaz children (P = 0.001) and children of Sanandaj City gained more points than Khoramabad and tahran children (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the other citys. According to the findings, it seems that geographical location has different effects on the development of movement patterns of boys and girls.

It is the basis of every human being's progress in learning, which is in fact one of the most difficult concepts to define. In a successful educational system, students' learning style is always considered as one of the factors affecting academic achievement. Knowledge of students' learning style helps teachers to make optimal use of various learning styles and adopt appropriate teaching methods.The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between learning styles and cognitive styles among male and female students with the moderating effect of academic levels and gender. For this purpose, 350 undergraduate and graduate students were selected by cluster random sampling method and completed questionnaires of Kolbe's learning styles (1985) and Whitkin's cognitive styles (1971). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that there is no significant correlation between cognitive styles and variables related to learning styles. Also, there was no significant correlation between age and cognitive styles and variables of learning styles, except in active experiments. However, there was a significant correlation between learning styles. The results of group differences showed that undergraduate students tend to be more dependent on the cognitive style than those of masters and boys. There was no statistically significant difference between educational levels and gender in learning styles. Undergraduate students are more inclined toward contextual cognitive styles than graduate students and boys than girls, and style and gender seem to interact with preferences.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of type of behavioral brain system on athletic and non-athletic psychological health. Participants included 312 boys and girls aged between 18 and 37 years old. After examining the type of personality and gender system and considering the level of activity in 8 groups. Multivariate analysis of variance analysis showed that participants with behavioral activation system had depression, anxiety and stress less than participants with behavioral inhibition system (p <0.05). Boys had higher psychological health than girls (p <0.05). Non-athlete girls with behavioral inhibition system had the highest rates of depression, anxiety and stress and boys and girls with behavioral activation system had the lowest level of depression, anxiety and stress (p <0.05). As a result, it can be stated that exercise and behavioral activating personality system make boys and girls more psychologically healthy.

Self-talk is one of the psychological factors influencing the improvement and success of motor performance. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of motivational self-talk on bimanual coordination of university students. 24 students of physical education (12 females and 12 males, mean age = 22.62 and SD = 2.081) were selected by convenience sampling method. After the pretest, subjects were divided into two homogeneous groups of motivational self-talk and no self-talk using bimanual coordination tester. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics including independent t test and paired t test were used at 0.05 significance level. Results showed that self-talk improved the coordination performance significantly (p < 0.05). Also, the female group had a significantly better precision in bimanual coordination (p < 0.05) and the male group had a significantly better speed in bimanual coordination (p < 0.05). But, there was a significant difference between boys and girls in self-talk group in the posttest (p < 0.05). According to these findings, it is suggested that motivational self-talk should be used to improve and promote bimanual coordination performance.

 Bilateral coordination skills are one of the key factors in performing simple to skillful sports task, so far the differences between ball and non-ball fields have not been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences in asymmetric bilateral coordination between male and female athletes in ballplayers and non-ballplayers.

 The samples of this study were randomly selected from the young girls and boys (Mean±SD of age 26.00±4.50) in ball fields (14) and non-ball fields (16) of the Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Tehran. All subjects had complete visual acuity and the consent form of the research. The instrument of Vienna was used to measure peripheral visual.

 The statistical results of MANOVA test showed that there is significant difference in asymmetrical bilateral coordination between ballplayers and non-ballplayers and girls and boys (P≥0.05).

 The results of this study showed that asymmetric bilateral coordination performing in ball players had better than non-ball players and girls than boys. According the importance of bimanual coordination skills in the implementation of championship sports, as well as considering gender differences and the positive impact of ball exercises on ball coordination, sports coaches can provide training, especially at a younger age, to facilitate learning of this fundamental skill.

Due to the importance of understanding the diverse motivations of sports tourists, this study aimed to investigate the moderator role of gender in the relationships between motivations and enduring involvement of tourists in adventure sports activities. The research method was descriptive - correlational and has been done by structural equation modeling approach. Using sample size software based on the statistical power of 0.80, and the alpha level of 0.01, the population of this study, 325 sports tourists in Ramsar city was selected by simple random sampling method. In the present study to evaluate each of the variables (motivations and enduring involvement) by questionnaire from Beckman's dissertation (2013) was used that its face and content validity was approved after a three-stage translation confirmed by 6 marketing and sports tourism experts. In addition, composite reliability indices, Cronbach's alpha, Fornel and Larker criteria and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) were used to assess the reliability of questionnaires, internal consistency of questions, divergent and convergent validity for each of the factors respectively. Based on findings from among the dimensions considered in explaining the motivations of sports tourists on their enduring involvement, with the moderator role of gender, the only hypothesis of the effect of nature factor on tourists' self-expression was not approved in both groups (male and female). Therefore, to marketers and officials of sports and recreational centers, it is recommended in order to attract more sports tourists, in their services, consider the diversity of motivations for male and female tourists.

Men and women have significant differences in performance indicators and their response to exercise stress. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in the process of angiogenesis and is one of the factors promoting aerobic capacity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender in serum VEGF levels and its response to exercise. For this purpose 11 non- athletes male and 11 non- athletes Female (23/8 , 22/63 years) Were selected  and performed a single bout of progressive aerobic exercise. Blood samples was collected before, immediately and 2 hours post exercise and serum VEGF levels were measured by ELISA kit. ANOVA test (Repeated Measures) and independent t test were used to data analysis. The results showed that the serum VEGF level of women at rest was significantly higher than men  (P = 0.002), while this difference was not observed immediately (P = 0.052) and two hours after exercise (P = 0.07).  According to the findings of the present study, it seems that at rest, women have a higher level of vascular endothelial growth factor than men but in response to exercise stress men experience greater increase in serum VEGF.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of colors and gender on the Coincidence anticipation timing task. Therefore 60 participants aged 8 to 10 years randomly into two groups (30 males and 30 females) participated and timing error was recorded by a coincidence-anticipation apparatus. For data analysis independent t-test,ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used at the significant level of 0/05. Findings suggested no significant difference between boys and girls in coincidence anticipation timing task (p=0/289) and the lowest timing error in a blue background and also significant difference timing errors were observed between the blue background, with other color (P=0/001 and F(2,59)=22/17). The results of this study indicate that gender does not affect on the Coincidence anticipation timing task and the performance in background color blue can reduce timing errors in predicting the spatial and temporal stimuli. In genral the results of this study indicated that gender didn,t affect the Coincidence anticipation timing task and the blue background color would facilitate the performance and effectiveon reduce errors timing in stimuli predicting spatially and temporally. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of colors and gender on the Coincidence anticipation timing task. Therefore 60 participants aged 8 to 10 years randomly into two groups (30 males and 30 females) participated and timing error was recorded by a coincidence-anticipation apparatus.

The effect of gender on related-exercise apoptosis is unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gender on the p53 level, as apoptosis marker, after downhill running in non-athletes.

Eighteen individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 years were randomly selected and divided into 9 groups (9 males and 9 females). Subjects performed downhill running (12% incline) at 70% of HRmax for 40 min and blood samples were taken before exercise and immidatly after exercise. Blood samples were assayed for serum level of p53.

The results showed that p53 was significantly increased after running downhill compared to pre-test in both male and female groups, but this increase was not significantly different between the two groups of men and women.

Although more research is needed, we showed that gender was not found to play an important role in apoptosis response to downhill running in non-athletes.

Athletes' moralism in sports fields is one of the important issues in every society. The aim of this research was analyzing the ethical attitudes of athlete students: The role of religiosity, gender and type of sport. The research method was descriptive and correlation kind that was conducted as survey. The statistical population of research was Male and Female Athletes of the 14th National Student Sport Olympiad that held in Shiraz in 2018. Statistical population size was 4100 members. According to the sample size determination formula in analytical research, the sample size was estimated at 194 people and after collecting data, 196 full questionnaires were returned and the same number was selected as the statistical sample of the study. Sampling method was available. The research tool was the Lawrence Questionnaire (2013) which after translation and localization, formal and content validity of its was approved by ten sports management professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of ethical attitude questionnaire was 0.73 and Religiosity questionnaire was 0.74 which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for describing demographic features and in section of inferential statistics; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that athletes' ethical attitudes were not significantly different based on gender and type of sport, but in the component of honesty, there was a significant difference based on gender and type of sport. In the justice component there was also a significant difference based on type of sport. Also, the results showed that religiosity has a significant effect on all components of ethical attitude of athlete students. Based on the results of the research model, it can be concluded that religiosity is an effective and educative factor for creating ethical attitudes in athletes

Peripheral visual perception is a concept of cognitive-perceptual processes, which, although it is referred to in the ballfields, has not yet been studied in the non-ballfields and the examination of gender differences is also a challenge to be addressed. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the peripheral visual perception of ballplayers and non-ballplayers. The samples of this study were randomly selected from the young girls and boys (average and standard deviation 26±4.5 age) in ball fields (14) and non-ball fields (16) of the Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Tehran. All subjects had complete visual acuity and the consent form of the research. The instrument of Vienna was used to measure peripheral visual. The statistical results of MANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference in the peripheral visual perception between ballplayers and non-ballplayers in girls and boys (P≤0.05). In general, this research showed that the type of exercise (ball and non-ball) and gender cannot be a factor in the superiority of peripheral perception, and although the importance of peripheral perceptual skill in ball exercises has been shown in research, this skill is also very important in non-ball exercises.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teaching the Quranic stories through the community of inquiry method on the moral judgment of students. The research method was semi-experimental by pretest-posttest with unequal control group design. A sample of 120 students was selected from the statistical population of the male and female students of the sixth grade of primary schools in Hamedan during the academic year of 2017-18. They were selected by multi-stage random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups were replaced. For data collection, the Moral Judgment Test of Sinha and Varma (1998) was used in the pretest and post-test. The experimental group received a course of teaching Quranic stories during 2.5 months in 10 ninety-minute sessions. The text book was the collection of stories from the prophets and great religious men from Sayegostar publication. The course was not provided for the education control group. To analyze the data, multivariate and simple covariance analysis was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24 software. The results showed that the mean scores of moral judgment and its components among the students of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. Therefore, the research hypothesis was confirmed. Also, the results showed that the gender and interactive effect of education on students' moral judgment scores was not significant. Therefore, it can be said that teaching the Quranic stories by method of the community of inquiry have a similar effect on the moral judgment of male and female students. Thus, it can be concluded that the teaching of Quranic stories through the method of the community of inquiry can be used to enhance the moral judgment of male and female students.