جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نیشکر » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Sugarcane, an important crop in sugar production in the country, is widely produced in Khuzestan province. After harvesting the sugarcane and when delivered to the sugar factory, the cane is shredded. In this study, for measurement of sucrose concentration in shredded cane, the dielectric spectroscopy technique in the frequency range of 0-100 MHz was evaluated using a cylindrical parallel-plate sensor with compaction of the shredded cane. 55 samples of shredded cane were taken from the sugar production line of Salman Farsi factory during the harvesting season of 2021-2022 and their reference properties including sugar concentration with three indicators of Brix using refractometry method, Pol using simple polarimetry method and the sucrose measured using double polarimetry were measured. The samples were subjected to dielectric spectroscopy using the capacitance sensor and the dielectric spectra were analyzed for sugar concentration prediction. Multivariate regression analyses of partial least-sugare regresseion (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR) and support vector regression (SVR) were applied for development of prediction models of sugar concentration variables. Validation of the prediction model of PLSR showed a stronger prediction of sucrose (R2= 0.79, RMSE= 0.89, RPD= 2.22) measured using the double-polarimetry as compared to Pol (R2= 0.76, RMSE= 0.8, RPD= 2.07) and Brix (R2= 0.77, RMSE= 0.89, RPD= 2). This result was explained with higher number of OH groups of sucrose molecule as compared to the other sugars existing in the sugarcane juice and the dominant effect of sucrose on the dielectric characteristics of the juice. With optimization and improvement of the accuracy of this method, a simple and cost-effective instrument can be developed for use in sugar industries.

Agricultural effluents contain nutrients such as phosphates, nitrates and ammonia, which cause surface and underground water pollution. By absorbing these nutrients, freshwater algae such as Spirulina can play an important role in reducing these types of pollutants. On the other hand, this type of wastewater, having nutrients, can be used as an alternative and cheap substrate for algae cultivation. Five concentrations of diluted sugarcane effluent (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were prepared with Zarrouk’s medium and the growth rate, photosynthetic pigments, and the amount of some mineral substances, protein, and fat composition were evaluated. In high concentrations of wastewater (75 and 100% wastewater treatment), a very good growth of Spirulina was observed.The amount of chlorophyll a in the treatment of 100% of wastewater showed a significant increase compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). The maximum amount of total carotenoids in the treatment of 50% of the Zarrouk’s medium was obtained at the rate of 1559 ± 226 mg/liter, which was more than 2 times the amount of total carotenoids in the control treatment. The maximum amount of total carotenoid in the treatment of 50% of Zarrouk’s medium was 1559 ± 226 mg/liter, which was more than 2 times the amount of total carotenoid in the control treatment.In addition, the produced algae can be used as livestock and aquatic food.

Soil aggregate stability is a crucial indicator for evaluating soil structure, quality, and health. This index affects the physical and hydrological functions of the soil, which, in turn, depend on plant primary production and the capacity of organic carbon decomposition. Soil organic carbon plays a positive role in the formation and stability of soil aggregates. Soil organic carbon (SOC) causes a rapid decrease in water penetration into soil aggregates by creating a water-repellent coating around them and increases their stability against instant wetting stress. Land use and management, including cultivation systems and tillage methods, have an important impact on the stability and size distribution of soil aggregates. Mechanized sugarcane cultivation has a long history in Khuzestan province, particularly in Haft Tepe sugarcane cultivation and industry. Haft Tepe Agriculture is the first sugar production unit in Iran. Despite the increase in the use of chemical fertilizers, the yield of sugarcane crops has been decreasing due to the destruction of the physical properties of the soil. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different sugarcane cultivation systems on soil physicochemical-biological properties and soil stability indices in parts of Khuzestan province.

Soils were sampled from the surface of five farms in the Haft Tepe sugarcane cultivation complex located in the northwest of Khuzestan province. The farms included single-row, new planting cultivation (S-P); single-row, third ratoon cultivation (S-R3); double rows, new planting cultivation (D-P); double rows, first ratoon cultivation (D-R1); and uncultivated land (barren) that had been left unused for a long time. Soil organic carbon content, active carbon content, basal respiration, induced respiration, water-stable aggregates, and aggregate organic carbon fractions were measured in the sampled soil. Mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates were also calculated.

The study found that the organic C content was highest in the double-rows+new planting (D-P) method and lowest in uncultivated land (0.95% and 0.12%, respectively). The increase in plant density, biomass, and plant residue addition in D-P cultivation has led to an improvement in SOC content. The higher SOC content in cultivated lands compared to uncultivated land indicates the positive effect of many years of cultivation and irrigation. Among the different cultivations, double-row new planting (D-P) cultivation had significantly higher active carbon. In D-R1 cultivation, returning plant residues to the soil increased the SOC (0.59%) and active carbon content. The burning of sugarcane plant residues during harvesting and land preparation for new sugarcane cultivation in S-P fields appears to have led to a decrease in active carbon. Basal respiration and induced respiration values were significantly higher in single-row, third ratoon (S-R3) and double-row, new planting (D-P) cultivations, respectively. In S-R3 cultivation, the older plants and increased root biomass provided more rhizospheric organic C for microorganisms, resulting in higher microbial activity and respiration.   Microorganisms transform and decompose soil organic matter, which is a source of energy for their metabolic processes. Therefore, there is a close relationship between organic matter and soil microorganisms. Lower basal respiration in newly planted lands may be due to the process of land preparation for cultivation. Additionally, single-row new-planted farms had a clayey texture, which could reduce soil respiration. In general, the recycling of organic matter and microbial activity is lower in fine-textured soils compared to coarse-textured soils. The highest MWD and GMD were found in single-row, third ratoon (S-R3) and single-row, new planting (D-P) cultivations. The uncultivated land had the lowest MWD and GMD, indicating unstable soil structure due to low SOC content. The lower MWD observed in S-P cultivation could be related to tillage and hilling up operations. S-R3 cultivation had more plant residues compared to other cultures. Higher plant ages and increased root biomass and rhizodeposits led to an increase in soil aggregate formation and stability. Soil tillage, which reduces soil organic carbon, can decrease the stability of soil aggregates and structure. The S-P and D-P cultivations had the highest value of coarse aggregates (larger than 2 mm) and fine aggregates (0.53-2 mm). The highest amount of medium aggregates were observed in S-P, D-P, and D-R1 cultivations. Agricultural operations can break large soil aggregates into smaller ones, while low SOC content and burning of sugarcane residues can reduce the formation of large aggregates. The study found statistically significant differences in the OC content of aggregates among the different cultivations. The highest content of aggregates OC was found in coarse aggregates (0.25-2.0 mm) of D-R1, D-P, and S-P cultivations.

This study investigates the impact of mechanized and long-term sugarcane cultivation on the physical and biological properties of soil. Overall, the water stable aggregates and MWD were found to be unsuitable in some of the studied fields due to the low amount of SOC. This is primarily caused by the annual burning of sugarcane residue. Therefore, returning plant residues after harvesting is suggested as a significant solution to improve problems related to compaction, soil instability, and their harmful consequences.

Sugarcane has a vegetative stage sensitive to weed competition, which is about three to six weeks from the time of planting in the hot season. Weed control is very necessary at the beginning of the sugarcane growing season before the sugarcane canopy closes. In order to investigate the density, dry weight and EWRC index of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds after using pendimethalin EC 33% (Titan) herbicide pre-emergence with the aim of establishing rotation in the use of herbicides in sugarcane fields, An experiment was conducted in 2022-2023, it was conducted in the Dehkhoda Sugarcane Agro-Industry Company in Ahvaz city of Khuzestan province, in the form of a randomized complete block design. In the experiment, checking the traits including the average density and dry weight of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds in five square meters, and the EWRC index of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds on 20/2/2023 and 31/3/2023. Spraying experiments were carried out with six treatments and three replications. The treatments of the experiment include control (without spraying), Pendimethalin 4 lit/ha, Pendimethalin 3 lit/ha, Pendimethalin 3.5 lit/ha, Pendimethalin 3 lit/ha + metribuzin 1 kg/ha, Atrazine 2 kg/ha + metribuzin 2 kg/ha (Conventional field spraying).The results showed that different treatments had a significant effect on the measured traits at the probability level of 1%. According to the total results and also the necessity of herbicide use rotation, the use of Titan herbicide with a dose of 3.5 to 4 liters per hectare is recommended, especially in late harvest fields.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the sugarcane production based on exergy and energy cumulative consumption indicators and environmental evaluation of using life cycle assessment.

Data of sugarcane production were collected from the Mirza Kochak Khan agro-industry in Khuzestan province. All energy inputs used in the production of sugarcane in Plant and Raton farms were calculated.

Subsoiling, harvesting, laser leveling and deep plowing with moldboard plow had the highest cumulative exergy consumption. Total cumulative energy and exergy consumption were obtained as 86.44 and 49.86 GJ per hectare, respectively. Cumulative degree of perfection and renewable index of sugar cane production process were obtained 6.16 and 0.84 respectively. The findings showed that in terms of energy, sugarcane production is a system with negative cumulative energy and in terms of cumulative exergy, it is a positive system. Electricity is the most consumed energy and diesel fuel is the most consumed exergy in sugarcane production. The life cycle assessment shows that the greatest environmental impact of sugarcane production is related to FWA and MAE groups, respectively, with emissionon the farm having the greatest environmental impact with 62.30%.

Sugarcane production is a relatively renewable process that improving the management of chemical fertilizers and irrigation water and replacing non-renewable energy sources with renewable sources for electricity production increases the exergy efficiency and renewability of the sugarcane production process and reduces the effects of environmental groups.

By using the temperature of the canopy cover of the plant, a practical parameter called the crop water stress index (CWSI), it was determined that this index is one of the methods of checking the water requirement of the plant and it can be considered as a suitable tool for irrigation management in the field. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of determining the water stress index of sugarcane in two methods of surface irrigation (CI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) at research station number one of Khuzestan Research and Training Institute for Development of Sugarcane and Related Industries, in June 2022. The fields included the third field culture (Ratoon 3), of the CP69-1062 variety, and were selected with four repetitions in both methods. First, the equation of upper and lower base lines for the surface irrigation method was determined as (Tc-Ta)ul=1.7 and (Tc-Ta)=-0.09VPD+1.27, respectively. Then, using the equations of the lines based on the surface irrigation method, the average of crop water stress index for subsurface drip irrigation method and surface irrigation was calculated as 0.28 and 0.66, respectively, and the equation was presented according to the irrigation scheduling of the Sugarcane in June.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the factors of sugarcane production (inputs: physical-consumption) and optimization of energy consumption for sugarcane production using a data envelopment analysis in Khuzestan province, Amirkabir Agro-industrial Company Unit. The necessary information to conduct this study was collected from Agro-industrial of sugarcane Amirkabir experts through face-to-face interviews and questionnaire completion. According to the results, of the total energy consumed in production, the energy of cuttings and chemical fertilizers had the largest share among the consumed inputs with 59 and 16 (%), respectively. Biocides 3.15 (%), agricultural machines 1.09 (%) and human labor 0.06 (%) were the least energy-consuming inputs among other sugarcane production inputs. According to the results obtained from this research, it was found that two inputs sugarcane cuttings and chemical fertilizer have the highest amount of consumption among all the inputs for production. Also, the results of data coverage analysis showed that nitrogen fertilizer and human labor had the largest share of stored energy with 42 and 60.31 (%). The lowest share of energy stored in production belonged to chemical pesticides and phosphorus fertilizer, respectively. The results showed that reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers and diesel fuel is important for energy storage and reducing the problem of environmental risk in the region. Saving in diesel fuel is possible by improving the performance of the irrigation pump and using new tractors and soil analysis to improve the use of chemical fertilizers.

One of the strategies of using low-soluble P farctions in the soil is selection and cultivation of plants and varieties with high P uptake efficiency. According to the necessity of P uptake efficiency and effective mechanisms in commercial varieties of sugarcane knowledge, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse condition in Hakim Farabi Agro-Industry CO.. The treatments were P fertilizer (including: blank (P0), 125 (P50) and 250 (P100) kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate) and varieties of sugarcane (including: CP57-614, CP69-1062 and CP48-103) in three sampling times (including: 45, 90 and 130 days after planting) with three replications in factorial based on completely randomized design. In this study, P uptake, root length, specific root length, root to shoot ratio and P influx were evaluated at each sampling time. In low available P condition, the CP48 and the CP57 varieties able to uptake more P and then considered as efficient P varieties. However, CP69 has less ability to uptake of P in this condition. In this condition, CP48 variety, P uptake was increased by 13% and 45% compared to CP57 and CP69 varieties respectively. However, CP57 showed enhancement of P uptake up to 29% compared to CP69 variety. Phosphorus influx decreased in CP57 and CP69 varieties by 53% and 67% respectively with aging of sugarcane that the greatest decrease of influx was observed in CP69 variety. In the CP48 variety, P influx increased up to 66%, which can be an effective factor in more P uptake. Therefore, these differences in the ability of P uptake in sugarcane varieties and mechanisms affecting P uptake can improve the management of P fertilizer consumption especially in ratoon.

The aim of this research was to optimize the formulation of a functional drink based on sugarcane juice using the response surface method (RSM) and in the form of Box Benken design. The ingredients used in the formulation were lemon juice (0.3, 6), turmeric (0.6, 0.3) and mint extract (0, 250, 500) in percentage and their physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, soluble solids, turbidity, color, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity) and sensory characteristics were investigated. The results showed that increasing the amount of lemon juice increased acidity, turbidity, L index, b index, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and overall acceptance, but decreased pH, soluble solids and a index. The increase of turmeric caused a slight increase in the amount of soluble solids, b index and total phenolic compounds, while it decreased the antioxidant property and overall acceptance of the samples. With the increase in the amount of mint extract, turbidity, a and b indices, phenolic compounds and overall acceptance increased, but the amount of soluble solids and L index decreased. Finally, the optimization results showed that the sugarcane juice drink containing lemon juice (6%), turmeric (0.2%) and mint extract (418%) had the best physicochemical properties and the highest overall acceptance and can be recommended as a healthy drink in the industry.

Sugarcane is one of the strategic products of Khuzestan province, which is cultivated in 10 active agro-industrial sites and covers an area of about 110,000 hectares of irrigated farms in the province. Sugarcane harvesting, like most crops, is done by special sugarcane harvesters. Due to the life of machines and also the amount of heavy machine operations in each season of sugarcane harvest, the loss is inevitable. On the other hand, in Khuzestan province, due to lack of studies, there is little information in this area. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the extent of losses during sugarcane harvesting operations, taking into account factors such as cultivars, age of sugarcane, and reaping speed of the Astaf 7000 model. The study will be conducted at the sugarcane agro-industrial site of Dehkhoda in 2021.

The experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor included four levels of cultivars (IRC-12, CP48-103, CP 73-21, and CP69-1062), the second factor included three levels of harvest age (plant, Ratoon 1, Ratoon 2), and the third factor included three levels of speed (3, 5, and 7 km h-1). Sampling was carried out under the same and constant conditions with respect to soil moisture content, harvester operator, harvester characteristics, harvester settings, and crop density in each field.

The results of analysis of variance of the data obtained from measuring sugarcane losses showed that the effect of cultivar on yield, full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane and splinter sugarcane had a significant effect at a probability level of one percent. The effect of age had a significant effect on yield, full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane with a probability level of one percent, but had no significant effect on the amount of splinter sugarcane. The interaction between cultivar and age had a significant effect on yield, chopped sugarcane, and full-length sugarcane with a probability level of one percent and on splinter sugarcane with a probability level of five percent. The effect of machine speed had a significant effect on full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane and splinter sugarcane with a probability level of one percent, but had no significant effect on yield. The interaction of cultivar and machine speed had a significant effect on yield, full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane and splinter sugarcane with a probability level of one percent. The interaction effect of age and machine speed on yield had a significant effect on full-length sugarcane and splinter sugarcane with a probability level of one percent and on the amount of splinter sugarcane with a probability level of five but had no significant effect on yield. Also, the interaction of cultivar, age and machine speed had a significant effect on yield, full-length sugarcane and chopped sugarcane with a probability level of one percent, but had no significant effect on the amount of splinter sugarcane. The results showed that the highest yield in CP69-1062 variety was observed in the plant farm with average machine speed (144.33 tons per hectare). Also, the highest amount of sugarcane losses in cultivar CP48-103 in Raton II and with 7 km h-1 machine speed (3.32 tons per hectare), the highest amount of chopped sugarcane losses in cultivar CP48-103 in plant farm and with average speed (1.78 tons per hectare) was observed. According to the results under the interaction of cultivar and device speed, the highest amount of sugarcane losses in CP69-1062 cultivar and high speed (0.314 tons per hectare) as well as IRC-12 cultivar and high speed (0.308 tons in Hectares), and under the interaction of farm age and speed of the harvester, the highest amount of sugarcane losses was observed in Ratoon farm and the high speed of the harvester (0.300 tons per hectare).

Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of losses in sugarcane fields, it is recommended to use resistant and somewhat later cultivars for cultivation, because early cultivars are more fragile during harvest due to stem fragility and the rate of losses increases. Also, Harvester speed optimization reduces the amount of losses, and due to the increase in the rate of losses in reclaimed farms, it is recommended to create more resistant stem tissue by proper plant nutrition and more care to reduce the rate of losses in ratoon farms.

Population of the world is growing day by day, this will create a situation in which that the water natural resources is becoming limited. According to the classification of the International water Management Institute (IWMI), Iran is one of those countries which by the year 2025 will face a deep major water deficit.There fore, it is clear for us that we must keep in our mind, to use the water natural resources in the best possible manner. Sugarcane is one of the major crops of the tropical and semitropical climatical areas which it has been cultivated in the province of Khouzestan since the ancient times. high share of water use efficiency specially during the warm season growth in this area. The irrigation system for sugarcane crop in this study was the furrow irrigation system. This research project was conducted to varity the effectiveness of the shape furrow irrigation method for the application efficiency of the sugarcane plantations in the province of Khouzestan and the Karun Agro-Industry, Inc with three different treatment depths of 30 Cm, 22 Cm, and 16 Cm respectively, and with three replications to study the above mentioned subject. The three different above mentioned treatments had been shown by the letters A,B,C .For making these furrows for treatments A,B we had used bulldozer (with rotary chain – D6 Model) ; and for making furrows for treatment C, we had used tractor (with high flatation tire – John Deer Model) with a furrower which its’ wings had been modified.

The sugarcane stem borers, Sesamia spp. are the main pests of sugarcane in Khuzestan province of Iran. In order to evaluate the stem borers infestation in plant and ratoon crops, two field experiments were carried out in Amir-Kabir Agro-industry in south of Khuzestan province. In the first experiment, at plant cane fields during three consecutive years, and in the second experiment at different crop ages (plant, first ratoon and second ratoon) at the same time stalk and internode infestation by sugarcane borers were determined. Results in both experiments indicate percent of stalk and internode infestation by stem borers in plant crops significantly increased than ratoon crops. The findings of this research can be used in management of sugarcane stem borers.

This research presents a model for the analysis of sugarcane basket emptying operations. Traffic of sugarcane carrying baskets in front of the factory door will cause a long waiting line to form. Factors influencing the formation of queues include shift changes, accidents due to tractor crowding, tractor breakdowns, and factory shutdowns, which will lead to an increase in the time intervals between harvesting the crop and emptying the canes. Using queuing theory, the relevant system was simulated as a based model and the effect of each of the existing factors on the amount of time wastage and queue formation was evaluated. Based on the three scenarios (the investigation of queuing order, improve the bottleneck by deploying existing or non-existing discharge sources) proposed and the analysis of the system, based on the realization of each of the scenarios, the costs and queue conditions were investigated. According to the investigated cases, it was concluded that both sources in the factory should be used to empty the canes during the peak harvest time. The waiting time of the baskets in the system in the first, second and third scenario has decreased by 2%, 30%, and 59%, respectively, and the exit rate of the baskets has increased by 1.56%, 100%, and 198%, respectively. Comparing the efficiency of the scenarios using TOPSIS method according to the criteria of waiting time and cost showed that the second scenario has the highest rank.

Vermicomposting fertilizer is an ecological approach that improves both yield quantity and environmental quality. This study was carried out in the field of agriculture faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2021 at two stages. In the first stage, the experimental design was a split plot with 4 crop residues (i.e. wheat, rice, sugarcane, and corn) in the main plot and 2 weight ratios (i.e. 30 & 40%) were supplot with 3 replications. In the second stage, the experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 replications which included 8 different vermicomposting that were produced in the first stage. Results of the first stage showed that wheat 40% residue treatment produced the highest mature worm weight due to the highest mature worm population which resulted in the highest total worm weight. For all crop residue treatments, the total worm number was reduced by the increase in crop residue quantity from 30% to 40%. This reduction was affected by the reduction in the immature worm population. Despite the increase in mature worm numbers, it could not compensate for the effects of reducing the number of immature worms. Increasing the percentage of the residue of each crops from 30% to 40%, the amount of vermicompost fertilizer production was reduced, but on the other hand, the amount of non-fertilizer compounds was added. The highest sesame seed yield (1154/6 kg/h) belonged to a wheat residue with a 30% weight ratio. This superiority is influenced by the superiority of seed weight in capsule, seed number in capsule, and seed 1000 weight characters. In conclusion, the results of this research showed the importance of paying attention to the raw material in the production of vermicompost both in terms of impact on the biological and chemical properties and on the agronomic properties of the crop. A point that is perhaps less noticed now. So, it is recommended that in sustainable agriculture or organic farming it is better to produce vermicompost fertilizer suitable for each crop.

The effect of obtained bagasse and filter cake from sugarcane industry with some chemical fertilizers at the same time as soil preparation and two stages of irrigation, on some characteristics of sugarcane was investigated as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design in 2021 in a field of 19 hectares located in Debel Khazei agro-industry company in Khuzestan province, Iran. The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, bagasse, filter cake, and bagasse+filter cake), urea fertilizer (with and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% and 100% of the recommended amount).The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, 50 tons per hectare of bagasse, 50 tons per hectare of filter cake, and 50 tons per hectare of equal amounts of both bagasse and filter cake), urea fertilizer (with 150 kg per hectare and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% (187.5 kg/ha) and 100% of the recommended amount (250 kg/ha).The results showed that the combined effect of organic amendment and urea fertilizer was significant on the number of buds, number of tillers, and stem weight. The maximum value of each trait was measured by the application of filter cake and urea fertilizer by 671292 buds per hectare, 757542 tillers per hectare, and 857.55 g of individual stem weight, which were 60, 78.4 and 41.35% higher than the non-application of organic amendment and urea fertilizer, respectively. The application of urea with bagasse resulted in a 7.35% increase in the number of stems compared to the control. The application of filter cake, the combination of bagasse + filter cake and bagasse with urea increased the yield by 54, 31.2 and 13.3 percent, respectively, compared to the control. The obtained yield was equal to 135.1, 120.1 and 99.4 tons per hectare, respectively. The application of filter cake with urea led to a 21.8% increase in juice percentage compared to the non-use of organic amendment and the normal level of fertilizer application (450 kg/ha during the growing season). Using 100% of the recommended dosage of phosphate fertilizer in the presence of urea increased juice percentage by 7.9% compared to the non-use of urea and the same amount of phosphate. Based on the effect of filter cake and bagasse and their application method on sugarcane's growth and yield characteristics, their use is recommended using the present research method.

The climate change, the intensity and continuity of drought periods, will affect the frequency of its occurrence in the coming decades. Iran is one of the countries that suffered the most damage from drought. Soil infiltration, which is very important in the design and management of furrow irrigation, changes over time. This issue will have a great impact on the irrigation efficiency. The purpose of this research is to investigate the temporal changes of the parameters of the Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation in furrow irrigation of sugarcane plant. The values of inflow, outflow and advance time were measured during 4 irrigation in 6 repetitions.The infiltration parameters were estimated using the advance time data and the hydrograph of the inflow and outflow using volume balance method. The results showed that there are significant temporal changes between the average values and the values of the coefficients of the Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation in each irrigation and the maximum change was related to the first irrigation, so that the range of parameter a changes in the range of 0.59 - 0.09 and the maximum value was related to the first irrigation, the range of changes in parameter k were observed in the range of 0.90 - 0.25, the highest of which was observed in the second irrigation. The average of f0 were equal to 7.333* 10-5 m^3/m.min with a CV of 16%. The results showed that the trend of time changes of infiltration parameters is not constant and more research is needed in this field.

The simultaneity of sugarcane's dry season with summer heat and high evaporation makes it one of the most water-consuming plants, considering that sugarcane is cultivated in large areas in Khuzestan province Evaluation of water consumption water productivity in sugarcane cultivated lands is very important.the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on water productivity and quantitative and qualitative yield of sugarcane in the second Ratoon and comparing it with the conventional irrigation system (closed-end furrow irrigation). Experiment with a fixed working depth of 20-cm and two distances of droppers (L1=50, L2=60-cm) and two flow rates (Q1=2.3, Q2=3.6-lit/hr.). It was done with four repetitions and in the form of a block design and as a split plot. The results of variance analysis of quantitative traits showed that the highest stem height and sugarcane yield in the treatment (Q2.3, L50) were The order of 211-cm and 88-ton/ha was observed. The results of variance analysis of qualitative traits also showed that the highest yield of pure sugar with 11-ton/ha was related to the treatment (Q2.3 L50) and the lowest amount was 6.6-ton/ha. in conventional irrigation treatment (control). The highest water productivity per cane and sugar produced for the treatment (Q2.3, L50) was obtained, 4.64 and 0.58 kg/m3, respectively, which compared to the control treatment, caused There has been an increase of about 52% in water productivity. Finally, the treatment (Q2.3, L50) had the highest yield and water productivity.

Contaminated soil can be remediated by employing various types of microbes, such as bacteria, which have the ability to enhance plant growth and combat pathogenic microorganisms. Biological control is an environmentally adaptable method that utilizes living microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses to suppress plant pathogens through mechanisms such as competition, parasitism, antibiosis, and induced resistance. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of bioremediation bacteria as biological control agents against fungal pathogens affecting sugarcane. To achieve this objective, previously identified bacterial strains with potential in bioremediation of Atrazine and Metribuzin herbicides, including Brucella sp. (66A, 44A, and 65A), Pseudomonas putida 10A, Ensifer adhaerens 20m, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15A, and Stenotrophomonas sp. 22A, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of Thielaviopsis ethacetica, Cytospora sacchari, Fusarium proliferatum, Bipolaris drechslera, Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Nigrospora sp. The experiments were conducted using the dual culture method in a completely randomized design with three replications under laboratory conditions. The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone and the percentage of fungal growth inhibition were calculated. The results indicated that P. aeruginosa 15A exhibited the highest growth inhibition against T. ethacetica, Curvularia sp., and Alternaria sp. On the other hand, Stenotrophomonas sp. 22A significantly inhibited C. sacchari, while both Stenotrophomonas sp. 22A and Brucella sp. 65A showed considerable inhibition against F. proliferatum. Bipolaris drechslera was most effectively inhibited by Brucella sp. 66A and Brucella sp. 44A, while P. aeruginosa 15A and Brucella sp. 66A exhibited prominent inhibition against Nigrospora sp. Notably, P. putida 10A did not display antagonistic properties against the tested fungi under laboratory conditions, whereas P. aeruginosa 15A significantly affected the growth of all examined fungi. Based on these findings, this study provides evidence that certain bioremediation isolates possess significant potential for biological control of specific fungal pathogens affecting sugarcane in laboratory conditions. Consequently, the antagonistic properties against important fungi in sugarcane can be utilized in agricultural activities. This strategy has the potential to decrease the reliance on fungicides in sugarcane farming, benefiting both the economy and the environment. Additionally, it can contribute to the maintenance and improvement of product quality and yield, while supporting sustainable cultivation..

Sugarcane is an important commercial product for sugar production in the world. A perennial plant from the cereal family, which is susceptible to various pests and diseases due to the long cultivation period, which affects its production. Pokkah boeng disease caused by Fusarium species is one of the important and developing diseases of sugarcane worldwide. In this research, the pathogenicity of Fusarium species related to this disease, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. andiyazi, F. acutatum in sugarcane, with two methods of pathogenicity test of cut stems under laboratory conditions and pathogenicity test in Greenhouse conditions were carried out. To calculate the severity of the disease in different species, the length of the wound area on the canes was measured. The results showed that the intensity of pathogenicity in three species F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. sacchari was higher than other species. In another part, the antagonistic property of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum isolated from healthy sugarcane plants was used for biological control of this disease in greenhouse conditions. The effectiveness of the biocontrol agent was determined by measuring the fusarium index, the length of the wound area and plant growth factors, which indirectly contribute to the reduction of disease damage. The results showed that all the treatments applied with endophytic fungi were successful in reducing the disease and increasing the growth factors of the treated plant compared to the control.