جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بارداری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. This study aims to present the potential and significance of Galectin3 (GAL3) in the pathogenesis of GDM.

Sixty female Wistar rats (weighting 220 ± 10g) were randomly assigned into six groups: control (Ctr) group, control+continuous aerobic training (Ctr+CON) group, control+intermittent aerobic training (Ctr+INT) group, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group, GDM+continuous aerobic training (GDM+CON) group, GDM+intermittent aerobic training (GDM+INT) group. Exercise groups underwent treadmill exercise during pregnancy. Levels of insulin resistance and galectin3 were measured.

Serum galectin3 concentration in the GDM group was significantly higher than Ctr. On the other hand, the galectin3 level in the GDM+CON and GDM+INT groups was considerably lower than in the GDM group. The weight of the GDM group was significantly higher than the Ctr and training groups on the 20th day of gestation. Insulin resistance levels in the GDM+CON and GDM+INT groups were significantly lower than in the GDM group.

The study results demonstrate that both continuous and intermittent training effectively improved GDM. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two training models. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between galectin3 and GDM. It may be used as a potential factor to predict the development of GDM.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome recognized as a major risk factor for preterm delivery. Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by high blood pressure, significant proteinuria, and an excessive maternal systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pregnancy and preeclampsia.

This study is a narrative review that utilized the PubMed-Medline and Embase databases to search for the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Data were obtained from searching and extracting relevant articles.

The results of various studies indicated that paternal antigens and female sex hormones are responsible for the increased number of Tregs during pregnancy. The expansion of Tregs and the regulation of the immune system are essential for maternal tolerance towards the fetus. Indeed, the number and function of Tregs play a crucial role in pregnancy; a reduction in the number and function of these cells is observed in unsuccessful pregnancies such as those complicated by preeclampsia.

Regulatory T cells play vital roles in maintaining immune tolerance towards the fetus during pregnancy. A decrease in the number or function of these cells can lead to pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia. Health professionals should be aware of the importance of immune balance during pregnancy and consider immune system-related factors when assessing the risk of preeclampsia. Additionally, a better understanding of the role of Tregs could contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is the most common hypertensive disorder after 20 weeks of gestation, and its complications are the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortalities. Changes in the innate and adaptive immune systems play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PE. Natural Killer Cells (NKTs) are the most abundant leukocytes during pregnancy, recruited and activated by ovarian hormones in the decidua. Recent evidence supports the idea that NKT cells exist in various environmental tissues and the decidua with their unique transcriptional profiles and cytokines, and bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, this study aimed to review the number, phenotype, changes, and functional function of NKT cells in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.

This study was a narrative review that utilized the PubMed-Medline and Embase databases to search for the role of NKT cells in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Data were obtained from searching and extracting relevant articles.

The results of various studies showed that the number of NKT cells increases in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. However, there isn't any significant difference in the quantity and characteristics of iNKT cells between normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Nonetheless, normal pregnant women exhibit a slight but meaningful reduction in the secretion of IFN-γ from iNKT cells compared to women with preeclampsia.

NKT cells regulate the balance of Th1 and Th2 responses by secreting interleukin-4 and interferon-γ. During pregnancy, maternal immunity is biased towards the production of type 2 cytokines to inhibit the function of type 1 cytokines, which can be harmful to the developing fetus. This shift to type 2 cytokines occurs in normal pregnancy.

Considering the negative effects of vaginismus on the quality of life of couples and delay in pregnancy, this case group study was conducted with aim to investigate the process of treatment of patients with vaginismus and subsequent pregnancy.

Cases presentation:

 In this descriptive study, 12 patients with vaginismus were evaluated from October 2021 to December 2023. After history and initial evaluation, vaginismus grades 3 and 4 were diagnosed based on the Lamotte scale in the examination of the patients. The participants aged 20-35 years old. The mean duration of this disease and the mean duration of infertility were 4.3 years and 4.1 years, respectively, and 5 patients (41.6%) wanted assisted reproductive methods. During this period, the patients had received several ineffective and unscientific treatments. The process of treatment was done as a team. The treatment was started by the reproductive and sexual health specialist, the trainings, follow-up of the patients and referral to the team members were also done by the same specialist. The process included cognitive behavioral therapy and dilators that during the treatment process, Kegel exercises and non-sexual sensation were also performed by the patient. The sessions were held weekly and treatment period lasted two to three months. After end of treatment, the patients were able to have sexual intercourse without pain and became pregnant 3 to 12 months after the treatment.

One of the problems in women with vaginismus is infertility and this problem can be completely solved with scientific, team and combined treatments and persistence in the treatment process.

Identifying pregnant women who are at risk of premature birth and determining its risk factors is essential because it affects their health. This study aimed to use an interpretable machine-learning model to predict premature birth.

In this study, data from 149,350 births in Tehran in 2019 were utilized from the Iranian Mothers and Babies Network (IMaN) dataset. Various factors related to the mother and the fetus, such as the mother's demographic variables and health status, medical history, pregnancy conditions, childbirth, and associated risks, were considered. The machine learning models, including multilayer neural networks, random forest, and XGBoost, were employed to predict the occurrence of preterm birth after data preprocessing. The models were evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve. The Python programming language version 3.10.0 was applied to analyze the data.

About 8.67% of births were premature. The XGBoost algorithm achieved the highest prediction accuracy (90%). According to the model output, multiple births, which account for 46% of pregnant women's births, had the highest importance score. Delivery risk factors had a score of 41%, and other variables, including neurological and mental illness, preeclampsia, and cardiovascular disease, were subsequently ranked in order of importance for this particular individual.

Using an interpretable machine learning method could predict the occurrence of premature birth. Based on risk factors, the interpretable machine learning method can provide personalized preventive recommendations for every pregnant woman, aiming to reduce the risk of preterm birth.

Pregnancy is associated with many physical and mental changes. These changes can lead to sexual dysfunction. Targeted and appropriate training can be effective in reducing this disorder. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of sexual health empowerment based on the James Brown model on the sexual performance of pregnant women.

This study was a randomized controlled field trial was conducted in 2018 on 68 pregnant women referring to health centers. The women were placed in two intervention and control groups, and the intervention group was given 4 training sessions based on the James Brown model. Evaluation of sexual function before, two weeks and one month after the intervention was done with the FSFI tool. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20) and Statistical tests . p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of the sexual function score of pregnant women in two groups were homogeneous with independent t-test (P=0.081). 2 weeks after the intervention, the difference in the total score of sexual performance between the intervention and control groups was significant (P<0.001) and one month later between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001).

Sexual health education based on the James Brown model is effective on the sexual performance of pregnant women, so by training based on this model, it is possible to increase awareness and then improve the sexual performance of pregnant women.

Nausea, vomiting and food craving during pregnancy are common problems for women that, in addition to affecting the quality of life, can be risks such as insufficient weight gain during pregnancy, gastrointestinal problems, preterm delivery, low birth weight and, in more severe cases, abortion. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of nausea, vomiting and pregnancy cravings and their related factors in pregnant women referring to health centers in Zahedan.

In a descriptive-analytical study, 600 pregnant women referred to health centers in Zahedan city were selected and examined by multi-stage sampling method. Data gathering tool; the researcher-made questionnaire contained demographic and pregnancy information, nausea, vomiting, pregnancy cravings and mother's food pattern. Data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software and chi-square, t-test and one-way analysis of variance tests.

The mean age of pregnant women was 27.07±6.29 years. The prevalence of food craving, nausea & vomiting in the studied women was 55.4%, and 70.5%, respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups with and without nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in terms of mother's education and the number of meals consumed (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups with and without food craving in terms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (p<0.05).

Considering the relatively high prevalence of nausea, vomiting and food craving, knowing the related factors and early diagnosis of these problems during prenatal care and their effective treatment can reduce its consequences on women's health and quality of life.

The physiological changes in the mother's body during pregnancy make this group more sensitive to oral and dental diseases, which can have important effects on the health of the mother and the child. To improve the oral and dental health of the mother and the health of the baby, dental care before pregnancy and during pregnancy seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of oral health literacy in midwifery experts working in Isfahan health centers.

This research is descriptive and cross-sectional and 110 questionnaires answered by midwifery experts were selected for review in this study. The questionnaire used in this study includes two demographic questions in the field of age and work experience of midwifery experts and 20 questions about measuring oral health literacy. The data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher's exact test (α = 0.05).

No relationship was observed between oral health behavioral habits and health literacy level in midwifery experts (p value = 0.449). There was no significant relationship between the oral health literacy score of midwifery experts with age (p value = -0.338, r = 0.693) and work experience (p value = -0.095, r = 0.325).

According to this study, it can be concluded that the oral health literacy of midwifery experts is sufficient, but the need for more training to increase the updating of information of midwives in Isfahan is felt.

Domestic violence during pregnancy poses a serious threat to the physical, mental, and emotional health of both the mother and the fetus. Ultimately, it also jeopardizes the overall health and structure of society. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between domestic violence during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women residing in Rafsanjan City.

In this case-control study, data collection was performed through a three-part questionnaire, which included demographic information, domestic violence experiences, and infant outcomes. The sample size for the case group (comprising individuals with at least one neonatal outcome) was determined to be 20 people. To achieve this number, interviews were conducted with 211 pregnant women who visited Niknafs Maternity Hospital in Rafsanjan during 2019 and 2020. For each case subject, three individuals without any neonatal outcomes matched in terms of age and number of children, were selected as controls (60 people in total). The obtained data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Out of the control group, 13 individuals (21.7%) and out of the case group, 10 individuals (50%) experienced violence during pregnancy (p=0.015). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for the spouse's age, the odds of experiencing at least one neonatal outcome were 3.29 times higher in mothers who were subjected to violence during pregnancy compared to those who were not (p=0.036).

According to the current study, it can be concluded that domestic violence leads to an increase in pregnancy-related consequences and complications. Consequently, it is crucial to implement intervention programs and raise awareness to address this issue effectively.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexual transmitted infection. The persistence of HPV infection causes different types of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer. HPV infection during pregnancy may be associated with several adverse consequences, such as preterm birth and miscarriage. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between HPV infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes in different studies.

In this narrative review, to find relevant articles, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords HPV, Papillomavirus, HPV in Pregnancy, HPV Transmission and Adverse outcomes from 2000 to 2022. For this purpose, original research articles, clinical trials, reviews and case reports related to the subject of this review were included in the study and unrelated studies were excluded. The review of the articles was done by reading the title, abstract and content, respectively. The language on the admission papers was English.

The results of the different studies have shown that the risk of HPV infection in pregnant women is higher than in non-pregnant women. Also, the risk of preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes is reported to be higher in HPV positive pregnant women in comparison with HPV negative women. Some studies have also pointed to the relationship between HPV infection and spontaneous fetal death.

Considering many complications of HPV infection in pregnant women, it is better to ensure about non-infection with this virus before pregnancy.

 Since prenatal care may have been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to compare the content of prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic with one year before the pandemic in Qazvin, Iran.

 This cross-sectional-analytical study included 722 pregnant mothers (361 before and 361 during the COVID-19 pandemic) referring to Qazvin health centers in 2018 and 2019. The "Evaluation of Care during Pregnancy" checklist was used to collect information. The information was extracted from the Integrated Health System (known as SIB), reporting offices of health centers. SPSS version 25 software was used to analyze the data.

The results showed a decrease in the number of prenatal care in all care times during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (P<0.001). The rate of preterm pregnancies increased during the pandemic period (P<0.001). Performing the first round of screening, the first and second rounds of ultrasound and the second round of laboratory tests, respectively decreased by 23.8%, 11.1%, 13.3% (P<0.001), and 7% (P=0.004) in the pandemic period (P<0.001). The follow-up rate of referrals also decreased during the pandemic period (P<0.001).

 The results showed a decrease in the number and content of prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is necessary for pregnant or lactating women which can prevent them from infection to severe case of disease. The present study aims to determine the factors related to the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant or lactating women in Zahedan, Iran using the health belief model (HBM).

This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 260 pregnant or lactating women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan city in 2022. Sampling method was done as a convenience sampling method. Data collection was done using a demographic form and a HBM-based questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.7. Moreover, the content validity index value was 0.81 and the content validity ratio was 0.77. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation test, and regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22.

The results of the regression analysis showed that the demographic variables explained 12.6% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior, where only the effect of age and educational level was significant, (P<0.05). The BM constructs along with age and educational level predicted 26.3% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior, where only age, self-efficacy and perceived benefits had a significant effect (P<0.05). Overall, the mentioned variables predicted 38.9% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior.

The factors of young age, high educational level, and the HBM constructs of self-efficacy and perceived benefits can predict the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance behavior of pregnant or lactating women in the South East of Iran. These findings can help policymakers and health care providers to use this model in designing program for improving vaccination acceptance of these high-risk groups.

During pregnancy, the marital quality and mental security of women are threatened. A woman's physical, mental and psychological health during this period has significant effects on the health of the fetus, success in natural childbirth and breastfeeding, and improving health. Maintaining psychological security, cognitive self-regulation of emotions, and the quality of marital relations during pregnancy can reduce the worries of this period to some extent. The current research aims to predicting design a structural model of marital quality and cognitive self-regulation with the mediating role of psychological security to predict concerns during pregnancy.

The present study was a descriptive-correlation type using the structural equation modeling method. The study  population included all the pregnant women of 25 to 40who referred to health centers and clinics in Yazd in 2023. 275 women were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Data was collected using Aldersey and Lin's (2011) pregnancy anxiety questionnaires, Busby et al.'s marital quality (1995), Maslow's psychological security (2004), and Garnevsky et al.'s (2002) cognitive self-regulation of emotion. Data analysis was done through Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling using SPSS-19 and AMOS-20 software.

The results of multivariate regression test showed that the variables of cognitive self-regulation of emotion (positive emotion (R=0/49), negative emotion (R=0/056), and marital quality (R=0/089) with the mediation of psychological security on concerns during pregnancy, had a direct and significant effect (P<0/05). Psychological security also had a direct, negative, and significant effect on worries during pregnancy (P<0/05).

The results of the present study shows that the structural model of concerns during pregnancy based on cognitive self-regulation of emotion and marital quality with the mediation of psychological security had favorable fit indices, and therefore, the knowledge of these variables can help to reduce worries during pregnancy.

Splenic artery aneurysm is seen in less than 0.1% of the population. Aneurysm of the splenic artery is more common in pregnant women. One of the life-threatening complications of splenic artery aneurysm is the spontaneous rupture of the aneurysm, which causes hemorrhagic shock. This complication is more common in pregnant women than other people in the society and has more mortality and morbidity. In this study, a pregnant patient with spontaneous rupture of splenic artery aneurysm is reported.

The patient is an 18-year-old woman, 20 weeks pregnant, who came to the Emergency department of Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd with diffuse  sudden onset of abdominal pain in the September of 2023. On examination, the patient's vital signs were unstable, which was due to the presence of hemorrhagic shock. In the examination of the patient's abdomen, or generalized tenderness and rebound tenderness? was evident, suggesting peritonitis. According to the ultrasound report, abundant free fluid and fluid containing blood was drained from the abdomen under ultrasound guidance. The patient underwent surgery with the diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock with a midline incision of the abdomen above and below the umbilicus. In the performed surgery, evidence of splenic artery aneurysm rupture was evident. For the patient, ligature and resection of splenic vessels (artery and vein) and splenectomy were performed. After surgery and stabilization of the patient's condition, fetal health ultrasound was performed, and the fetus had no heartbeat. Therefore, medical induction of abortion was performed, and after 48 hours, the fetus was completely expelled, and then mother was transferred to the ward. And four days after the surgery, she was discharged with general improvement. No remarkable adverse effects were observed after surgery.

One of the rare diseases is splenic artery aneurysm, which is difficult to diagnose due to its asymptomatic rupture and high mortality rate.

Neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and multifactorial disorders with difficult diagnosis and treatment. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may play important roles in neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy on neurodevelopment of children.

This study was carried out as a sub-study of the Prospective Epidemiological  Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort. Overall, 214 mother-child pairs participated in the present study. Dietary patterns were assessed by 90-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Neurodevelopment outcomes were assessed by child behavior check list (CBCL) and ages and stages questionnaires (ASQ).

In syndromic scale of CBCL, western diets at first trimester increased the risk of emotional disorders (p = 0.045). At third trimester, significant negative relationships were seen between the healthy diets and sleep disorders (p = 0.047), fatty diets and sleep and internalizing disorders (p = 0.017 and 0.012, respectively), western diets and sleep and total problems (p = 0.026 and 0.046, respectively). In scales based on diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM), positive relationships were reported between the unhealthy diets and anxiety disorders (p = 0.049).

Results indicated that maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy might affect the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children. Further studies to identify associations between dietary patterns and neurodevelopment are needed.

Covid-19 Vaccination in pregnant women may affect the central nervous system of newborn, but this issue has not been confirmed and requires comprehensive investigations. Due to the fact that no comprehensive study has been conducted in Iran to investigate neurologic complications requiring surgery in infants born to women vaccinated with covid-19 vaccines, we decided to conduct this study with the aim of the effect of covid-19 vaccination of pregnant women on the occurrence of neuro surgical requiring intervention in newborns.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted with the participation of 718 pregnant women (429 vaccinated and 289 unvaccinated) during the year 2022; Maternal and neonatal complications and complications related to neurological procedures requiring surgery were recorded from the existing information system. Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and multiple binary logistic regressions were used to compare the data of two groups.

Vaccination of Covid-19 in pregnant women leads to an increase in intracerebral hemorrhage (95% CI: 1.85-3.77 and (OR=1.41) and brain cyst (1.13-13.96: 95% CI: 1.55-3.77 OR=1) in babies born from them. While significant effect on hydrocephalus (OR=0.91), craniosynostosis (95% CI: 0.45-0.96 and OR=0.88), tubal defect There was no neurological (95% CI: 0.14-0.45 and OR=0.37) and vascular thrombosis (0.77-0.97: 95% CI and OR=0.89).

Covid-19 vaccination has been associated with many benefits and has increased public health; However, performing it in pregnant women has been associated with rare complications that were investigated in this study; The results of this study showed that the covid-19 vaccination in pregnant women leads to an increase in intracerebral bleeding and brain cysts in newborns; However, more studies are needed to confirm these results.