Neyshabur City in over Time (Old and New age)

History of a community is its identity and major origin of humanity societies change that all direction and various functions emanates from it. Therefore, knowledge of the history seems to be necessary to recognize identity and the starting point of social-historical change. NEYSHABUR city is in the heart of Khorasan. NEYSHABUR is attributed to Shapur I of Sasanian and name of the city means Shapur good input. Abar Shahr is the old name of NEYSHABUR that originally has been the name of Aparny or AParnak and place of one of the three tribes who founded Parthian powerful Empire. Since the aim of the present study was historical recognition and examine of Nishapur as one of the Greater Khorasan cities through time (old and new age), research method was according to descriptive and analytical methods and the study of a Library and Archives; therefore in this context was used of articles, books, research and design of internal and external documents relating to the subject in order to achieve to research purpose. Research findings indicates that Nishapur in comparing with other cities of Khorasan has have two fundamental distinction phases including establishment of schools and the teaching of different sciences as well as building more magnificent mosques for competition and therefore raising the level of knowledge and establish the superiority over other cities of Islam and also in terms of trade and industry is very important, due to existence of the ancient-historical monuments and many markets.