An Analysis of the Reflection of the Herat Problem in the Vaqaye-e Ettefaqiyeh Newspaper

Herat, like Kandahar and Kabul, was one of the regions that were not under the guardianship of any of the major governments of the region in the 19th century. However, countries such as England, Russia, and Iran each sought to play a role and influence it for their reasons to the extent that the dispute between Iran and England over Herat became an excuse to conclude the Treaty of Paris as one of the most important international agreements of Iran in the last two hundred years. In the position of one of the two sides of the conflict, Iran made claims to prove its legitimacy and tried to justify the reasons for occupying Herat and deploying troops there. Since the time of concluding the treaty coincided with the early years of the publication of the Vaqaye-e Ettefaqiyeh newspaper, this publication could be used as one of the appropriate platforms for the government to explain its positions. For this reason, referring to it can be useful for gaining information and a more complete understanding of the disputed issue. The amount of material devoted to the Herat problem in this newspaper is significant. In the following study, by dividing these reports into after and before the Treaty of Paris, the process of events and changes has been observed from the perspective of Vaqaye-e Ettefaqiyeh