نشریه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، پاییز 1396)

The governance is an approach that it is for participation of village people and making decision of them about plans and administrative and developmental planning for village people. If the presented experimental research and theories is a compound of rule, social capital is very important. On the other hand, social capital is a useful field of achieving a management and rule in order to unify and secured social life. The aim of this study is the investigating into the effects of social capital in rural governance (Ardabil villagers). The performance method of this study was descriptive- survey and the required information were collected by library and field (questionnaire method). Statistical society of this study were residents above 15 years old of Ardabil villages that they were 123264 people and there has been used from Cochran formulate for measuring the volume of statistical sample and sample volume were selected 383 people. There has been analyzed data by using SPSS software. The results showed that although there is a significant relationship between various dimensions of social capital in village governance, but there are multiple regressions.

The purpose of this study was to examine and identify component affecting the development of social competence in organizational communication as well as determine the quality of interaction between these components by using interpretive structural modeling method from the perspective of academic experts. This research is an applied and developmental as well as quantitative and qualitative. Statistical sample is 15 people of academic experts who were selected using snowball sampling. The data collection tool is a researcher made matrix questionnaire. The results showed important components that effective on development of social competence are Social knowledge, motivation, perception, inference, adaptation, and influence, as well as verbal and nonverbal skills, and; that using interpretive structural modeling was placed at five different levels of interaction. Also, The Results showed that Social knowledge, motivation, perception, and inference had more effective than other components on development of social competencies. According to the results, we can say that the components of social competencies at different levels have effect together, and changes in the quality of each component cause changes in quality of other components at same level as well as the next level, and in turn cause changes in the quality of the organizational communication.

The aim of this research is Survey of the social factors influenced at the tendency of citizens to street violence (case study: the city of Urmia).In the present study, The most important applied theories include social disorganization theory of Shaw and McKay, Bandura's social learning, Yuval Davis, Gessen (victimization), Durkheim's anomie, social control Hirsch. The research methodology is a survey method. Urmia citizens’ are as statistical population of this research that 428 citizenship of them, selected as sample bye two steps clusters sampling . In order to collect data, researcher-made questionnaire have been used. The reliability of questionnaire has been estimated in selection as 0.85. And for the validity of construct validity was used. In order to analyze data Pearson correlation and step wise regression were applied . The main results include that there is a significant and direct and positive relation between street violence with Fading of religious beliefs, decline of morality in popular culture, Lack of ethics in relations between authorities, Lack of proper execution of laws by responsible organizations, Non-observance of traffic norms, Drawing attention, Victimization, Loss of social capital, ethnicity. Result of Stepwise regression analysis showed that citezens’ street violence is more under effect of Victimization.

In this article, we examine audiences’ interaction with news media. The main question is what the status of news and news media is in the everyday life of the audiences. For this purpose, using semi-structured interview method, 29 individual and group interviews with 54 Tehran citizens from different age and sex groups were conducted.
Results show that the news presence in the audiences’ everyday life is ritual. The experience of news absence makes this rituality more apparent. Interviewees simultaneously confront with news from both domestic and foreign news televisions (which are contained established official discourse in Iran and rival discourses) because of five specific reasons and uses: access to the reality of an event, access to knowledge about rival discourse, coercion and monopoly, trust on news of domestic and foreign televisions, attraction and professionalism. In addition, the pattern of news consumption among Tehranian audiences can be categorized into five levels: weak, medium, strong (discrete - purposive, continuous, non-purposive, and continuous- purposive). Moreover the level of trust on media among people who have a strong relationship with the media is low due to the variety of available discourses.

This paper is an attempt to suggest an alternative theoretical apparatus for sociological analysis of modernity in Iran. The sociological analysis of modernity in Iran often has based on presuppositions of classical sociology and Modernization theory. The evolutional approach of these theories prevents the achievement of adequate explanations for modernity in Iran. Multiple Modernities approach has presented an analytical framework for crossing the limits of Modernization theory in the analysis of modernity, but also this approach suffers from some ambiguities and shortcomings: scrutiny of S. N. Eisenstadt’s theory of Multiple Modernities shows his ignorance of the impact of imperialism, colonialism and otherness processes in the extension of modernity from European countries to other parts of the world. The role of creative agency in the development of modernity in non-western societies is also underestimated in his work. Another problem in his theory is related to the level and the units of analysis. Regarding above issues, this paper tries to move forward from the theory of Multiple Modernities and suggests a multi-level theoretical apparatus for the analysis of modernity in Iran. This theoretical apparatus analyzes modernity in five levels contains world system, colonial confrontation, societal modernity, modern social movements and modern agency.​

This study aimed to assess the impact of agricultural development projects on social isolation. Issues and concerns of the researchers in this study, according perpetrators of development projects on the economy of the local community in particular and the national economy, economic self-sufficiency in agricultural production and optimize the use of water in general and forgetting social and cultural impact of the project, In which called the impact on the local community. Research methodology is based on qualitative approach, strategy of induction and grounded theory made by using techniques of in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions and researcher five-year lived experience. The sample of research was choice by targeted sampling, to determine the theoretical saturation. Data analysis has been done as well as thematic analysis and the three-step data encoding method. The findings suggest a series of conditions and factors driving strengthen the bond of community with broader communities including urban and rural, and therefore the local community based on the conditions and driving factors removed from social isolation. These findings have been associated with the concepts of Dauers dilemma consolidated view and a confirmation emphasis on its content.