فصلنامه اخلاق زیستی
پیاپی 38 (بهار 1402)

The development of Environmental Ethics, Character and Etiquette in human societies is necessary to improve the behavior of humans with the environment. Environmental education in formal and informal forms plays an important role in its protection. In order to effective education to be achieved in accordance with the philosophy, foundations and local culture of the society, it is necessary to use appropriate models. The purpose of this research is to identify the components of the model of Environmental Etiquette Education from the perspective of the Iranian Islamic model of progress.

This research was conducted qualitatively and by the method of theme analysis and identifying the network of themes related to the research subject among various related texts. By in-depth study of 43 sources, related sentences were identified and 1057 codes were extracted. Then, the related codes were categorized based on thematic and conceptual relationship and were revised several times to ensure the acceptability and objectivity of the data. In this way, the organizing categories were identified and by repeatedly examining the categories with an inductive approach, the components of the model were concluded. Finally, 1057 codes were organized in 49 categories and 8 components.

Ethical Considerations:

Honesty and trustworthiness have been observed in the report and reference to the texts.

The constituent components of the environmental education model from the perspective of the Iranian Islamic model of progress were: basics, principles, message of the model, goals, teaching and learning components, the role of the learner, the role of the instructive, the environment and context of learning and evaluation. Alsoindicators such as "attention to the concept of guidance", "management of genetic infrastructures of education and learning", "attention to three-dimensionality existence of environment", "environmental etiquette", "Islamic view of the motherhood of the environment for humans", "attention to the rational capacity of the audience in communication and education" and "measurement and evaluation without grade criteria" were very important variables from the islamic point of veiw in environmental etiquette education.

It is necessary to extract and design the foundations, principles, patterns, objectives and educational methods of educating environmental etiquette, appropriate to the biosphere and the characteristics of Iranian people, through the teachings of Islam. The need to differentiate between the widely used concepts of environmental ethics, environmental behavior and environmental etiquette is emphasized. In the environmental etiquette education, the teacher has a reference role and is not just a facilitator. The initial assessment is necessary for each audience to recognize the rational capacity of the learner, in order to personalize the programs and methods of teaching and environmental etiquette education by the teacher. The final assessment in environmental etiquette education is based on the level of effort and responsibility of the learner and without the grade criterion

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was introduced for the first time in DSM-5. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. Few researches have been done on disruptive mood disorder. The purpose of the current research is the epidemiology of disruptive mood disorder in adolescents and the comparison of moral judgment of affected and non-afflicted individuals.

The research method was descriptive and it was a survey and post-event type.Statistical population included 165 thousand and 555 students from among whom 384 ones were chosen using cluster random sampling based on Morgan formula to investigate epidemiology of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Also, for analyzing moral judgment differencebetween the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and normal students, 45 ones were selected using targeted sampling. For gathering data, emotional reactivity index of Stringaris & et al(2012), moral judgment questionnaire of Rest & et al (1973) and recognition interview based on DSM-5 were used. For analyzing data, descriptive indexes and independent t-test through SPSS 18 software were applied.

Ethical Considerations:

In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity and satisfaction and awareness have been respected.

Descriptive results of the research showedthat the prevalence of syndrome of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was 1.3 percent. Moral judgment of the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was significantly different from that of the students with no disorder (P<0.05, T=2.06).

The prevalence rate of disruptive mood dysregulation disorderin East Azarbaijan province is inthe middle range compared to other studies conducted abroad. However, attention should be paid to mental health policy-making in adolescents to decrease behavioral problems and prevent future issues.

Investigating the effective factors in academic success has always been one of the concerns of educational and higher education system researchers, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of academic resilience and academic ethics in predicting the academic success of students.

The current study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included students of Farhangian University of South Khorasan in the academic year of 2021-22. According to Krejcie and Morgan's table, 330 people were selected using available sampling method. The research data collection tools included Samuels' academic resilience questionnaires (2004), Golparvar academic ethics (2010) and Wells' academic success (2010). To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and simultaneous regression were used using SPSS 24 software.

Ethical Considerations: 

After obtaining permission from the university and explaining the objectives to the participants, their consent was obtained and they were assured about the confidentiality of the information.

The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between academic resilience (r=0.676) and academic ethics (r=0.501) with academic success (P<0.01) and the components of academic resilience and academic ethics explain 50.1% of students' academic success.

The research findings provide the basis for more and deeper educational researches in the field of ethical educational planning and strengthening resilient character.

The problem of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in today's educational environment is a prominent and pervasive issue that has its roots in several sources. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating organizational trauma management (MTO) in new teachers with a qualitative and quantitative approach.

The method of thisresearchwas case study according to the purpose; At first, qualitative data was collected and then according to the findings, quantitative data was extracted and analyzed. The statistical population was new teachers of Gilan, Alborz and Tehran provinces with a population of 15,000 people. In this part of sampling, 375 people were selected through cluster sampling. In the qualitative section, 25 people were selected using targeted sampling. Data collection in the qualitative part was done using the database method and through semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, it was done through a researcher-made questionnaire, the alpha coefficient of which was calculated as 0.91. In order to analyze the quantitative part, artificial neural network was used using SPSS 25 software.

Ethical Considerations:

Along with informing the participants about the research process, full satisfaction was obtained for the implementation of the research.

The results of the research in the qualitative part in the form of a model was including causal conditions (3 categories), core category (organizational trauma management), strategy (6 categories), background (3 categories), intervention conditions, (3 categories) and consequences (6 categories). The findings of thequantitative part also showed that psychological empowerment has the greatest effect and psychological safety has the least importance coefficient in estimating organizational trauma management.

According to the surveys, many new teachers facesignificant and unique challenges in the work environment, which expose them to the risk of stress, burnout and erosion, because they are not treated through education or support. Therefore, for new teachers who are known as an important force in the educational system, it is necessary to provide and support by a structural review and create a platform to express their points of view in different fields in the organization.

The aim of this study was to present a structural model to explain grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men and women based on objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with mediating role of self-esteem.

The present study was a correctional-discriptive based on a structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all men and women over 18 years of age in Ahvaz and 309 of them were randomly selected and tested by available sampling method through social networks. Instruments which were used to collect data were demographic questionnaire, Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBC), Luthans Psychological Capital Scale (LPCS) and Rosenburg Self-esteem Inventory (RSES). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 and Amos 24.

Ethical Considerations:

In the present study, ethical principles such as confidentiality of information were observed and there was no possible harm to the subjects.

Results revealed that there was a significant relationship between Objectified Body consciousness with Grandiose Narcissism and Volnerable Narcissism in women. The results of these variables in men were not significant. Objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with self-esteem was significant for both men and women. Furthermore, Psychological capitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism was significant in men; in women, Psychological capitals only were significant with vulnerable narcissism (p<0. 01). Among indirect path, Self-esteem could significantly play a mediating role for Objectified body consciousness and psychologicalcapitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men. In women, the only significant indirectpath was between self-esteem with vulnerable narcissism.

Gender significantly moderated the causal effect of self-esteem on vulnerable narcissism, so that self-esteem in men has a stronger causal effect on vulnerable narcissism. These results can be used by clinical psychotherapists and psychiatrists in therapy with clients who suffer from narcissist personality disorder and related disorders to body image. As regards self-objectification can be led to narcissism and lower levels of self-esteemin individuals, therefore it is recommended that Psychologists and health experts care more about variables which were mentioned.

Since past time, societies have been encountered with such damages as diseases, poverty and death. Hence, it is for centuries that many states have attempted to reduce such damages via policymaking in order to realize citizens’ welfare rights. Social consequences of such initiatives are manifested in promoting citizens’ life quality level. Therefore, in the modern era, the social policies of the governments have been followed with different approaches from the past and have been influenced by the surrounding conditions of the societies.

Research methodology in present paper is based on cause-and-effect analysis of data and data collection technique is based on library and documents studying in order to respond raised hypothesis in the paper.

Ethical Considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Present paper findings suggest that today states have looked at human’s welfare rights through a new approach and have attempted to cover damages from people’s incapability such as unemployment, disability and senescence through wisdom of the crowd and utilizing social initiatives and policymaking in macro levels since such damages would yield to reduction in incomes and consequently, mitigation in welfare level and losing human dignity.

The focal point of efforts can be seen in theories resulted from establishing welfare state that could improve citizens’ welfare and life qualities through supportive policies and extending human security indicators in food supply, healthcare services and training and have enhanced life expectancy via a human development approach. Despite of this, states impacted by globalization, have pursued a postwelfare approach on social policymaking based on a minimum attitude toward supporting citizens’ welfare rights.

Judging is one of the most important affairs of society, to the extent that it is called a divine office. The purpose of this research is to examine the manners and ethics of judging in the light of verses and Shia traditions.

This research is of theoretical type. Theresearch method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Ethical Considerations:

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

The findings of the present research show that the manners and ethics of judging are designed in a way based on the matter of judging, and their main function is to prevent corruption of the judge and deviation from the path of justice.

In the interpretation of laws and regulations, and specifically the law on the supervision of the behavior of judges, it is possible to refer to the moral teachings in the framework of the verses and Shia traditions. These teachings create a suitable environment for solving the existing gaps.In fact, the presence of the qualities that the Holy Sharia deems necessary in a judge eliminates the basis of any kind of corruption in the matter of judgment and administration of justice.

The place of ethics in the development and strengthening of human identity is a deep-rooted and widespread debate. Considering that moral virtues are considered as one of the fundamental tools of identity formation, there is no doubt that rethinking moral virtues such as benevolence in Quranic teachings and advanced moral sources, important works such as a sense of responsibility towards social issues, optimal role playing It will lead to changes in social structures and efforts to improve relations with society members.

Therefore, the present research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and using original library sources such as Aristotle's Politics, Nicomachus' Ethics, Aristotle's Treatise on Shemas (Tafaheh), Aristotle's Treatise on the Soul, as well as precious sources of Qur'an commentary, Roshan explanation and To provide an explanation from the moral and Quranic point of view about the concept and examples of benevolence.

Ethical considerations:

 In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.

The findings indicate that benevolence from the point of view of Aristotelian ethics is manifested in the form of calling for individual and social benevolence, and this virtue in Quranic teachings, on the one hand, along with narratives of the stories of the societies of the age of the prophets. Elahi appeared towards the people of that time, and on the other hand, specific recommendations were also expressed about the necessity of benevolence towards oneself in the form of returning from bad deeds.

 Bioethics is one of the emerging topics of the last few decades in the field of biotechnology, which has been discussed in many ways. The relationship between criminal law and bioethics has not been given much attention. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the necessity of criminal intervention in bioethics and to develop a guarantee of criminal execution to comply with the elements of bioethics and to discuss the solutions in this regard.

 The present paper is descriptive and analytical using  the library method.

 The findings indicate that it is necessary to observe human dignity, the principle of informed consent, the principle of non-destruction, and the observance of a treatment-oriented approach as important principles of bioethics, criminal intervention, and the development of criminal guarantees. Bio-ethical criminal law, as it originates from minimal government, is qualified as minimal intervention. Because otherwise, based on human-centered thought, it will lose its legitimacy and public support.

Ethical considerations:

 In all stages of writing the present study, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been respected.

 The standards of human rights are the most important standards that can be the basis for the formulation of criminal guarantee and criminal intervention in bioethics. Because human rights seek to respect the rights of all human beings, and at the same time, bioethics seeks to respect human dignity, and to solve human biological dilemmas through the use of biological technology by appealing to informed consent and the principle of non-destruction. There is a close semantic connection between human rights and bioethics.

Today, exploring the meaning of life is one of the common issues of psychology and philosophy. In psychological analysis, meaning in life is considered a positive and desirable psychological quality, and is evaluated in relation to the stimulus, Communication and understanding of the person. However, in the end, the person-centered view of meaning of life does not provide any comprehensive answer to the question of what the meaning of life is.On the other hand, philosophy, with the approach of finding general and universal answers, tries to define fundamental principles for the meaning of life by laying metaphysical foundations. Therefore, he has tried to provide a comprehensive answer to the meaning of life with naturalistic and supernaturalist theories, although he has been criticized in this way.

In this comparative study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the similarities and differences between the two fields ofpsychology and philosophy in the field of the meaningof life have been investigated.

Ethical Considerations:

The ethical principles of theoretical and library study, including honesty and trustworthiness in referring to sources, have been observed in this research.

Based on the findings of this research, it can be said: First, Meaning is basically something that precedes us, so in analyzing the meaning of life, we should pay attention to the source of life; Secondly, the psychological view of the meaning of life has somehow degraded the meaning from a general thing to a personalized thing; Thirdly, returning to a philosophical view for the meaning of life can be the basis for preventing general nihilism in life.

Analyzing and interpreting the question of what is the meaning of life from a psychological and philosophical point of view and creating a structural and historical contrast between these two fields of knowledge, pavesthe way to find new answers to this problem.

 Protection of the environment according to the rights of peace is based on the potential application of environmental protection norms in peacetime and the extension of those norms to the time of international armed conflicts. Therefore, the following article seeks to evaluate and explore the role of peace rights in protecting the environment and its use in international armed conflicts.

 This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

 Despite the fact that the principle of not resorting to force and embargoing war as an imperative rule is emphasized by the United Nations Charter and other international documents, However, in its permitted form, such as legitimate defense, humans and the environment are not immune from the consequences of war. These issues have caused the concern of the international community in such a way that the discussion of environmental protection in armed conflicts has been placed on the agenda of the International Law Commission.

Ethical Considerations: 

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

 Among the treaties that are clearly applicable during international armed conflict, two categories of treaties including treaties containing mandatory rules and treaties protecting fundamental human rights, to some extent include substantive environmental rights and requirements because the right to A healthy environment is a human right, and the prohibition of causing massive pollution in the environment has led to the creation of mandatory rules.

Paying attention to psychological security is one of the important tasks that should be given special attention in addition to acquiring knowledge, so the present study aims to investigate the role of moral intelligence and resilience in predicting the psychological security of accounting students.

The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male and female undergraduate students in accounting of Bozormehr Qayinat University in the academic year 2022-2023, and 225 people were selected from the statistical population by available sampling method; And they responded to the moral intelligence questionnaires of Lennick & Kiel (2007), Connor & Davidson resilience (2003) and the short form of Maslow psychological security (1952). In data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis method were used using SPSS version 25 software. Ethical Considerations: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsinki and the informed consent of the individuals.

The results showed that the relationship between moral intelligence and resilience with psychological security was positive and significant (p<0.01). Also, moral intelligence and resilience in total had the ability to predict 1.45% of psychological security changes.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that moral intelligence and resilience are variables related to increasing the psychological security of students. 

The purpose of this research was to investigate the position of ethical propositions in the curriculum studies research.

The research method was qualitative (descriptive); And the statistical population included all articles published in the Iranian Science Publications Database (SID, Magiran, Noormags). The 31 of the articles in between the years 2006-2017 were selected by census method, and were evaluated based on selected criteria (dimensions of goals, questions and outcomes). Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been respected

The findings showed that 87.5% of the articles were scientific-research and 11.5% of them were scientifically-promotional; period of publication of articles had irregular dispersion, and the highest number of articles was in the years 2010-2013 (with a frequency of 22); 35/48% of the research was done by men, 12.90% by women and 62.51% by men among men and women.

the universities of medical sciences had the largest share in the publication of articles with 66.66%. Research aimed at the ethical position in various curriculum elements Such as teaching, content and evaluation.

 Although the issue of genetic manipulation offers a new perspective to medical science, it creates challenges in various fields, including bioethics, which are controversial. The purpose of this article is to investigate biotechnology in the human domain from the point of view of bioethics.

 The present paper is descriptive and analytical using library method.

 In the process of biotechnology in the human domain, the important principles of bioethics should be considered. Observance of human dignity, the principle of free and informed consent, access to genetic resources and fair sharing of the resulting benefits, and observance of the principle of caution and intervention for preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes are among the most important principles of bioethics that are involved in the processes resulting from hand Genetic work and the discussion of the consent of the research subject before genetic tests have a constructive importance.

Ethical considerations:

 In present paper, the originality of the texts, honesty, and trustworthiness are observed.

 Genetic science, as a science that causes the change and creation of animal and human phenomena and has important effects on the continuation of human life, should be in such a way that it includes both moral and religious concerns and causes. It provides the protection of human rights standards, should be considered and evaluated in order to promote the positive aspects of this knowledge and improve human life.

One of the most important issues related to the safety and health of citizens in different societies is the reduction of traffic crimes. Insurance laws play an important role in adopting preventive strategies in this field. This article tries to examine and evaluate the approach of the third party insurance law in order to prevent traffic crimes in terms of the amount of attention paid to the driver's personality.

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and in terms of data collection, it was done in a library manner.

Ethical considerations: 

In all stages of this research, from the study of documents to scientific analysis, it has been tried to observe the principles of ethics in the research, and in the analysis and conclusions, based on the principle of value neutrality and leaving aside personal preferences.

The third party insurance law takes preventive approaches in compliance with the moral principles of harm prevention and justice, through various means, including paying attention to the characteristics of the driver in issuing the insurance policy, establishing the ultimate responsibility for the culprit of the accident, discounting the insurance premium, training and Cultivation is assumed, but due to factors such as emphasis on issuing third-party insurance based on vehicle characteristics and the fact that insurance is compensation-oriented compared to its prevention-oriented nature, insufficient attention is paid to culture-building in the direction of prevention. The preference of the insurance company's responsibility in legal cases and the relative continuity of the effect of insurance coverage in the increase of traffic accidents still have shortcomings in the field of prevention.

By emphasizing the personalization of responsibility and the centrality of the individual and his characteristics in insurance calculations, along with criminal and non-criminal preventive measures including the creation of a personal file, continuous education and training, and the correct and decisive implementation of laws, the preventive effect of the Personal Insurance Law The third will be fulfilled

A society will be dynamic and vitality when its citizens have good social health. According to the importance and influence of this type of health among people in the society, in this research, the explanation of social health through the sense of perceived equality and the mediating role of mistrust among the citizens of Tehran in 1401 has been considered.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and correlational-survey in terms of data collection method. The data collected by standard and researcher-made questionnaires among 384 citizens of the 2nd, 10th and 16th districts of Tehran by combining four types of sampling methods; That is, simple random sampling method (based on the lottery method), cluster, multi-stage and stratified sampling, that data were collected according to the sample size. It should be noted that the validity of the questionnaires was checked by supervisor and advisor and the reliability of the questionnaires was checked with Cronbach's alpha test and the obtained coefficients (above 0.7) indicated the reliability of the tools.

Ethical Considerations: 

The respondents who participated in this research answered the questionnaires with the knowledge of conducting of the research and its goals.

According to the beta coefficients in the univariate regression test, it was found that a change of one standard deviation in perceived equality caused 0.554 standard deviation in the social health and -0.231 standard deviation in the mistrust and finally a change of one standard deviation in mistrust causes -0.405 standard deviation in the social health score. Also, in the path analysis, it was found that the total effect (direct and indirect effect) of perceived equality variable on social health is 0.647.

According to that social health has wide effects in the society and its absence causes huge problems and challenges, therefore, the implementation of perceived equality and on the other hand restoring trust among the people of the society should be prioritized.

By increasing the rate of unethical behaviors in the workplace, addressing Islamic work ethic can play an important role in effective management of organizations and reducing corruption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the consequences of Islamic work ethic in reducing corruption in government organizations.

This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using Sandlowski and Barroso’s seven-step meta-synthesis method (2007). The corpus of the study included all Persian and English studies published on consequences of Islamic occupational ethics between 2001 and 2021. In this regard, keywords related to the purpose of the study were searched and the obtained papers and documents were examined using purposive sampling according to the acceptance criteria. Finally, 36 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed using the three-step coding method (open, axial, selective) by MAXQDA 20 (2020) software. The reliability of coding was calculated using kappa agreement coefficient in SPSS software with a value of 0.83.

Ethical Considerations: 

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Based on the results of data analysis, 145 open codes were identified for the data which were classified into 45 subcategories and four main categories of: 1- Individual; 2- Organizational; 3- Occupational; 4- Social Consequences.

The results revealed that the existence of Islamic occupational ethics in the organization can lead to increased ethical growth of managers and employees and organizational effectiveness and it will have Impressive internal and external consequences for the organization.

Identifying the effective factors in psychological well-being and promoting it is considered one of the obvious priorities in health care systems, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of moral distress and early incompatible schemas in predicting the psychological well-being of nurses.

Ethical considerations: 

In all stages of data documentation and analysis, ethical considerations including informed consent, privacy protection, and anonymity of respondents and confidentiality of information about the subjects have been observed.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The research community consisted of all the nurses of Nikan Hospital in Tehran who were members in social networks in the spring of 2022, and 100 of them were selected through convenience sampling. And they responded to Hamric ​​et al.'s (2012) moral distress questionnaires, Young & Brown (1994) early maladaptive schemas, and Ryff (1989) psychological well-being. To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions were used simultaneously using SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that the correlation coefficients between moral distress and initial in compatible schemas with psychological well-being were negative and significant (p<0.01). Also early maladaptive schemas explain 65.9% and moral distress 44.2% of the variance of nurses' psychological well-being.

Based on the results of the research, it seems necessary to plan measures to train nurses and provide optimal solutions to resolve moral distress and initial incompatible schemas in order to improve the psychological well-being of nurses.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the social effects of facilitation offices in the marginal neighborhood of Malazinal in the Metropolis of Tabriz city. To do this, the 9-Step social impact assessment model proposed by Rabel Barge was used which is considered the first experience at the national level. The social impact assessment tool in this research were the data obtained from the documents and reports of the Facilitation Office, semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists as well as residents of the neighborhood, and field observations (including the street opening, construction of flyovers, parks, changing the sewer valves, water network replacement, etc.) and the other projects carried out in different parts of the neighborhood. The overall investigations and findings of this research show that despite the ethnic attitudes dominating the neighborhood as an inhibiting factor, the actions of the Malazinal Facilitation and Local Development Office were able to help the residents of the neighborhood and the studied community to contribute making the decisions in the form of circles and meetings of the local facilitation and development office. It played an important role in the advancement of projects. By increasing the social capital through individual and institutional trust building, increasing social solidarity, and facilitating social relations and social participation with an emphasis on networking, capacity building, education, and informing the people, as well as empowering the residents, the development was paved in this marginal neighborhood. Carrying out the necessary interventions overcome the obstacles preventing the development and empowerment of local communities requires sufficient time and budget, as well as the cooperation and synergy of the whole institutions, organizations, and socially active partners in this field.

Cyber infidelity in a sexual relationship is the most damaging form that family functioning affects all of them. Also, the present study, that aims to explain the causal model of cyber infidelity based on moral agency and emotional self-efficacy. Materialsand

The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. For this purpose, 264 people involved in online infidelity were purposefully selected from those who read or wanted a divorce referring to divorce prevention counseling centers in Tehran province in the spring and summer of 1400. Data collection tools included the Ducan-Morgan and Dukan (2007) cyber infidelity questionnaire, Black ethical agent scale (2016), and the Beverly et al emotional self-efficacy scale (2008).

According to the results, cyber infidelity was inversely related to emotional responsibility and self-efficacy. In total of 15% of the variance of cyber infidelity of spouses was explained through model variables. Responsibility (0.23), external attention (0.07), group pressure (0.11) and emotional self-efficacy (-0.22) had a direct effect on estimating spousal cyber infidelity. The indirect effects of responsibility (t-value = 2.74), group pressure (t-value = 2.6) and external attention (t-value = 1.99) were also observed by mediating the mediating role of emotional self-efficacy. EthicalConsiderations: This article is the result of a master of psychology dissertation at Payame Noor University.During the research process, the ethical principles in research with human subjects were observed based on the guidelines of the Islamic Republic of Iran/ including obtaining informed consent to participate in the research.

Considering the direct and indirect effects of the exogenous and mediating variables on cyber infidelity, it can be concluded that cyber infidelity can be decrease by enhancing responsibility and emotional self-efficacy.

The study of effective factors in promoting resilience is one of the goals of positive psychology, so the aim of this study was to determine the role of moral intelligence and distress tolerance in predicting resilience of students during coronation.

The present study was a correlation-analytical study. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2020-2021. The distress of Simon and Gaher (2005) and the resilience of Connor and Davidson (2003) responded. Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with SPSS software version 24 were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a direct and significant correlation between distress tolerance (r = -0.611) and moral intelligence (r = -0.613) with resilience (P <0.01). Also, the results showed distress tolerance (37.6%) and moral intelligence (45.1%) predict the variance of resilience. Ethical Considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsingi, informed consent and approval of the code of ethics. Discussion and

According to the results of the study, by increasing the tolerance of distress and promoting moral intelligence and their dimensions, students' resilience can be reduced during the corona; Therefore, in programs based on health promotion, it seems necessary to pay more attention to stress tolerance, moral intelligence and its promotion in students.