نشریه افق توسعه آموزش پزشکی
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1403)

With the subsidence of the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and its end, despite the identification of many strengths and weaknesses  of using virtual methods of education at that time, it was expected that this path would have received more attention and transformation. Examining the archive list of journals shows a decrease in articles in this field and it seems that research is moving away from this issue. The past has shown that big events sometimes appear unexpectedly, so the opportunity should not be missed. In the post-corona situation, when tranquillity has been established in the communities, it is the best time to continue planning in order to strengthen the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the best possible application of virtual training and develop appropriate programs and protocols with the approach of medical education. In this regard, we can benefit from the experiences of universities that have been pioneers in this matter in the past. Also, with field research by professors and students, appropriate solutions were adopted to improve the development of educational systems based on virtual space. Also, research in this field can be presented as a lesson unit in students' educational programs.

One of the active methods of teaching is peer education. Considering that one of the expected abilities of master's degree students in health education is teaching, this study was conducted with the aim of designing, implementing, and evaluating a virtual peer education program for students.

This study was carried out in 2021-2022 in two academic years at the Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, for master's students in education and health promotion in the course "Educational Technologies" based on the ADDIE educational design model. The steps of this model include analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, all of which were done by the student under the supervision of the teacher. Eight virtual contents were provided by students as peer education for other students. Each content was between 30 and 45 minutes, which was compiled based on the lesson plan and educational goals. In this process, input, process, and outcome were evaluated. Four levels of Kirkpatrick's model were used to evaluate the outcome.

Eight students participated in this study. In the first level of Kirkpatrick (students' reaction), the average score was 18.17 ± 0.54. In the second level of learning, the average pre-test score was 12.5 ± 3.5 and the average final exam score was 17.95 ± 1.02. In the third level or skills, the average score for how to conduct needs assessment was 18.5 ± 0.73, from the educational design, was 18.8 ± 0.51, from the of preparation and implementation of educational content and virtual teaching was 17.75 ± 0.92 and in the fourth level of Kirkpatrick, the average skills score in virtual education to people were 18.25 ± 1.50.

Virtual peer education is an effective way to improve the knowledge and skills of and in the digital age, it can be used alongside face-to-face training. This study helped to improve the virtual teaching skills in students of health education and promotion.

Emotional intelligence (EQ ) is one of the most important issues for achieving success in various areas of life such as education, job, social environment and mental health, and its improvement in medical students especially in the pre-clinical period can lead to their responsibility and better performance in future. Due to the lack of sufficient evidence and studies in the field of emotional intelligence among clinical and pre-clinical students, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the level of emotional intelligence in students of Tabriz medical university.

In this cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020, the statistical population was all medical students in Tabriz medical university, 350 students were selected using Cochran's sample size formula and stratified  random sampling method. Data collection in pre-clinical (basic sciences and physiopathology) and clinical (extern and internship) students, was done using the standard Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and in addition, the demographic information of students was recorded with a checklist prepared by researcher. After collecting data, it was analyzed with SPSS software.

The average age of students was 22.46±2.39 years. The overall emotional intelligence score was 28.49±5.86. The average of performance of the students and the grade in the entrance exam to university had a significant relationship with emotional intelligence, but no significant relationship was reported between gender and marriage with emotional intelligence. In a comparison between the students of Azad and International Pardis University, the average of emotional intelligence is higher than the students of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Native students had higher emotional intelligence than non-native. Emotional intelligence in students of clinical education level was significantly lower than those in pre-clinical level (P<0.05).

Results showed that the emotional intelligence of the students was at an average level, and considering the level of EQ in the clinical stages compared to the first years of education, in order to achieve greater professional success in the future of students, especially before attending the bedside and during the students' academic years, emotional intelligence skills workshops, and training recommended to strengthen social and emotional intelligence

Educational program evaluation is one of the most important strategies for receiving feedback and can lead to the dynamics of education. The aim of this study was to determine the self-assessment ability of medical students to use what they learned from the radiology internship.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 medical students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in 2018-2020. For all the participants, an individual information checklist was completed with the researcher made questionnaire, which was prepared to evaluate the ability to use radiology knowledge, Then the data were entered into SPSS version 25 software and analyzed.

The average score of the questionnaire was 37.37 ± 4.86 and the majority of the participants (87.5%) had a score of more than 30. The score of the radiology internship evaluation questionnaire was 35.37 ± 3.95 for people under 30 years old and 39.79 ± 4.82 for people 30 years and older. Also, the score was 39.78 ± 4.98 in 2018 graduates, 35.67 ± 4.06 in 2019 graduates, and 34.37 ± 2.79 in 2020 graduates. The score of the questionnaire assessing the ability to use the learnings of the radiology internship in people with less than one year of work experience was 33.10 ± 3.29, in people with one to three years of work experience was 37.48 ± 2.97 and 45.1 ± 2.42 in people with more than three years of work experience (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the score of the questionnaire according to gender and marital status.

According to the results, it can be concluded that the ability of the medical graduates to use what they have learned in the radiology training course is favorable.

Knowledge has different definitions. One of the most important definitions of knowledge is organized and analyzed information that can be used for problem solving and decision making. According to this meaning of knowledge, sharing it in any organization will improve the affairs and also it will increase the efficiency of that organization. The main purpose of this study is to evaluation of Knowledge sharing in vice chancellor for education of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 by census method. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and they were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The Persian version of the questionnaire was used in previous studies.

In this study, the total number of completed questionnaires was 86, of which 54 were female and 32 were male. The mean age of these individuals was 40.5 ± 9.4 years and the mean work experience was 15.2 ± 8.7 years. Most of the participants had a master's degree and in the second place, they had a bachelor's degree. Most people were also formally employed. The mean total score of the questionnaire was 2.7 ± 0.5. The highest mean score was related to structural factors (2.77 ± 0.5), followed by technology factors (2.74 ± 0.7), followed by leadership factors and human factors (2.72 ± 0.6). The lowest score was related to cultural factors (2.67 ± 0.7).

This study showed the fact that many employees and even employees with higher positions do not have enough information about knowledge sharing and management, can have a negative impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization in the long run.

Continuous improvement of the quality of the education system requires assessment of the performance of teachers in order to make more informed decisions regarding the improvement of teaching methods. The study aims to explore the educational performance of Mashhad health faculty members from the perspective of graduate students through a qualitative approach.

The study was conducted as a qualitative content analysis. The research population was post graduate students. Sampling was started based on the objective and continued until information saturation, i.e. no new information was received, in the form of theoretical sampling. It was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Immediately after conducting the interviews, the recorded voices of the participants were typed word by word in Word software and analyzed using MAXQDA10 software.

The functional challenges of professors from the point of view of postgraduate students were identified in four areas: structural, moral, scientific competence and communication skills in 10 subcategories (lack of time management, student abuse, lack of inclusiveness, not updating the curriculum, unavailability of faculty member, lack of specialized guidance, several teachers for one lesson, lack of expression, lack of knowledge, and lack of experience).

Updating educational curricula, more interaction between professors and students, using professors with executive skills and experience in related courses, strengthening communication skills and expression techniques, having patience and tolerance, and observing professional ethics can play an important role in the educational performance in faculty member.

One of the assessment methods of service quality in organizations is the gap analysis tool. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating validity and reliability of the service quality assessment tool in libraries and medical information centers in universities of medical sciences according to the gap analysis models.

A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the service quality assessment tool of libraries. It is considered as a tool development study that was carried out between July and September 2023. The statistical population included the users of the central library and document center of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (students, faculty members, and staff). First, the desired tool was designed through reviewing gap analysis studies and models (LibQUAL, DigiQUAL, and LibQUAL), which are service quality assessment models from the customers' point of view, and assessing services that can be provided in the libraries of medical sciences universities. Afterwards, it was sent to 15 librarians and library staff to estimate the validity of its content (CVI & CVR). To estimate its reliability (internal consistency), Cronbach's alpha was calculated. 

The study tool included eight main domains and 76 items. According to the results obtained in the validity study of the questions, the CVR score was 72items higher than the number of the Lawshe’s table (0.49), and all these items were confirmed. The scores of four items were lower than the number of Lawshe’s table, so they were excluded from the questionnaire. In the CVI assessment, all components scored above 0.79. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the items with a reliability of over 0.90 revealed that all eight main domains and 72 questions had the necessary validity.

The results demonstrated that the service quality assessment tool of libraries in medical sciences universities has the necessary validity and reliability properties. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable tool for measuring the quality of library services.

Academic satisfaction is an effective structure in education. Compliance with professional ethics standards by faculty members is very important. This present systematic review aims to assess the professional ethics of faculty members and its’ relationship with students' satisfaction with education.

In this systematic review, articles published between April 2014 and December 2023 were examined. Internal databases including,Noormags, Civillica, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar search engine were used to collect articles. In order to search the main keywords including Professional Ethics, students, faculty members, academic satisfaction were used in Persian sources. After evaluating the inclusion criteria and the quality of the articles, 14 studies were found to be eligible and included in the present study.

The results of past studies show that the professional ethics of faculty members was average. Among the components of professional ethics of faculty members, we can mention keeping students' secrets, professional ability, evaluating students, and communication skills. Among the dimensions of professional ethics, compliance with justice has the greatest impact on students' academic satisfaction. Since students feel gender discrimination, professors should be careful in implementing their procedures and act in such a way that students do not feel gender discrimination.

The results of the studies indicate the role and importance of professional ethics of faculty members on students' academic satisfaction.