فصلنامه فقه و تاریخ تمدن
سال سوم شماره 13 (پاییز 1386)

Tabaristan, due to its geographical situation and following the Muslim Arabs’ victories in Iran, still remained unconquered and unoccupied and was safe against any invasion.The lack of supervision and the domination of the first Omavids and Abbasid's Caliphs caused tabaristan to be selected as a shelter for the caliphate’s opponents, especially for the Alavids.The presence of the Alavids across this land and their co-existence with the local community caused the conversion tendency to Islam, especially among those interested. in the Alavid's manner of life, to develop. The oppression and cruelty of maziar, the ruler of Tabaristan, caused the Taherids to achieve power and authority over Tabaristan.Several years after the Taherid's rule, tyranny and hardness of their rulers and their representatives and delegates, including Muhammad- Ibne- Ouse and Jabir-Ibne-Herun, on the people of Kalar and Chaloos was so much so that an atmosphere for the people's revolt against the Taherids was provided. The Enthusiasm of people towards the Alavids, who found a rood mannor of life among the Sādāts, induced their tendency towards Hassan-Ibne-Zaid and bis being elected as the ruler of Tabaristan. Haesan-Ibne-Zaid, called the great claimer and challenger, under the support of people defeated the dominanace of the Taherids and local rulers, and established the first Aalvid rule across the Tabaristan land.

Daylam Zone, due to its mountaineous conditions and its. brave, hard-working. people, was one of the secure and suitable, areas for the Caliphs’ opponents and enemies during the earlier centuries of Islam.This territory was able to preserve its relative and local independence until the mid-third. century of Hijra against the local rule of Ispahbudan.Sometimes the refugees caused some revolts. against the: government, including the rebelion of Yahya-Ibne-Abdullah, who escaped with his life from the Fakh Event. Having escaped to Tabarestan from the Fakh Event, Yahya found certain admirers. He led the uprisings., against Harun and the Abbasid rules, but was martyred in 176 AH.

The abortion phenomenon has been prevailing among human beings since long ago. In modern civilized world, it is considered a common injury and loss and has extended rather widely due to different social, moral, and economic motives and circumstances. Nowadays, various countries have made different decisions on abortion problem. Some have forbidden it, while others have permitted it under certain, conditions.Under prevailing jurisprudence and laws in Iran, the abortion of fetus is mainly. prohibitted and is concidered a crime and a person who commits it must be punished. However, in certain conditions, it is permitted by law.This research paper is descriptive and in details through studying specific documents (the Quranic verses, traditions and imposed laws) in libraries.

Under the Islamic Jurisprudence the observance of sanctity of.. the marriage of the son-in-law and the mother-in-Law is binding. In Islam, a man cannot marry any close blood—relative female including sisters, mothers, aunts, and the like, who are.lmited in marriage. There are other women-folk who are forbidden to marry their sons-in-law such as mothers-in-law, sisters-in law and so on.There are also certain titles and names, in history that are.added to certain other names as suffixes such as Soleimtan-Ibut-Davood of Khutan.The term Khutan is. synonymous with son-in-law. Romans and Greeks considered the marriage among consanguines incest or forbidden.The Christ’s Creed extended this sanctity of marriage with close relatives, even up to the eighth level of blood-relatives. According to traditions and versions as well as decres, the marriage of the son-in-law with his mother-in-law is forbidden, whether through the formal marriage-tie or informal, whereas some believe that if the marriage consum consummation of the son-in-law with her daughter was done, the marriage of the son-in-law and his mother- in-law is prohibitted.

Ono of the topics considered in the context of internet is that of the internet murder. It means that the internet technology is a direct means of committment of this sort of murder. It occurs When the available data and information on the computer files and when through penetrating into data and shifting the information, not through the hardwares of such physical tools as knives,stones,and the like,the murder is committed.This paper is an attempt to study the topic of- this quest, and the expression of its different terms comparing this kind of murder with traditional ones,and then it goes on to express the situational principles and obligations to prove them true. The method applied in this research is subjective and fundamental which is characterized as discovery and deduction.

Salman has proved himself to be a pure true Muslim, with a good command of knowledge and wisdom according to traditions and versions.He was brought up in a family attributed to the off-springs of Manoochehr, an Iranian Pishdadian, king. He studied in Khoozestan, an academic and religious center of the Sasanid Period. He was believed to be a classmate of Harith Kaldeh Thaqafi.Salman received a great deal of experience during his trips for many years, through which he acquired a good command of knowledge and information concerning cultures, customs, and traditions of different nations and through his company with scientists and monks.There are a lot of stories and versions on his knowledge and jurisprudency and theosophyindicating Salman’s high scientific status. Holy Imam Ali(ass.) compares Salman to Sage Luqman, and the Holy Prophet(S.) has said: ‘If knowlodge were supposed to be in heavens, Salman would probably acquire it!’This paper, under different traditions and versions recounted from authenticated sources, is an attempt to study different aspects of Salman’s scientific and religious knowledge while considering his contextual, internal, and external lectures. The internal sections of this research are as follows:A. The classification, analysis, and proofs of Salman's knowledge B. The analysis of his words (to prove his scientiftc, literary and arbitratory character)C.The investigation of scientific and arbitratory aspects of his character in Persian poetry and letters.

To study the introduction of the endowments trustees appointment and affiliation, the appointment quality, their requirements and their functions, is of great importance.A trustee or a trustworthy individual, is a person who, by law, should preserve and maintain the trust or deposit in favor of another person or others. the appointment of an honest trustee is necessary under the following cases: 1.in case of the sin and dishonesty of the appointed trustee of the endowment, 2.when the trustee goes beyond the justice and enters into ccorruption, 3. due to the death of a trustee, 4.due to excessiveness or dissipation or waste, 5. during the prohibition of the trustee intervention in endowment matters.In each of the above-mentioned cases, if the honest trustee is not appointed, the endowments have no security. The trustees are responsible not to act excessively for three years in case of their being proves to be fallen into excessiveness or waste, then they are in charge of paying the damage. The endowment organization sholud supervise all the actions and operations of trustees thoroughly. They need. to see whether evrything is done efficiently and effectively or not. Certainly, through the complete supervision, the maintenance of development and proper usage of the endowments are realized efficiently and effectively.

The present paper is an attempt to study different aspects of history in scientific manners based on the scientific philosophy of history in the Qur’n, free from a single attitude, It also deals with the fact that history is like an educational source which -through the objective insight provides deliboration, and meditation as a source of transformation for its audience i.e., for all human beings, so that man is guided through. its, valuable tales, stories, events, and advice.