مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 32 (بهار 1393)

Obesity-induced changes in body mass due to lack of movement and poor diet is one of the important factors in adolescent children. It is becoming a big problem in new generation around world. Exercise and diet are more effective factors on obesity control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise and diet on body mass index in obese teen girls in schools of Karaj city، Iran. In this quasi-experimental study، 70 cases of adolescent students in 3th area of Karaj with class 1 obesity (BMI between 31 and 35)، were randomly assigned in control and intervention groups. Height، weight and BMI were measured in both groups before and after intervention. Interventions were include exercise and diet therapy about 1 hour، for 8 weeks. Paired and independent t tests used to data analysis based on SPSS software 17«Th. The average age of participants were 15. 33 years. There was a significant reduction in Intervention group after 8 weeks، while the control group has a little increase in BMI. The average mean of BMI in intervention group had a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0. 001). The results of this study show that regularly aerobic exercise and diet can reduce body mass index in school age girls. By the way finding the best intervention need more studies.

Based on human caring model, care should be a nursing value and should be evidence in ten carative factors between nurse and patient. Only in presence of these ten carative factors authentic care is done and client reaches to a higher level of equity and cure. It’s a teacher responsibility to make students familiar about the concept of care and it’s a requisite to know what it means in their perspective before. The aim of this article is assessing nursing student's perception of importance of caring nursing behaviors based on caring model. This is a descriptive study. The study tool Care-Q was given to all nursing students of Azad Islamic university branch of Saveh. 117 student were present at the time of study and they ordinate 50 caring behaviors written on distinct carts based on their importance in seven set not equal in their numbers. This tool based on human caring model of Watson categorized caring behaviours in six subgroups. Most important subgroups in perceptions of these students were accessibility, explanation and facilitation, monitoring and control, expectation and expecting patient's needs, comfort and trusting communication. The most important behavior was" to give medications and therapeutic acts timely" and the least importance behavior were" to ask patient what does want to be called by". It is explainable that no experienced nursing students give highest importance to therapeutic caring behaviors but based on human caring model in the process of education in nursing, they should catch insights to a holistic and authentic care considering all ten carative factors of Watson's caring model. An appropriate nursing curriculum with a holistic perspective should facilitate the context for human caring behaviors between nurse and patient and with applying new learning methods.

Human need for religion is as old as history. Because human have always been need strong supporter. One of the points that explain the relationship between religious attitudes and mental health, Sense of hope. Studies show that religion can be effective in creating a sense of hope, emotional relax, reduce of stress and help the problems solving. The aim of present research was to investigate relationships between religious orientation and hope with health anxiety among of women nurses of Imam Khomeini hospital. This is a descriptive in the context of the cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study was, all of women who nurses in the hospital in Sep 2010 in Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran have employed. By using sampling method, a people of the 70 from nurses selected. Tools used in this study were questionnaires of Snyder hopes questionnaire and health anxiety Salkovskis scale and religious orientation of Bahrami Ehsan scale. Dates were analyzed with using of Pearson correlation analysis. The result of statistical analysis shows that there is significant relationship between religious orientation and hope (P<0.01). But there is no relationship between religious orientation and health anxiety (P>0.05). Also there is an inverse relationship between hope and health anxiety (P>0.05). The results of this study show with the strengthening of the religious dimensions and the emphasis on mental health keeping in nurses can be strengthened their hope. If they have a positive understanding of the cognitive components and religious attitudes, Will have high commitments to do their duties.

Parturition is one of the most painful experiences of women and the reduction it's are important goals of nursing care, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of massage on pain levels in women at parturition were nulliparous. The subjects of this research were 30 women, selected voluntarily and they have been put in two experimental and control group. The experimental group of active dilatation 4-3 cm to dilatation 10-8 cm under received massage therapy as a 10-minute massage and 10 minutes were resting, while the control group were not under any a kind of intervention. Perscent Behavioral Intensity (PBI) Scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale was used to measure pain. The data were statistically by ANOVA using SPSS-18. Results showed that pain scores in experimental group in dilatations of 4-3 cm, 5-7 and 8-10 cm are significantly reduced compared with control group. Statistical analysis showed that massage therapy reduces pain Labor compared with the control group. Massage may reduce pain through modulation of pain transmission pathway.

Depression and anxiety are psychological problems in hemodialysis patients. It seems that social support can improve depression and anxiety in these patients. But the rate of this relationship has not been studied completely in dialysis population in Iran yet. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the relationship between social support and depression, and anxiety in hemodialysis patients of Mahabad Imam Khomeini's hospital. This study was a descriptive- correlation study. All the 60 patients of Imam Khomeini's hospital in 2009 with chronic renal failure which were under hemodialysis treatment entered this study using available sampling considering elimination and acceptance standards. Data collecting instruments were the demographic questionnaire, the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) (validity and reliability confirm by kaviani et al) and social support (validity and reliability confirm by zamanzadeh et al) questionnaire. After collecting questionnaires, data were analyzed using SPSS v.14. For data analyzing the researcher used descriptive statistics, Chi- square test, and correlation coefficient. Findings indicated that 62% of patients had symptoms of depression and 46% had symptoms of anxiety within the abnormal limits (more than 11). The highest suitable social support in emotional field was (%64) and the highest undesirable social support in instrumental field was (%72). Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between social support and the rate of depression (P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation showed a negative relationship (r=-%42). There was also a meaningful and negative relationship between depression and social support (r=-%48, P<0.05). Findings confirmed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety is high in hemodialysis patients and there is a significant relationship between social support and depression. It seems that regarded social support includes support in instrumental, emotional and information in nursing care can improve mental health in hemodialysis patients.

Improvement in technology has resulted in sedentary lifestyle with increasing risk of non communicable diseases. Identifying physical activity level and its associated beliefs in adolescent girls can facilitate the planning of programs for improving health promotion. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical research that was conducted through multistep randomized sampling in 636 student from 7 public middle school of Rafsanjan city. Data were collected via a 3 part questionnaire (demographic, level of physical activity over the last 7 days and beliefs regarding exercise). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16) and including descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, …) and deductive statistics (t-test, ANONA). About 52% of students had inadequate physical activity. Only 4.2% had adequate physical activity. This study found that there was a significant relationship between physical activity level and the level of parents´ education (P=0.019 and P=0.044). There were no significant relationship between physical activity and age, BMI, economic status of family and employment status of parents (P>0.05). In addition results showed that majority of students were strongly agree with the encourage role of teacher of physical educations (71.1%) parent (61%) and athletes (59.7%). Given the importance of physical activity in adolescent girls, health policy makers should make appropriate measures through education and counseling to encouraging this vulnerable group and their parents to do appropriate physical activity and having active life style to promote community health.

To safely prescribe medication in clinic, drug calculation ability is one of the basic skills that nurses must have. The major cause of medication errors is wrong dose calculation prescribed by nurses. This study aims to enhance the drug calculation ability of nurses of Hazrate Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Najaf Abad. It was a quasi-experimental approach in which questionnaire was used to collect data. The population was nurses working in Hazrate Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Najaf Abad. Sampling method was convenience sampling. First, by using a researcher made questionnaire, pre-test was conducted from 43 people of the population. Then, intervention was done through workshops and after three weeks, the post-test was done. Reliability determined by using internal consistency and by split-half reliability and calculating Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient was 0.93. Data analysed with SPSS statistical software version 18 and statistical tests such as independent t-test, sign, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, McNemar and Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed. Out of the 43 nurses participating in the study, 21 nurses (48.8%) were at the intermediate level before training and after training all the nurses (n=43, 100%) were at the advanced level and answered at least 83% of the questions correctly. Before performing drug calculations course, the mean score of female nurses was 14.52 and the mean score of male nurses was 18.93 and the total mean score of nurses was 15.93. In the beginning, there was a significant difference between the scores of male and female nurses (P<0.05) and male nurses had higher total drug calculation score. After taking the course, the mean scores of female nurses increased to 23.03 and male nurses to 23.29 and the total mean score of nurses to 23.12, and a significant difference between the scores of the nurses in the sample and in both males and females in the drug calculation test before and after the course was observed (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate an increase in drug calculation abilities of nurses based on their score improvement in drug calculation in written test which was performed before and after intervention. According to the findings, the need for nurses in drug calculations was clear and by planned and ongoing training, these skills that are sensitive in preventing medication errors can be increased. Considering the importance of the issue and the reduced mastery of drug calculations that has been observed, it is suggested that these programs continue in different working periods of nurses so that they would be effective.

Cancer patients need a comprehensive nursing care. Knowing nurse caring behaviors as perceived by patients helps to facilitate quality nursing care based on priorities identified by patients. Purpose of this study is identifying nurses caring behaviors as was perceived by cancer patients. This is a cross- sectional study conducted on 200 patients who had been admitted to hospital’s medical oncology setting, in Tehran between 2012-2013. These patients were selected by proportional allocation sampling. Data was collected via Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI). All of the samples completed the inventory. Reliability and validity were assessed in 2007 by Rafii et all. Cronbach's alpha was %92. Data analysis was done by SPSS v.16. According to the findings order of scoring subscale was: Professional knowledge & skill (5.5), Attentiveness to other's experience (5.13), Assurance of human presence (5.11) Respectful to the others (4.94), Positive connectedness (4.93). Since from the patients point of view the nurse's Professional knowledge & skill is seen more and Positive connectedness is seen less, it seems that nurses as well as maintaining their knowledge and skill should attempt to consider emotional and relational aspect of their caring behaviors for patients. This important aspect of caring, should be mentioned by nursing managers in during educational planning and nurses evaluation as well as staff distribution, Particularly in oncology wards. The lack of adequate personnel may not only cause unwanted neglect of the emotional aspect of nursing care, but also decreasing the quality of nursing care in all aspects.