فهرست مطالب ایرج فقیری

The Ports have dynamic systems with random and complex patterns, which consist of several entities that have complex relationships. The complexity of ports, the need to serve modern ships from the port and the high costs of the industry make necessary the need for a flexible and dynamic tool to manage ports in assessing future needs, determining appropriate indicators for performance evaluation and the possibility of comparing them with other standards. The productivity of ports is an important condition in order to survive in the global competition of shipping trade. Because Creating infrastructures, equipment and developing facilities in ports are very expensive to implement and purchase, Therefore their inefficient use causes loss of capital and increase in operating costs of ports. Therefore, goals such as having a container terminal with high operational capacity, high productivity rate of equipment, reducing unloading and loading times, reducing the waiting time of ships, reducing traffic and congestion of ships and trucks in the container terminal, as well as reducing investment and operating costs is very important. The purpose of this research is to provide a dynamic model to evaluate the performance of Shahid Rajaei port container terminal in such a way that it is possible to estimate the key indicators of container operations parametrically in any time frame and make the necessary decisions.

The present research is practical in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of data collection method. In this research, loading and unloading operations at the quayside in container terminals of Shahid Rajaei port, including sea and port sections, have been simulated using ARENA software. For the design of the model and its validation, information of the shipping vessels entering Shahid Rajaei port during the 2nd quarter of 2020 is used.

The development of two scenarios of the current situation and the situation before the economic sanctions were applied. In the productivity section of quays and gantry cranes, the results showed that in the current situation, the average occupancy rate of the high-traffic quays on the eastern and front side and their gantry cranes were 27 and 34% respectively, with the change in the rate of ship arrivals and the application of conditions before the sanctions, the average occupancy rate of the quays and gantry cranes has increased and reached about 39 and 50 percent, respectively. Regarding the waiting time of ships, it was also observed that in the second scenario (situation before the imposition of sanctions) with the increase in the number of incoming ships in large and medium sizes, the waiting time of all ships, especially in medium and very small groups, has increased significantly.

Considering the desirability of the indicators of the occupancy rate of the quays and the ratio of waiting time to service time in both scenarios, there is no need to develop resources in any of the scenarios.

Khure Musa area with high ecological and biological importance and accommodated divers fauna can be influenced by huge pollutants industrial discharge, it is necessary to monitor in this critical environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major groups of chemical pollutants owing to their widespread distribution in the environment and carcinogenic and mutagenic effects to living organisms.
In this study distribution and sources of 15 PAHs and their sources in the sedimentsof estuaries khure Musa were determined. Sampling and analysis were perfprmed in july 2010. Samples of sediment collected from five Estuarine, namely Jafari, Ahmadi, Ardoleh, Ghazaleh and merimos. Collected samples were immediately transferred to hexane rinsed glass jars with aluminum foil inserts and transported in dry ice to the laboratory and kept frozen at -20 °C prior to analysis. An aliquot of the samples were taken for dry weight determination. The sediments were dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate and soxhlet, following extraction for about 8 hours using dichloromethane. The extract was then charged to 1st step and 2nd step column chromatography to fractionate hydrocarbons. The fractions were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). The recovery of PAHs was more than 70%.
The total concentrations of PAHs in sediment were ranged from 703 to 3302 ng/g Dry weight. The highest concentration were observed at stations Jafari,Ahmadi and Ardoleh, respectively. The sediment samples from the khure Musa can be considered moderate to high polluted with PAHs. The results of study suggested that the main sources of PAHs in Estuaries of Khure Musa are a mixture of both pyrolitic and petrogenic with predominant petrogenic imputes in jafari estuarine.

The Persian Gulf area has approximately two-thirds of the words oil resources and many of the marine ecosystems of its areas are seriously threatened by oil pollution. Therefore، the study on the status of oil pollution in the Persian Gulf is considerable. Vanadium and Nickel are by far the largest traced metal constituents of crude oil. Their presence in high concentration in marine sediments may indicate direct input from oil pollutants. Therefore، Vanadium and Nickel are two important indicators of oil pollution. In this study، concentrations of these elements as well as their ratio (V/Ni) in the rocky shore oysters (Saccostera cucullata) and in the sediments of Bushehr province coasts were determined. The sampling and analysis were performed in February 2012. Samples were collected from rocky shores of four stations; Genaveh، Bushehr، Dayer and Nyband Gulf. The samples were acid digested and analyzed for heavy metal content using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (YOUNGLIN، Model ASS 8020). The average concentrations of Ni and V in the sediment samples were varied from 22. 48 to 51. 10 μg/g dry weight and 7. 64 to 31. 53 μg/g dry weight، respectively. While their average concentrations in oyster sample were varied from 4. 22 to 10. 51 μg/g dry weight and 1. 26 to 6. 2 μg/g dry weight، respectively. The V/Ni ratios of the Persian Gulf crude oil/residues do not correlate with those of the sediments due to the alteration of the relationship between the two metals in the sediments. Based on Muller geochemical index (Igeo)، sediment quality for Ni and V is in class 0 (unpolluted).

The port of Imam Khomeini is located in the north-west of the Persian Gulf where ships and vessels traffic and the existence of several industries especially petrochemical industries caused the influx of various organic and non-organic contaminants such as heavy metals into the ecosystem. Heavy metals are the major group of dangerous contaminants in marine environment. Due to their persistence، they may enter aquatic food chains and transfer from one trophic level to another. They may be harmful for human being which is placed at the top of the food chain. In this study، sediments were sampled from 5 stations including harbors of Petroshimi، Doc Sorsoreh، No. 15، No. 28 and No. 33 in the port of Imam Khomeini during March 2010. The samples were freeze dried and acid digested in order to determine their heavy metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The ranges of Hg، Cd، Pb and Cu in sediments were 0. 5 to 4. 4، ND (≤0. 5)، 3. 2 to 8. 2 and 15. 2 to 19. 8μg/g of dry weight respectively. The highest contamination of Hg، Pb and Cu were measured in harbor of Petroshimi station while the lowest level of these metals was measured in harbor No. 28. Among all metals، concentration of Hg in sediments were more than standard limits. This can be dangerous for public health. Therefore، regular monitoring of heavy metals، especially mercury in this area is recommended.