حسین آزاد

Mental health -as one of the two primary elements of health- is a requirement for a effective, positive and pleasant life. Also mental health of people in a society, especially that of the effective groups, is necessary for the dynamism and development of the society. The primary role of university students as future’s managers in every society shows the necessity of ensuring their mental health, finding and eliminating the negative elements affecting the mental health. Goal: This research has been done to investigate the Correlation of Social Support tolerance and Mental Health. The subjects were 1233 Children of Martyrs and war-disabled in Universities of Ilam (338 students of Associate’s Degree: 27.41 percent, 895 students of B.A: 72.58 percent. Using KORJSI AND MORGAN, 297 students were selected unintentionally and filled in the questionnaire of GOLDBERG and HILYER’S (1997) TOLERANCE AND PHILIP’S SOCIAL SUPPORT. For analyzing the results, in addition to descriptive variables, one way variance analysis, T-TEST AND structural equation modeling WERE USED. Results Findings in this research indicate a significant relationship between Social Support and Mental Health (0.333), Social Support and tolerance (0.331) and also tolerance and mental health (0323). In this regard, social support of other important people in life (0.67), social support of the family (0.56), social support of friends (0.42) have the most significant relationship with mental health. Also in the step by step regression model, social support 0.411, social support and tolerance 0.614 predict mental health variance. Also, In structural equation modeling, the direct effect of support on health is 0.411, the indirect effect of support on health is 0.42 and the direct effect of tolerance on health is 0.15. Discussion and Conclusion Social support is one of the most powerful predictors of mental health, in a sense that the more extended social network support the person has, the more mentally healthy he is. Vaccinating the individuals against stressful situations before happening, social support reduces the rate of mental stress. On the other hand, tolerance is a factor which enhances the rate of life satisfaction since it reduces individual's negative emotions and increases the mental health rate. Also tolerance is defined as a resource to overcome the difficulties in life more easily, to resist against stress and eliminating their psychological effects. Findings in this research, parallel to other researches, indicate that people with high levels of tolerance, keep their psychological health in stressful and tough situations and enjoy psychological adaptation.

Internet addiction points to kind of behavior dependency which person applies it confront with problems. The personality traits are consistent trait in length of time that unchanged in one situation to another situation. Researches showed that personality traits have important effect on internet addiction therefore this research had designed to explore this relationship in adolescents in Tehran. Sample of the study that has done in spring 2008, include 361 high school students that chosen by cluster sampling method and evaluated by Young internet addiction (20 questions) and NEO PI – R questionnaires. Students were empowered to response in this research and their information was saving confidentially. The statistic manner that used in this research includes Pearson’s correlation coefficient and step by step regression analysis. Results of the research indicated that relationship between neuroticism and internet addiction in female adolescents (P<0.01, r=0.4) and both males and females (all) was significant (P<0.01, r=0.25). Relationship between agreeableness (P<0.05, r=0.17) and conscientiousness (P<0.05, r=0.17) with internet addiction in males reached statistical significance, too. Internet addiction has relationship with some personality traits in adolescents such as neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness.

This research is about the expressed emotions in the complete works of lyrical poems from Attar, Molavy, Sady, Hafez and Sahriar. Sample was chosen by random and analyzed by a valiable and reliable (=) chek list. Research findings indicated to percent of complet works to express clear emotion. Types of emotions including Love emotion, sadness and then happiness had high frequency. These positive and negative emotions had high intensity. Expressed emotions in the poems are different in each poem book and they match with the features of each poet s personality and they show certain personality-emotional type of the poets expressing emotions of high intensity.

A participants were selected on the basis of BECK and KHATEBORESH25 test on the basis of divided attention and excitement test. I n the first test, 240 participants in situation of divided attention (full concentration) and fear excitement and (lack of fear excitement) received some lists of associated words(semantically).After one hour they were asked to recognize and re-read the words. In the second test, 240 participants recognized and re-read them for one hour in situation of divided attention. The results showed that in these tests, divide attention situation and fear excitement leads to an increase in false re-reading and recognizing the words and pictures. The results also showed that participants considerably remember the false words and pictures. It is to mention that the results on the basis of the mentioned theories will be discussed in false memory.

The main purpose of this research was to construct and standardize an organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test among industrial-productive and administrative-serving Organizations in Isfahan city. For this purpose the first organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic questionnaire was prepared with questions on the basis of preliminary administration on workers (from industrial-productive and from administrative-serving Organizations) and theoretical constructions. Then, operant workers were randomly selected (from industrial-productive and from administrative-serving Organizations) and the questionnaire was administered to them. Finally, items were selected for organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test on the basis of two criteria including positive correlation with a total score of test and positive factorial load on only one factor. The construct validity of the test was investigated with an exploratory factor analysis and Varimax method of rotation. Six factors were found: dramatic (with questions), depressed (with questions), psychotic (with questions), paranoid (with questions), anxious (with questions), obsessive-compulsive (with questions), organizations. These six factors accounted for percent of the total scales variance. Eigen value of this factors were and. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability showed that the alpha for six sub-scales was. and respectively. The split-half coefficients also were. and respectively. The result of test-retest showed that timing reliability coefficients of the scale and sub-scales were. and and the total was significant (P<) the total test-retest coefficients also were in addition to evidences related to the validity and reliability questionnaire, statistical standards, such as mean, standard deviation, percentile ranks (from to percentile ranks) and standard scores (such as Z,T and Stanine scores) was also prepared and presented.

ADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of mental pressure and are seen to undergo depression, feeling of restriction, increased frustration, decreased capability and self-confidence as well as conjugal disputes. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of training parents how to control child's behavior on reduced symptoms of ADHD, improved child's behavior and on decreased proclivity to suffer from depression in the mothers of children suffering from ADHD. For this purpose, students aged suffering from ADHD with a history of referrals to the counselling and mental health centers in Sari were selected purposefully on the basis of clinical interviews and their responses on SNAP-IV questionnaire. Subsequently, the sample subjects were matched for age, gender, and education and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. On the sessions training for child-control skills within the experimental group, only mothers were trained for hours in accordance with Barclay's and forhand's programs. However, the control group received no training through to the end of the posttest.

Hyperactivity-attention deficit are disorders with a conspicuous prevalence (3 to 5 percent) that is characterized at the beginning of school education period and results in serious problems for the individual. Family and the school educationally, behaviorally and communicatively, Thus the present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of each of the therapeutic methods including behavioral, behavioral-cognitive pharmaceutical and combinational (a combination of the methods mentioned). the subjects of the present study were 9-14 year-old referrals to psychiatry and counseling centers. They were recognized as sufferers from the disorder based on the results of a psychiatry interview and the CSI-4 questionnaire. 75 subjects were randomly selected from among all the referrals and were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one control group (15 in each). The independent variable of the study consisted of the therapeutic methods, which were applied to the therapeutic groups during 10 sessions of treatment: the dependent variable was thd degree of ADHD disorder. The techniques and methods assigned to the therapeutic groups consisted, respectively, of: coupon economics and the operant conditioning for the behavioral therapy, Mikenbam k self-instruction method for the behavioral-conditiive group, prescribing Ritalin for the pharmaceutical group and finally all the above mentioned methods for the combinational group. The control group received no intervention during this period. The posttest was administered to the experimental and the control groups simultaneously one week after the accomplishment of the therapeutic intervention. The results of the study were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc. The results indicated that there has been a significant difference between the effectiveness of the therapeutic methods and ADHD (P< 0.05 and F 4 4.70=69.504). The tukey post-hoc indicated that there was a significant difference, in terms of the pretest=posttest score differences and ADHD symptom elimination, between behavioral and pharmaceutical (P<0.05), between behavioral and combinational (P< 0.05), between behavioral and control (P<0.05), between behavioral-cognitive and combinational (P<0.05), between behavioral-cognitive and control (P<0.05), between pharmaceutical and control (P<0.05), also between combinational and control (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the behavioral and behavioral-cognitive (P<0.05), between behavioral-cognitive and pharmaceutical (P<0.05), also, between pharmaceutical and combinational (P<0.05).

This experimental study is based on behavioral–cognitional biochemical theories of psychological disturbance treatment and its goal in order to evaluate relative the function of cognitional behavioral – medical treatment techniques combination and their total impact on practical and mental obsession disturbances. There fore, we selected four groups of people randomly, each of which included 8 clinic clients. The findings show that there is no significant variation in terms of age, level of education, suffering duration and gender. However, getting married presents cause a significant variation among clients. The first and the second assumption analysis indicates that each treatment technique alone may alleviate obsession, depression, anxiety, altering beliefs, unconscious insanity symptoms and may lead to patient relative social tolerance. The analysis of the third assumption indicates that medical treatment and cognition – behavioral techniques combination to be more efficient than any single treatment comparing to control group of waiting list. The fourth assumption analysis shows cognition – behavioral technique of treatment advantage to medical treatment in terms of all indexes except of depression relief.

This study is conducted to investigate the relative efficacy of behavioral cognitive techniques, medical therapy and their combination in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Methods and Material: This study is based on behavioral-cognitive theories and biochemical treatment of mental disorder. Four groups of 8 were randomly selected from among single and married men and women referring to psychotherapy clinics. Obsessive compulsive disorder scale of Madsly, Bell Brown, Salkovskis, Van open and medicinal treatment were used for measurement. No Significant differences were found to exist between the subjects as for their age, education, sex and duration of suffering from the disorder; however, the difference was significant in their marital status. Also, each individual treatment procedure reduced the symptoms of obsession, depression and anxiety, changed their beliefs, unhealthy feeling and partially improved their social adaptation. However, the combination of medicinal and behavioral-cognitive techniques had higher efficacy. Behavioral-cognitive procedure came up to be superior to medical therapy except in improving depression.

In this research, the effect of movie and caricature on students’ attitude toward drug addiction is measured.124 students(61 male and 63 female) from Tehran’s 7th district high schools were selected by using muli-stage cluster sampling method. The samples were randomly distibuted in three 21-member groups including control group, caricature group and documentary movie. All groups were pre-tested by using addiction attitude measuring scale (Form A). Then, the test goups were represented with dependent variables of movie and caricature but the control group received no variable. After two weeks, all groups were post-tesed by using addiction attitude measuring scale (Form B). The assumptions were analyzed by applying correlated t-tests, two-way variance analysis and Tucki’s pursuance test The results indicated that movie and caricature are effective in changing students’ attitudes toward addiction, the effects of movie differed from the effects of caricature but there was no difference between them in changing the attitude of male and female students.

Recent research on the basis of documented and comprehensive studies have indicated that besides individuals who are dependent on a certain type of drug, one can find considerable number of other individuals who are exposed to drug addiction from the viewpoint of their personality. The article with regard to these researches and in order to look into the diagnostic value of three sub-scales of addiction acknowledgement (AAS), Addiction Potential (APS) and Mac Andrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised (MAC.R) has been designed on the basis of Minnesota Multi-phasic Personality Inventory. After conducting a joint pilot study, a form is prepared comprising 90 questions and was implemented by involving 108 addicts who voluntarily sought treatment as well as 500 students who went through random sample-taking from the four educational groups of medicine, arts, engineering and humanities at Tehran universities. The answers to the following questions were analyzed:1-Is there a relationship between drug consumption and the result of the drug abuse scale?2-Is there a relationship between gender and the result of drug abuse potential scale?3-Is there a relationship between the results of educational groups as far as the addiction potential scale is concerned?