آرزو غفوری

The lived experience of work and technology teachers from the design and using of infographic lesson plans in Blended learning: A phenomenological study Infographics is a technology for presenting information visually and graphically. The study analyzes the lived experience of work and technology teachers in Khuzestan province from compiling and using infographic lesson plan based on qualitative approach and phenomenological method. With the expansion of Blended learning (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), it seems necessary to use a new lesson plan that fits the electronic platform. The participants were selected with a criterion sampling strategy, Therefore, people were selected who, while willing to cooperate with researchers, had many years of teaching experience and had participated in the training workshop on how to prepare an infographic lesson plan an Structured interview and email interview technique was used to collect information, for this purpose, an interview was conducted with 15 work and technology teachers of Khuzestan province. The information were analyzed using Colaizzis method. To validate the findings, strategies such as triangulation and exchange of opinions with peers were used. The themes extracted include: the creation of human factors (the learning dimension of the audience, the awareness dimension of the audience, special opportunities for teachers and special opportunities for students); The nature of the infographic lesson plan (multifacetedness, special features and deconstruction); Was. According to the obtained results, the use of an infographic lesson plan leads to the possibility of quickly reviewing a topic, explaining complex processes, displaying findings, comparing and contrasting different options, and increasing the audience's awareness of a topic. The technology of learning tools such as multimedia makes students get involved in learning and learn with interest. The results were reported in the form of models as well as narratives.

Positive development during adolescence has lifelong consequences; developmental assets frameworks contribute to the well-being of newcomers, including avoiding high-risk behaviors and engaging in positive or thriving behaviors. One of the main concerns of educational systems is trying to find ways to improve students' academic performance. The statistical population of the research was all ninth grade students of Qazvin province. Various psychological factors can affect academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal and external developmental assets in predicting the academic performance of ninth grade students in work and technology and social studies. With the cluster sampling strategy, the questionnaires were provided to the students in a Shad environment. Regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. The results of the present study indicate that the correlation (relationship) between the variable of developmental assets and its subscales and students 'performance in work and technology and social studies is significant, which with increasing students' developmental assets score, their academic performance also improves.

We explored and analyzed the dimensions of enhancing students’ interest in work and technology courses curriculum in junior high schools by dimensional analysis of the perceptions of students and teachers of vocational work and technology courses and based on the grounded theory and Schatzman dimensional analysis. Students were selected based on criterion, quota and convenience sampling methods. Thirty students of the seventh, eighth and ninth grades who were interested in attending the interview were selected by convenience and interviewed. Interviews were conducted based on quota sampling and selection of 10 students from each grade. Data were analyzed based on Schatzman's three-step method and the explanatory matrix tool. This analysis consists of three stages and as an organization plan, including a. dimensioning/design b. segregation; c. integration/reintegration. These steps are not linear and are provided only sequentially for ease of presentation. Schatzman proposed dimensional analysis in three steps using an explanatory matrix tool.

An ethics-based education system leads to a transcendental society full of moral behaviors. The core of a values-based curriculum is to provide the grounds for the trainers and trainees through goals, content, teaching methods, evaluation methods and learning activities to get familiarize with moral virtues and internalize these values and moral merits in their thought, speech, and action via genuine activities. In this research, an attempt was made based on grounded theory and using Clarke's approach to analyze the situation of ethical behaviors not being shaped in accordance with the Islamic-Iranian model in students.   To this end, purposive sampling method was utilized and group interviews were conducted with informal conversations. Data analysis was done using the mapping method and the analytical organization of data was consolidated by constructing three types of maps, namely situational, social worlds/arenas, and positional maps.  To validate the findings, methods such as member checking as well as triangulation were utilized. Analyzing the obtained data on effective components in ethical behaviors not being shaped in students led to identifying eight components including "individual human agents, collective human agents, non-human components, method-based components, social components, evaluation-based components, and content and performance-based components.” The results revealed that in the destructive phenomenon of ethical behaviors not being shaped in students, there is a wide gap between the existing goals, content, methods, performance and assessment components regarded by parents, teachers and textbooks and their genuine counterparts. The results of the study were reported by drawing three maps and statement of the theory through expression of narratives and drawing figures.

The training that employees receive can affect the service quality outco mes. Teaching programming to teac hers is a priority for effective learning and effectiveness. Innovative approa ches in training the human resources should be used so that the organization has knowledgeable and skilled human resources. One of the new methods that have been present ed in developed countries to strength hen the motivation and ability to solve problems in people is to teach the programming. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching programming for teachers based on "Kirkpatrick model." The research population was all those who parti cipated in the in-service program mming courses for teachers who participated in these courses in the academic year of 2010-2019. The tool at the first, third and fourth levels was the standard questionnaire for evaluating the effectiveness of train ing courses based on Kirkpatrick's model. The measuring tool of the second level (learning) was a question nnaire designed by a programming expert. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were checked. Research questions were analyzed with one-sample t-test and correlated t-test. The results of the analysis of the data collected from the in-service programming course for teachers showed that with a probability of 95%, holding in-service program mming courses for teachers has an effect on the level of reaction, learning, behavior and results.

Aiming to promote the creativity level of 9th grade Iranian high school pupils, the present study was conducted by using the great potential of the action research method. For this purpose, three independent and related measures were utilized to investigate the effectiveness of designed interventions and the variability of pupils' creativity. Torrance's creativity questionnaire was used to collect data from a girls state high school in Qazvin city.
Moreover, the analysis of weekly notes and observations indicated that students' creativity has been improved in the studied components. In general, the results strongly suggested that the action research method can be used to change and improve educational environments and especially to improve the performance of human agents.
TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving, is recognized as one of the most effective tools for envisioning engineering designs and solving difficult problems. The importance of triage has been confirmed in various fields where its applications induce excellent results (Sheu et al., 2020).
Work and technology courses have been included in the official education system of the country since 2013. According to the country's need for jobs and technological skills, education has adjusted the course of work and technology (Abolhasani and Safai Movahed, 2018). Cultivating creativity creates the confidence that the society can make better use of its human resources and talents in that society. Creative ideas are often found among the strange and unexpected emanations of our minds. The creative mind thinks differently and moves in inexperienced and unusual directions. As well as, a creative person can interpret to think from one dimension of the subject to other dimensions and, as a result, produce various and varied ideas. Technological training, work and skill training will lead to personal progress, increase in productivity, participation in social and economic life, reduction of poverty, increase in income and development. In today's era, with the increasing momentum of the job-seeking population, businesses will survive if their owners have enough creative ideas in producing and presenting their products to customers. According to this principle, fostering students' creativity will be effective in their future career success. Researchers have tried to improve the dimensions related to the problem by involving students and choosing to provide solutions and implementing them step by step in a 5-month process. For this purpose, the following questions were asked:To what extent is the creativity of students in interpersonal interactions and doing group work in ninth grade students?
What changes have students' creativity undergone after the interventions made by researchers?
In this regard, 31 pupils relevant and interested in the research were selected after constellation by school's executive officers. Then three main and effective solutions, taken on the basis of TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving, is recognized as one of the most effective tools for envisioning engineering designs and solving difficult problems, were considered to improve the level of creativity of pupils. The process of all three interventions in this action research is presented as independent but interrelated cycles. Each cycle includes 4 levels of planning, action, observation, and reflection. In the planning stage, an attempt was made to determine the field of study, and after the necessary coordination with the high school administration, the documents that helped to clarify the current situation were examined. In the following, an action research plan was formulated, and in this plan, three actions were taken.
Since action research requires the effective participation of relevant and interested people in the research, we tried to get the favorable opinion of the school's executive officers and students by stating the necessity of implementing this plan. For this purpose, a briefing session was held to provide the basis for the implementation of optimal measures at the level of each class.
In the following, the main aspect of the uncertain situation was selected for action research. Among the solutions that were proposed to improve the level of creativity of students, three main and effective solutions were considered. In the initial state, the pre-test was held. Then, according to the plan, 3 measures were taken according to the condition of the participants. After the end of the actions, the post-test was held. In this way, 2 sets of data were collected. Correlated t-test was used to analyze the data. This test is used to determine the difference between the dispersion of scores of correlated groups (Zare, Talebi and Saif, 2019, p. 132).
Initial introduction to motion graphics: The principles of Terez along with their examples were prepared by the researcher in the form of attractive motion graphics and were given to the students in the class to familiarize themselves with Terez in general.
Podcast of creative engineering stories: Creative engineering stories were prepared as a podcast, and a podcast was broadcast every session and the students were taught the basics.
Asking the students to do homework: After listening to the podcast, the students were careful in the surrounding environment and prepared examples for the principles. Then, for the next session, they would present the principles and examples they had found to their teacher in the form of flash cards that were also visually beautiful. Measurement in the initial state: by means of by Torrance's creativity intelligence questionnaire, a pre-test was performed in the initial state and in order to enter the data into the SPSS software, the questionnaires were saved. Measurement after successive actions: after the actions taken, the students completed Torrance's creativity questionnaire in the framework of the post-test. Questionnaire sheets of stage 2 were also collected and archived. Crediting Validation of the solution means carrying out an activity during which the researcher ensures the effectiveness of the solution he has chosen (Seif Elahi, 2017, p. 100). For this purpose, four validation methods were used in action research such as self-validation, validation by colleagues, academic validation and popular validation (Qasmi-Poya, 2011, pp. 122-123).
In the initial state, the pre-test was held. Then, according to the plan, three measures were administrated. After the end of the actions, the post-test was held. To analyze the data collected, a correlated t-test was used to determine the difference between dispersion of the scores of correlated groups. Because the calculated significance level of total creativity variables, flexibility, and expansion subscale is smaller than alpha 0.05, we may claim with a probability of 95% confidence that the level of total creativity and subscales of fluidity, flexibility, innovation, and expansion variable, there is a significant difference between trained and untrained pupils.

The aim of the study was to analyze the economic ownership challenges of employed married women with a qualitative approach. The statistical population included all employed married women. The research sample was 20 employed married women who were selected through purposive sampling procedure and interviewed using the standardized open-ended interview. After interviewing the 15th person, data saturation was achieved. The qualitative research design was carried out based on grounded theory and relying on Glazer's design. For data analysis, the substantive coding and theoretical coding method was implemented and in order to increase the accuracy of data analysis, MAXQDA version 12 was used. By evaluating the coherence between the categories with the nuclear category it was determine that among the Glasers 18 theoretical coding families, the Six C's family was more appropriate, and therefore the analysis conducted based on it. In the middle ground theory, the "marginal demands" as a core phenomenon and ten other categories including "economic conditions", " want it all " , "responsibility", "seduction", "neglect", " belong to", "spiritual intelligence"," inevitability", " economic distrust " and "cultural context", were identified; which their relationship were explained in the form of propositions and the visual model. Also, the findings showed that spiritual factors have the greatest impact on family transcendence. Spirituality is a dimension of every person's life that, if developed, gives a person the ability to go beyond the natural laws and usual orders of life and motivates a person to find meaning and purpose, especially in critical situations.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of hyperactivity can play an important role in solving students' problems, and considering that children's personality is formed before the age of seven and the sensitivity of the issue, we decided to investigate this disorder. The purpose of this qualitative research was to improve the relative improvement of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool students. The research method was case study and its implementation method was action research. In order to answer the research questions by using scientific methods such as observation, interviews and questionnaires and by using various sources such as books, magazines, theses and... gathering the necessary information related to the existing problem and Their analysis identified effective factors in creating the problem. According to the results of the research, economic, cultural, social, environmental and family factors and heredity and genetics were identified as effective factors in the occurrence of problems, and as a result, play-therapy methods, cognitive techniques, balance and equilibrium exercises, Aram building, strengthening concentration, etc. were chosen to treat this disorder. After confirming the validity of the selected solutions using different parameters and with the parents' support, the solutions were implemented and based on the available evidence and with the help of the Connors parents' questionnaire, it was determined that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder improved to some extent. It has been found and the amount of impulsive behavior has been reduced. Therefore, the findings of the research showed that a combination of the above methods was effective in the treatment of the individual.

The quality of teacher's life is a clear and decisive sign of the process of excellence or destruction in any society. This paper investigates the complex problems of teacher's profession. Attempts have been made to use the qualitative approach and phenomenological method to identify problems in their optimal performance and to be represented identifies causes of motivation drop out. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data, using criterion sampling, after 21 interviews, theoretical saturation was obtained. In order to increase the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability, peer debriefing, negative case analysis, triangulation, explaining the exact details of the data collection and analysis process, and long-term immersion were utilized. The deep analysis of teachers' perceptions Leads to identification to problems as “Shortage of financial resources(salaries and benefits), Welfare and Therapy”, “unfavorable organizational climate and the relationships that rule it”, “disinterestedness and unwillingness Students go to the learning process”, “improper condition work environment”, “Decrease teacher position”, “Lack of educational and career advancement”, “Managerial interventions and coercion”. Results show that teachers are suffering from problems in the education system, if the problems are not overcome, will be formed, their disillusionment and motivation drop out that the social and moral unpleasant consequences will emerge at the community level.

Cyberspace, by creating new frontiers in social communication, has created opportunities and threats for human beings. Leading research aims to identify adults' lived experiences of opportunities and threats posed by cyberspace activities. For this purpose, using Purposeful sampling of the type criterion sampling 22 email interviews with open-end questions received. The adults answered the questions in four separate clusters. For accurate data analysis The MAXQDA version 12 was used. In order to increase reliability, verifiability, and credibility of data accuracy, the methods of "inspection and review at the time of coding", "benefiting the opinions of research colleagues and getting their aproval", explaining the exact details of the data collection and analysis process", long-term involvment and triangulation were used. In the partofCyberspace Opportunities and in the family cluster, child or student and community, respectively,  “awareness of the daily news and facilitating family affairs", using daily news  increasing socialization level, and convergence with friends and "cost reduction", were identified as the most important themes. . In the component of cyberspace threats, almost all of the themes had the same weight in terms of repetition and only in both individual and family clusters, the repetition of codes related to the "waste of time" theme has been frequent. The results showed that despite the numerous opportunities of cyberspace, due to the lack of appropriate and adequate education, the threats posed by cyberspace are becoming more visible and effective and the need for comprehensive media literacy training and management of this space is felt more than ever.

Due to increasing natural disasters and its effects on society, emphasis is placed on the role of social factors in dealing with them; but research has not yet clearly elucidated these factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of utilization of social capital in resilience of Kermanshah earthquake survivors.

The approach of this research was qualitative (grounded theory). 27 Kermanshah earthquake survivors were studied through purposive sampling using in-depth interviews. The data were categorized into the main categories after collection, recording, and coding and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss coding techniques

According to the results, the sense of responsibility was chosen as the main category. Cause condition was the respect and value and emotional support from relatives, family and friends. Extensive community networks were chosen as the ground conditions and support from other people as the intermediary conditions. The strategies were modeling, humor and employment and entertainment. Finally, unity and solidarity, participation and Cooperation, and Altruism were introduced as a consequence of this model.

Given that social capital is one of the most important factors in Resilience of earthquake survivors and can be promoted, it is suggested that institutions and organization related to crisis should pay special attention to the proposed model.

Moral intelligence is one of the most influential structures in enhancing toleration and Development in difficult situations. There is a widespread evidence of a significant decline in the quality of interpersonal ethics in student social relationships. In this research that stage, with the aim of using the great potential of the  action research method in promoting moral intelligence of the first high school students, it was attempted to , Students' ethical intelligence will be promoted through an action-oriented approach and in the form of three independent and related actions. Data were collected using Lennick, Kiel &  Jordan 's moral intelligence Inventory (2011). For data analysis, collected   data two levels of primary status of students and three applied were used by the Wilcoxon test. Findings indicate that the interventions of researchers have changed the moral beliefs of students and improved the students' moral relationships through three steps (p<0.01). Also, weekly notes and observations from researchers indicate that students have promoted their moral intelligence. In general, could be used of the action research method, showed that the capacity of this method to change and improve in educational settings, and in particular the promotion of the performance of human actors.

Social values can be upheld through an organic connection with other values. But when this connection is broken then values become compromised and this forms the basis of this study. There is demand for this study because of the importance of values and their role in promoting other values. There is a lack of adequate and timely recognition of the value of the progressive loosening and Transmogrification of values. The aim of this study was to research the is a Transmogrification of values in society associated with women. For this purpose 36 participants were selected by purposive sampling and snowball from the cities of Qazvin, Tehran and Sanandaj. several technologies were used to collect data including unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews, participant observation and written letters. This resulted in extraction of 10 main categories, and 3 general categories. Collected data were subjected to continuous review and comparison. Structure analysis was done for values and interactions with others, leading women to take an intermediate view. Results showed a pattern obtained from this research, such that the main issue that leads to a Transmogrification of values in people, especially in women, was "the origin of human existence are not paying attention and short-sighted philosophy," which means that values are upheld loosely and this causes lack of privacy and disregard of roles and responsibilities. And strategies based on distorted values of instant gratification, will consequently compound the crisis. In this article, formation of the central theory was examined in detail.