آیدا احمدی

The tourism industry has been able to quickly find a special place all over the world ‎due to its numerous attractions and economic benefits. So that it can be considered an ‎achievable goal in the path of sustainable development. The high importance of ‎tourism and the need to promote it has led many researchers to know more about the ‎factors influencing it, among which, undoubtedly, weather is an integral part of ‎tourism. Because tourists always seek to visit places where they feel the least ‎dissatisfaction. The close relationship between climate and tourism has led to the ‎formation of discussions about climate comfort. Temperature, radiation, precipitation, ‎wind, humidity, and fog can be mentioned among the different climatic elements that ‎have a direct relationship in creating tourist comfort. In this regard, due to the ‎vulnerability and biological sensitivities of the mangrove habitats and coastal wetlands ‎of Nayband Bay, as well as due to having landscapes with aesthetic, educational and ‎recreational values and the necessity of developing nature tourism activities in ‎national parks, it is necessary that the climatic conditions for the activity to identify ‎nature tourism in this area. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the comfort climate of tourism and identify the suitable months for the ‎presence of tourists, to obtain high tourist satisfaction and experience ‎on the one hand, and on the other hand, achieving correct planning for more ‎protection and least damage to the region. Based on this, the tourism climate in the ‎mangrove forests of Naiband Bay was investigated using TCI and PET indicators.‎

The climatic characteristics of the studied area show the target by emphasizing the ‎effective parameters in the application of climatic indices, therefore, in order to estimate ‎the desired indices, the characteristics of the climatic variables in Asalouye station ‎during the years 2000 to 2022 were collected and sorted. One of the indicators ‎examined in this research is the TCI index, which measures the suitability of a place's ‎climate for tourism using the variables of maximum temperature, average temperature, ‎minimum relative humidity, average relative humidity, precipitation, sunny hours, and ‎average wind speed. Another index examined in this research is the PET index. The PET index for open ‎environments is the temperature in a sample room of the heat balance of the human ‎body (the metabolic rate with light work is 80 watts based on the basic metabolic rate ‎and the value of clothing conductivity equal to 9.) with skin temperature and core ‎temperature. The body is in balance in the open environment. The PET index is based ‎on the climatic data of average air temperature in centigrade, relative humidity in ‎percent, average wind speed in meters per second, average vapor pressure in ‎hectopascals, and cloud cover in octas for Asalouye station and during the statistical ‎period from 2000 to 2022. was investigated. In this research, the energy balance model ‎or MEMI for people is used to calculate PET.In this research, to increase the accuracy of the calculations and consider ‎that the calculation of some parameters such as the average radiant temperature of the ‎environment (Tmrt) cannot be done simply by climatic data such as temperature, ‎humidity and wind speed, from the software model Ray Man, which was used by ‎Andreas Matzarakis to calculate radiation fluxes.

As the results show, the TCI index indicates the suitable conditions of the tourism climate during ‎the months of December, January and February. While the least favorability of the tourism ‎climate can be seen in the months of June, July, August, Shahrivar and Mehr. The results ‎obtained from the Riemann model also indicate that the PET index for the months of November ‎and March was without cold stress and physiological stress for tourists. While the months of ‎January, Bahman and Azar are a bit cool with little cold stress and also the physiological stress ‎level of tourists. During the first half of the year, while the temperature rises significantly, this ‎region experiences a different degree of stress and thermal sensitivity in terms of physiological ‎conditions.‎

The mangrove forests of Nayband Bay attract many tourists and nature lovers from different ‎places every year due to special climatic conditions and many recreational resources, as well as ‎being located in coastal-sea areas. On the other hand, the studied area is known as one of the ‎areas under the protection of the environmental organization with high ecological sensitivities ‎and protection prohibitions, which requires proper planning for the development of tourism and ‎the presence of visitors in the area. Based on this, in the current study, the comfort climate of ‎tourism and the determination of the appropriate time for tourism activities were investigated ‎using two indices, TCI and PET. As the results of the TCI index showed, ‎‏6‏‎ months of the year ‎‎(November, December, January, February, March and April) this region has the best conditions ‎for the development of tourism activities and the presence of visitors in the region. The results of ‎the PET index also showed that the months of November and March are without cold stress and ‎physiological stress for tourists, as well as the months of January, February‏ ‏and November‏ ‏with ‎little cold stress and the degree of physiological stress are slightly cool, which are favorable and ‎suitable conditions for the development of tourism activities.

The aim of this study was to the effect of art therapy (drama therapy and music therapy) on increasing children's self-confidence in speech therapy centers in Isfahan.The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test with control group) and the statistical sample was 30 children with stuttering who were selected using available sampling method from speech therapy centers in Isfahan and randomly divided into two equal experimental groups.  And controls were divided and tested in twenty sessions.Data collection was done using both library and field methods and the data collection tool was a questionnaire.Data were analyzed using SPSS software.  In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including Pearson and Spearman correlation were used.  The results of data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of art therapy (drama therapy and music therapy) and children's self-confidence in speech therapy centers in Isfahan.

The urban rail transport network is always at risk due to its special conditions. Many cases indicate the existence of threatening and risk factors for human societies in urban rail transportation systems. Therefore, in this study, with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the risks of urban rail transportation networks in order to increase resilience is on the agenda.

The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this article included Tehran metro employees at Imam Khomeini station. In this article, the sample size has been selected systematically and purposefully, which included 24 employees and managers of Imam Khomeini station in Tehran. To classify the hazards of Tehran's urban rail transportation system, first the hazards were identified and the cause and consequences were determined and then the hazards were prioritized using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method.

The results of the study showed that there are 22 hazards in Tehran's urban transportation system. The results of applying AHP in prioritizing the identified hazards indicated that the risk of floods, leaks and water accumulation, earthquakes, sabotage and terrorist activities, were among the hazards with important priorities in the rail transport network of Tehran, respectively. Also, heat in electric stations, sewage system of station and the presence of unpleasant chemical gases were among the items that had the least risks in the study area.

The results showed that Tehran urban transportation system in the study station had potential hazards. Therefore, based on the identified risks, measures such as monitoring the behavior of tunnel and railway lines and data mining information, using firefighting equipment, completing the rapid alert system (in interaction with the Urban Crisis Organization) and developing emergency resilience instructions could be performed.

Considering the importance of cement industries in the country's economic growth and its effect on emissions of air pollutants (particulate matter); in this research, the effects of Tehran cement factory on the environmental of the region have been investigated. The main purpose of this study is an assessment of environmental pollutant particles with air quality index in 2016 in Tehran Industrial Cement Complex. 

In this study, the particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, was measured during a one-year period (2016), in four different seasons. To measure dust particles in the ambient air of the device is used gauge 531 MET ONE GT TSI Manufacturing Co and it has the ability to measure particles with PM10, PM2.5, PM7, and PM1. The next 8530 TSI Dust Trak II counterparty bombing device is a desktop dust-removing device that has the capability to record data. The samples were taken at 6 measuring stations in the Tehran Cement Industrial Complex, and finally, the results were evaluated as a seasonal AQI. In AQI method, which is one of the most widely used methods for assessing the air quality, at first, the pollution index is measured at a station and then determined at all stations as the highest index of contamination quality.

The first finding from the present study was that the pollutant responsible for the whole spring station was a refinery, which is classified as clean. The other pollutant responsible for the entire summer stations related to the road toll (Healthy classification), Responsible pollutant for the entire autumn season station area (unhealthy classification for sensitive groups), and Responsible pollutant for the whole winter season is related to residential buildings (Healthy Classification). So the most polluting plants or four different seasons of the year is autumn PM2.5.

So the state of air quality with an average concentration of 106.2 mg/m3 in the Tehran cement industry classified as unhealthy for sensitive groups and were characterized by the orange color. Finally, suggestions are made to reduce particulate emissions in the industrial area.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of resilience assessment in Tehran metropolis.Factors affecting urban resilience status, criteria, sub-criteria and indices of each of them are extracted through expert micro-method and importance and priority of identified components and sub-components through their quantitative analysis in resilience, based on Fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique was identified and empirical modeling method was used to model resilience metropolitan management status assessment in combination with the principles and concepts of Balanced Scorecard method as suitable methods for resilience status determination.The results of the model sensitivity to each of the components, criteria, sub-criteria and indices were determined based on the acquired weights.At the end of the model validation, the model presented in district 22 of Tehran city was evaluated based on the scores obtained by considering the sum of evaluation scores of the three components under consideration equal to 1000, and the total score of the current status assessment of resilience region 22 Based on the three components, the city of Tehran is in a low level of good condition, that is to say, on the boundary between relatively "appropriate and appropriate", and suggested solutions to improve it.

Nowadays environmental strategic assessment as a tool for incorporating environmental considerations into the early stages of decision making has attracted the attention of planners. Scholars have attributed characteristics such as attention to the relationship between different layers of decision-making from policy making to implementation, consideration of cultural- political context and organizational structure of development as well as reflection of socio-economic considerations to environmental strategic assessment.

Despite these characteristics, the usual process of strategic environmental assessment does not have the ability to comprehensively assess the effects of cultural, social and ecological contexts. Criteria that do not provide clear results to decision makers are also used to measure the sustainability of development types. For this reason, in this study, the process and structure of the strategic environmental assessment based on the theoretical foundations of the resilience approach has been improved. Based on the resiliency approach, uncertainties and disturbances in socio-ecological systems can be analyzed. It is also incorporated into the evaluation process by reference to the multi-scale concept resiliency approach.

In this study a three-step process for strategic environmental assessment is proposed. Each step is based on the basic concepts of the resiliency approach.

The sum of these characteristics makes environmental assessments possible on the basis of the unpredictable future, the inevitability of change, and the vulnerability of ecological systems.

Health care workers are exposed to vast number of occupational hazards. According to the importance of protecting these valuable workforces, it is necessary to assess various deleterious factors in their career to make right decisions in dealing with these situations.
Methods and Materials: In this study, first, all the hazards of different units of a treatment center were investigated. Then, one of the units that had the most hazardous of them was selected based on hazardous identification checklists. Finally, the most important hazard of previous step were ranked by analytical network Process.

The results of analytical network process indicated that the risk associated with personnel safety in formaldehyde exposure regions, had higher priority with considering a weight factor equal to 0.55 for all indexes. However, the exposure to anesthetist gases and job stress had the highest rank, considering financial and credit consequences separately.
Discussion and

Results confirmed that using analytical network process along with other methods of hazard identification will accelerate this process and achieve more trustable results. Moreover, it will facilitate the decision making process.

Knowledge management is the process of using knowledge to achieve intended purposes. Since there are extremely high health, safety and environmental risks in healthcare system, knowledge management not only helps the patient health, but also improves the health and safety of healthcare workers through using proper information and experiences.
In this study, a questionnaire with 11 key questions was developed, Then for the evaluation of validity and consistency of the primarily questionnaire, Inter Rate Agreement and Cronbach α coefficient were used. Finally based on information collected, data was done by the binominal test with SPSS-22 software.
The relevancy (92.7%) and clarity (91.8%) were found to be acceptable, the questionnaire was internally consistent (α=0.7) and the results of binominal test showed that all questions were accepted (up to 75% for each) by the experts.
Although knowledge management is a new area in our country, it is important applying new and beneficial patterns in various aspects of activities like HSE management. Based on obtained results, in can be concluded that the introduced questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for using in workplace processes.

Considering the undeniable role of education in the development of societies, identifying educational methods is a worthwhile topic. The principal objective of this research is to identify the methods of entrepreneurial teaching in affective learning domain using the "Edutainment" approach. The affective domain is mentioned in Bloom's learning taxonomy (1956) beside cognitive and psycho-motor domains. In this study, which is conducted using a qualitative method, the experiences of 13 of the experts in the field of education and entrepreneurship has been documented through semi-structured interviews and the coding method has been used for analyzing the experiences. The results indicate that teachers employ 4 accordant methods with the Edutainment approach for teaching entrepreneurship in the affective learning domain of students which are guest lecturer, educational workshop, role-playing and field trips. Recognizing these entrepreneurial teaching methods can aid both entrepreneurship tutors and educational policy makers in formulation and preparation of entrepreneurship lesson plans and curriculum.

Development is considered as an undeniable part of modern human life. The sustainable viability of natural elements such as lakes and wetlands is not only essential for survival of all present and future generations of human on the planet but also necessary for all habitats of the Earth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of climate change and development on existance of the regional lakes which in turn are one of the main factors of economic development in the area.
Method and

In this study, the effects of climate change and development program on few regional lakes, including Urmia Lake, are investigated and some recommendations are provided to take proper management measures for the revival of Urmia Lake in order to prevent the dry out of this important natural ecosystem

The history of hospitals in Iran goes back to about 1700 years ago. Hospitals are created by Persians in history of Medicine and developed in Islamic golden age. Consideration about patient rights in Hospitals as an important historical factor can help to shed light of Iran and Islam role in medical development during the history. In this article، patient rights in hospitals throughout the history of Iran and Islam were considered، including 1) educational and medical roles of hospitals، 2) hospital parts، 3) hospital locations، and 4) treatment for different social classes. According to findings، attention to patient rights in Persian and Islamic hospitals، unlike of Europe were very important and many of their procedures in this field can be useful in current medicine.