فهرست مطالب احسان منصوری

The bank, as one of the institutions of the money market, has an important role in financing projects. One of the most common methods of financing banks is to use the issuance of securities backed by bank facilities. Using the capacity of banks in the Islamic banking system can not only expand the Sukuk market and the capital market, but also increase their efficiency. This article has been compiled with the aim of examining the issuance capacity of securities (Sukuk) in the country's banks and has compared the impact of banks on the expansion of the Sukuk market. To test the research hypotheses, the statistical technique of GMM and panel data of 17 public and private banks between 2008 and 2017 has been used. The results of this study showed that liquidity has a negative and significant effect on the expansion of the Sukuk market in private and public banks. Also, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the expansion of the Sukuk market and the size of the bank, which is much stronger in private banks than state-owned banks. In other words, the magnitude of the aforementioned relationship is 73% more in the case of private banks. Finally, it was observed that reduction in economic growth implicates an opportunity for private banks to finance their liquidity needs via Sukuk.

Understanding the determinants of peoples’ saving and investment behavior is an important issue in ensuring financial stability both at the individual and societal levels and also acts as an important factor in households' resilience in times of economic crisis. An accepted viewpoint in the literature states that higher levels of financial attitude lead to better investment performance. However, some recent studies have emphasized the effect of financial behavior as a mediating factor on this relationship. Using a conceptual model taken from the research literature, this study aimed to investigate the impact of financial attitudes on investment performance and the mediating effect of financial behavior on this relationship among young academics. Financial behavior or financial habits are formed gradually during the developmental stages of the individual in the family and society. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using an online questionnaire at the level of Arak University students and data from 306 students was collected. In this research, the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the conceptual model. The findings of this research indicate that financial attitudes have a direct and positive effect on investment performance. It also implies that financial behavior acts as a mediator in the relationship between financial attitudes and investment performance and reinforces this relationship.

Travelling Wire Electro Chemical Spark Machining (TW-ECSM) is one of the newest machining processes that has the potential to machine advanced materials such as glass, quartz, silicon nitride, various composites and ceramics, and has the factors of creating complex cavities in materials. Forging is used, especially in the aerospace industry, to produce turbine assemblies, jet engine parts, and nozzles. The Studies show that the combined methods applied to model and optimize the TW-ECSM process are reasonable. In this research, a second-order linear regression mathematical model has been used to predict the rate of chip removal during machining operations and surface roughness and their effective interactions. Then, using the Sobol statistical analysis method, various differences including voltage, wire feeding speed, electrolyte density and thickness of the work piece on the material removal rate and surface roughness have been obtained. The results obtained from the sensitivity analysis show that the voltage has the greatest effect on the chip removal rate and the wire feeding speed has the greatest effect on the surface roughness.

Holy Defense is full of knowledge, one of the ways to use it is through oral history active interviewing. In this format, there are challenges that can lead to more richness of the interview. In the three sections before the interview, during the interview, and after the interview, the following components are the challenges of the interview in the Holy Defense Oral History: choosing the subject, research, refusing to interview, the multiplicity of narrators' tones and terms, lack of proper management of the interview, encountering the narrator's human emotions, interviewer's body language, the way to start the interview, recognizing irrelevant answers, understanding the mental states of the interviewee, recognizing contradictions in the answers, expressive, simple and clear expression of the interview, the way of interaction in the interview, misunderstanding in the interview, the culture of concealment, lack of rehearing the interview, lack of identifying gaps in the interview and not completing the interview. This article seeks to study the challenges of interviewing in the Holy Defense oral history and has dealt with this problem by descriptive-analytical method and by using library sources inductively.

Evaluating the quality of the performances of higher education centers is very important due to their important and effective role. Evaluating the quality of the performance of higher education centers leads to identifying strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and factors hindering development, and the possibility of an appropriate planning for improving the situation is also provided. In order to continuously modify and improve the university system, it seems necessary to establish an appropriate performance evaluation mechanism through which the improvement of the entire university system can be considered in addition to improving and enhancing the scientific quality, and at the same time, which has arisen from the text of the university system and conforms to the characteristics of this system.In this research, considering the uncertain decision-making environment, a new evaluation model called Fuzzy Improved Input Efficiency Profiling – Common Weights Based on the Optimal Solution (FIIEP – CWBOS) has been proposed, which improves the performance of the classic input efficiency profile model. The results of this study showed that the proposed model has the necessary validity and optimal performance compared to other models presented so far.

The perturbation friction process is a solid state method used to modify the surface, improve mechanical properties, and produce composites. In this research, the effect of effective parameters on the surface compositing of AZ31B / CNT alloy with carbon nanotubes has been investigated by the frictional perturbation process method and Sobel sensitivity analysis. Input parameters in this study were advance speed, rotation speed, weight percentage of carbon nanotubes and number of welding passes, as well as considered outputs including hardness and weight loss. In order to analyze the results, Sobel sensitivity analysis has been used to investigate the qualitative and quantitative impact of inputs on outputs. The results of this study showed that the weight percentage of carbon nanotubes, rotation speed, number of welding passes and advancement speed affect hardness, respectively. The weight percentage of carbon nanotubes, the rotation speed, the number of welding passes and the advancing speed also affect the weight loss.

Investigating the dimensions of physical and mental health of people in the face of crises such as coronation is critical and can help better planning to reduce the negative consequences. This study aimed to compare the health-promoting lifestyle and the value of life of people with a history of COVID-19 and healthy people. The research method was post-event (causal-comparative). A total of 272 adults (124 with a history of COVID-19 and 148 healthy individuals) responded to the lifestyle questionnaire and Life- Regard Index by sending a link to them. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in health-promoting lifestyle components. The group of people with a history of COVID-19 had a lower score in all components of this variable than the healthy group. But there was no significant difference in the value of life between the two groups. A health-promoting lifestyle in corona pandemic can play a role in coronavirus infection. Training in lifestyle improvement skills will help reduce the harmful consequences of this virus in society's physical and psychological dimensions.

Higher education centers are the axis of the sustainable social, economic, political, cultural, and scientific development of human societies; as a result, their efficiency evaluation has attracted a lot of attention at the international level. Data envelopment analysis models (DEA) are one of the most successful, efficient and practical efficiency measurement techniques due to their special features and advantages. DEA models, in addition to measuring relative efficiency, are also able to provide the necessary planning to improve efficiency. Hence, so far, a lot of research has used DEA models to measure the efficiency of higher education centers. In this study, in order to measure the quality of performance of higher education centers, one of the DEA models called Input efficiency profiling model (IEP) has been used, as well. The proposed model is a new evaluation model called Improved input efficiency profiling – Super efficiency model (IIEP – SE), which has improved the performance of IEP model by addressing some of its shortcomings. It has been shown by a numerical example and comparing the proposed model with other DEA models that the proposed model has necessary reliability and desirable performance. In order to plan for achieving the efficiency of the inefficient units, pattern and reference units and the amount of necessary change in the input and output criteria for each of the inefficient units have also been determined.

In this paper, used the system GMM estimation technique to study the effects of the financial development on Sukuk markets by using a panel dataset of 11 countries from 1995 to 2015. At the First, research findings shows that Sukuk and bank financing are substitutes. Economies where banks play a key role in providing private credit issue less Sukuk. Second, the evidence shows that Sukuk are complements to bonds and stocks. More Sukuk are issued in market-oriented economies. Finally, this paper shows that the 2008 global financial crisis has a positive effect on Sukuk markets development.

Nowadays, because of low financial ability of some of the buyers, saving natural resources and preventing unnecessary waste of energy and materials to produce new products, second-hand products have attracted extraordinary attention. Therefore, markets are divided into two parts, which are markets of new and second-hand products. Manufactures try to give peace of mind to customers regarding their products in order to capture more share of markets and customers satisfaction. An important factor in providing customer's peace of mind is warranty. This issue becomes more important regarding the second-hand products. Since customers are usually unaware of the product's past performance, dealers consider warranty and upgrades for these products until the customer does not doubt toward buying the product. Considering warranty and upgrade have the cost, make to increase the product's sale price, and make to increase the complexity of the model as a result, making decisions in such an environment is too complex also considering upgrade action will make to increase the second-hand product's reliability during the useful life of the product. Warranty period can be considered one-dimensional or two-dimensional. But because the dealer seek to calculate exactly the expected cost and the expected number of the product's failures during warranty coverage then warranty should be considered two-dimensional and the dealer calculates the cost of expected number of the product's failures during warranty coverage and adds it to the sale price of the product. Therefore, Upgrade action has increased the sale price of the second-hand product on one hand, has decreased the expected failures number of the product and the cost of these failures on the other hand. In this paper, an upgrade action carrying out on the product right before transferring to the customer, warranty is considered two-dimensional, as well as the expected cost of upgrade action and warranty coverage is calculated. At the end, a numerical example and sensitivity analysis is presented.

Intercession is one of exegetic-theological issues raised among Islamic thinkers through the verses of the Quran. Intercessory issues can be divided into two general categories as those who intercede and those who are interceded. ‘Ashari and Mo’tazila theologies regard Prophet Muhammad as an intercessor, yet have not commented anything special about other intercessors. In contrast, Mulla Sadra regards pioneer creatures in the curve of descent (Rational Abstracts) and those in the curve of ascent (Complete Humans) as intercessors and leaders for the rest of humans in their path to God because of being mediators to receive grace. The Prophet of Islam initiates intercession due to his comprehensive features. Mo’tazila holds that intercession would increase the blessing of Muminin in paradise and ‘Asharism holds that it would also decrease the punishment of fasiqin (violators) and cruel people. Criticizing Mo’tazila theology, Mulla Sadra regards intercession as also effective in reducing the punishment of those doomed to hell; of course just in case their vicious acts are not dominant.

One of the four basic elements for Customer Relationship Management is services and product’s warranty is included in after-sales services and producers provide it with product. These services can satisfy customers and encourage them to buy so ultimately affect customer loyalty in most developed countries and producer have a significant percentage income from the after sales services. The main challenge of enterprises is a strategy for customer relationship management. Studies show that the organizations that use the balanced score card approach in implementing their strategy are successful. BSC with customer relationship management become key success factors and performance measures and ultimately provide executable plans. So we define an after sales problem in customer relationship management with balanced score card. Then we use TOPSIS for proposed indexes and examine them. The results show that customer perspective has the highest score and customer satisfaction is the first key index.

The two philosophical principles of “the refusal to restore the annihilated with its essence” and “the refusal to return the being in its actuality to its potential state” in the transcendental wisdom have aroused the philosophical reactions of some wise men after Mulla Sadra in order to prove the teaching of Return in Shia and thus raised three theories in this regard: From the viewpoint of Mudares Zenouzi, the body returns to its soul and this is not consistent with the principle of refusal to restore the annihilated.
From Allamah Tabatabaie’s viewpoint, the souls of the deceased people have some aspects of potentiality and capacity, thus their return (to the body) at the time of Return is possible. The altered part of this theory is that the souls that are not attached to the body anymore, have no capacity or material and thus their return to the material world is refused.
In the following, the opinions of Allamah Rafi’ee Ghazvini and Ayatollah Shah Abadi are also examined. According to the “theory of imaginalization”, the souls of the perfect men reappear in the material world. The shortage of this theory is its lack of coverage in relation to all returnees such as the infidels.

The issue of the possibility or the impossibility of seeing God discussed in Ilm al-Kalām has caused many controversies in the literary interpretation of different Quranic ayahs. One of these controversies is the accompaniment of the word "Nazara" with the preposition "Ila" which in the view of Asharist scholars means seeing while in Mutazila scholar's perspective this combination does not mean vision but the turning of the human eyes toward a seeable object. These two groups have tried to prove their own literary theory by citing examples form Quranic ayahs, Arabic poems and everyday conversations. In the present article, it is proved that, Asharist view is correct because in the Arabic literature and consequently in the eloquent language of the Quran, the verb Nazara" with the preposition "Ila" means seeing and turning one's eyes is a requirement for seeing. Therefore, Mutazila scholars have confused the verbal meaning of the verb with its external requirement, hence their claim is a paralogism.

The theological problem of Badā' has it’s especial station in the Shia theological books. Badā' as the revealing something by God after concealing is given in the Shia Narrations and also Suni’ Hadiths. The problem is that how revealing after concealing can be from God. Upon this, Bada mentioned in the stages of creation that is will and Predestination.Mirdamad is investigated this problem according to his view about the createdness of the world and by distingusion of the Bada and abrogation. Mulla Sara gives two different aspects to this problem and oppose with Mirdamad’ view. By analyzing transcendental philosophy and mysticism rules, Muhammad-Kāzem Assār tries to solve this problem.

The problem of absolute determination and free will is one of the oldest theological discussions in the world of Islam, caused by contemplation and reflection on Quranic verses. Regarding the interpretation of these verses, Muslim commentators and theologians have been divided into two groups of determinists and libertarians. Fakhr Razi, a prominent Asharite theologian and commentator, has made great attempts to prove the theory of absolute determination. One of the most fundamental parts of his theory is the affirmation of absolute determination on the basis of the interpretation of Quranic verses. In his arguments, Razi tries to prove that free acts are determined through arguing that God is the Unique, Creator and Maker and that his knowledge attaches to free acts. Given Allamah Tabatabaii's intellectual principles in al-Mizan commentary, some of these arguments suffer internal inconsistency and are negated by verses proving man's free will. Regarding God as Creator and Maker does not necessitate the determination of man's acts, because God has created man free and His knowledge attaches to doing acts freely.

Human beings are noble، valuable and worthy and with inherent dignity. The first and most fundamental basis of human dignity، in the eyes of Imam Khomeini، is his own entity، because the entity itself is issued from the God which is an absolute entity and the source of any goodness and noble. There are degrees of the truth. In compare with the other universe، the entity of the human being is higher and as the result he is enjoying an inherent dignity. Secondly human being is equipped with the power of wisdom and logic and thirdly the human integrity in terms of his facts contains the whole world and in other words he is the concise and compact version of the world. The forth is the example of being a creator and the fifth is the infinite perfectibility of man from time to time which is a course from martyrdom to disappearance and the sixth point is that human immortality and survival are the principles and standards for his dignityا

Regress is one of the oldest philosophical problems raised by Aristotle. The first serious research on the problem of declining infinite regress was carried out by Mirdamad. By declining infinite regress is meant setting the cause at the beginning of the chain without effects coming to the end. Defining particular conditions for disproving regress, Mirdamad does not consider declining regress impossible. He holds that the two conditions i. e. the intellectual agreement of the cause with the effect, and the sameness of the direction of successive order with that of the infinity of causes are missing in declining regress, thus the latter not being impossible. Relying on contingency with perpetual and eternal duration, posteriority of effect to its nonexistence in cause, and the foundations of priority in terms of cause, Mirdamad believes that this type of regress is not impossible. Giving the effect the role of relation in respect to the cause, and taking its dependence into consideration, Mulla Sadra holds that such a problem is not raised at all, and in case it is, regress will have an end. On the other hand, Sadrite philosophers have taken the objective agreement of existence into consideration criticizing Mirdamad׳s view.

Public transportation planning is one of the basic factors in economic and social development modern societies. Dial-a-ride problem is a topic in the area of public transportation planning which helps to plan a more convenience passenger transportation and also to improve traffic systems. In the dynamic DARP, requests are received throughout the planning horizon and the primary objective is to accept as many requests as possible while satisfying operational constraints. In this research, we developed a two-step algorithm based on dynamic dial-a-ride problem. In the first step a new request is accepted, while in the second step the optimum route is found by creating a feasible neighborhood of the current route. The results showed that the proposed algorithm obtains a near optimum solution in a short period of time (in few minutes) with the rate of acceptance above 85 percent of new requests.