احمد فرهادی

Tapour variety line (P-11 / 6-70036) was obtained from a cross between Sahar (Pershing) and K.W-505 in Mazandaran Agricultural Research Center in 1992. The study of F1 generation, segregating generations and the purification of crosses were performed during 1992-98. The pure lines were compared with Sari and Telar cultivars, in the preliminary comparison, biennial comparison, regional and national regional experiments during 1999-2000. The top lines were also compared with local control cultivars in on-farm trials. In total, the line P-11 / 6-70036 (Tapour variety) was superior to other cultivars with an average yield of 3749 kg per hectare. Other suitable traits of the new variety were: high height, suitable distance of the first pod from the ground, three-seed pods, medium five maturity group, semi determinate growth type, high weight of thousand seed, loading resistance, shattering resistance and tolerance to most important common diseases of soybean in the region, including charcoal rot.

A major factor in the Iranian stock market is the risk-taking of the economy. The stock index falls when the economy is at higher risk, either by protests or the possibility of war. The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of fluctuations in the currency, stock, gold, and oil markets during the period 2017-2021 using the common t-test and the DCC-GARCH approach. The statistical population includes all companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2017 to the end of 2021. The period was chosen due to significant fluctuations in exchange rates, coins, oil, and stocks. To achieve the purpose of the study, first, a descriptive study of coin price trends, exchange rates, and stock and oil indices in the Iranian economy was presented and then the conditional correlation between the returns of these assets was estimated using the dynamic DCC-GARCH conditional correlation method. Conditional correlation between currency and stock markets as well as coins and stock exchanges has increased significantly from a period of calm to a period of turmoil. These results are consistent with the results of the transfer test using t-test statistics. The results showed the existence of transitions between the markets and transitions between the foreign exchange and gold markets. The results also showed that the oil market, because it is the most important source of Iran's income, has a major impact on the gold, currency, and stock markets.

Addiction is one of the most important problems of human society. The problem has emerged as pervasive and endangered millions of people's lives. Every year, governments spend large national capital to combat this ominous phenomenon. Anxiety, depression, and maladaptive schemas formed in childhood are cited as important and influential factors in the development and continuance of drug use. Research has shown that people suffering from mental disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders are more likely to get addicted than the general population. Also, drug addicts suffer more from mood disorders and anxiety than the general population. One of the effective psychological treatments to adjust cognitive, emotional, emotional, and behavioral experiences in drug abusers is schema therapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on the life quality and anxiety of recovered addicts using methadone referring to addiction treatment centers in Ahvaz City, Iran.

The present study was conducted by quasi–experimental method with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design employing a control group. The statistical population included all drug users referred to welfare–related medical centers in Ahvaz from March 2020 to March 2021. For the present study, one center was chosen with 40 individuals. They were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and control (each group=20). The inclusion criteria included male individuals aged 20 to 50 years who had not participated in other psychological treatments without obvious physical and mental illness. The exclusion criteria were individuals who failed to cooperate in any research stages or did not attend the training sessions. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL–BREF) Questionnaire (1996) brief form and Four Systems Anxiety Questionnaire (FSAQ) (Koksal & Power, 1990) were used to collect data. The experimental group received 12 sessions (each lasting 95 minutes) of schema therapy, and the control group continued drug therapy without psychological intervention according to the center's routine. In the current research, data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software in descriptive and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were used. Then, multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.

The multivariate covariance analysis indicated that schema therapy significantly affected at least one of the variables of quality of life and anxiety in the experimental group (p<0.01). The eta coefficient was 0.91. The results of univariate covariance analysis indicated that, after removing the effect of the pretest, the differences between the experimental group and the control group were significant in the quality of life (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) variables in the posttest. Schema therapy (independent variable) contributed 90% to increasing the quality of life and 92% to reducing anxiety.

Schematic therapy increases the quality of life and reduces the anxiety of recovering addicts using methadone in Ahvaz, and this treatment can be used in addiction treatment centers.

Regarding the significant effect of temperature on biomineralization process, the study of the seasonal changes impacts on the functions and patterns of gene expression in mantle tissue as an important organ responsible for biomineralization in pearl oysters, is necessary. In this study, the gene expression patterns of 9 biomineralization genes (ASP, KRMP, SHEM5, PRISM, PEARL, CHIT, PIF, MRNP34, NACREIN) were investigated in the mantle tissue of Pinctada persica between warm and cold seasons. The cDNA was constructed using reverse transcriptase enzyme and then the expression of genes were quantified in qPCR. The results showed difference in seasonal pattern. Three genes of prismatic layer (ASP, KRMP and SHEM5) had high expression in cold season and PIF which involved in nacre layer formation, showed high level of expression in warm season. It is likely, the biomineralization rate reduce in higher temperature and the prismatic related genes play more important role in response to seasonal changes. This study has provided valuable information about mantle tissue traits of P. persica and influence of environmental factors in molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of shell and pearl.

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) is among the biopsychosocial problems, i.e., currently recognized as a global concern. Substance dependence is, indeed, among the numerous adverse consequences of substance use, i.e., prevailing globally with astonishing statistics in the last decade. In turn, substance abuse is a non–adaptive pattern of drug use that leads to recurrent problems and adverse effects. A factor that leads to substance abuse is the sedation and reduction of anxiety and depression caused by the drugs. Accordingly, individuals start using these drugs to cope with such unpleasant mental states, leading to SUDs over time. The research data on the effects of Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) on the mental health of individuals with SUDs are contradictory; thus, further investigations seem necessary. Some research revealed that compared to the general population, individuals under MMT present a high level of mental health problems and experienced mood and emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Reality Therapy (RT) on the Quality of Life (QoL) and anxiety in patients under MMT.

 This was a quasi–experimental study with pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included all individuals with SUDs referring to the State Welfare–related medical centers in Ahvaz City, Iran, in 2020. Accordingly, one center was purposively selected; 40 individuals were randomly selected and grouped into two experimental and control groups (n=20/group). The inclusion criteria included male individuals aged 20–50 years who had not participated in other psychological treatment and had no obvious biopsychologicale illnesses. The exclusion criteria excluded individuals who fail to cooperate in any of the research stages or failed to attend the training sessions. The WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale and Four Systems Anxiety Questionnaire (FSAQ) were used to collect the required data. The experimental group received twelve 95–minute RT sessions; however, the controls continued pharmacotherapy without psychological interventions according to the center's routine schedule. The obatiend data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS.

The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 28.64(2.84) and 29.12(4.64) years in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The mean (SD) of the subjects' scores indicated a decrease in anxiety and an increase in QoL at the posttest. Before performing the ANCOVA, its hypotheses were tested. The results of Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in at least one of the scales of QoL and anxiety indicated that RT significantly affected the experimental group (p</em><0.001). The Eta coefficient was measured to be 0.88. The one–way ANCOVA data on the mean posttest scores of anxiety and QoL revealed that the difference in the posttest after removing the effect of pretest between the experimental and control groups was significant (p</em>≤0.001).

This study indicated that RT was influential on the QoL and anxiety among recovering individuals under MMT; thus, RT can be used in SUDs treatment centers. All ethical considerations, including receiving written informed consent from the participant before starting the research; the voluntary participation of individuals in each stage of the study; scheduling training sessions with the full cooperation of individuals, and keeping information related to subjects confidential, were observed.</div>

Algae and seaweeds and their metabolites have been considered as promising alternatives in improvement of fish immune system and growth. The effects of extract and fucoidan extracted from Sargassum sp. was investigated in Nile tilapia with an average weight of 25 ± 5 for 60 days. The experimental groups included 0.5%, 1% and 2% of extract, and 0.5%, 1% and 2% of fucoidan. A group fed with basal diet was considered as control. In order to investigate the growth and immunity parameters, sampling was carried out on days 30th and 60th of the experiment. The results of this study showed that fucoidan and extract from Sargassum had no significant effects on gained weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio after 60 days feeding (P>0.05). The amount of lysozyme as an important immunity parameter also did not significantly differ between the sampling times among the treatments (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels among the groups after 30 and 60 days of experiment (P>0.05). Besides, the results of antioxidant parameters including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase enzymes did not show significant differences among the experimental groups at days 30 and 60 (P>0.05). Although inclusion of Sargassum did not have negative effect on growth rate of tilapia, it did not improve immunity of tilapia. Therefore, it is recommended to examine a wider range of concentrations of extract and fucoidan in future studies.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), commonly referred to as lymphocytes and monocytes, representing cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems.

To find out whether changes in PBMCs’ mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are associated with puerperal metritis in Holstein cows.

‏ Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 20 cows with puerperal metritis and 20 cows without metritis at 10 days postpartum. Expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) genes were assessed in PBMCs using a quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. The data was normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a reference gene, and 2-∆∆Ct methodology was used for relative quantification.

The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of TLR4 (P=0.04) and CD14 (P=0.008) was significantly greater in cows with puerperal metritis compared to the control group. However, the expression of TLR2 (P=0.06) was not significantly different between cows with puerperal metritis and healthy cows.

This study suggests that puerperal metritis significantly increases the expression of TLR4 and CD14 genes in the PBMCs which contributes to the proper stimulation of inflammation and uterine clearance of bacteria soon after calving.

To achive soybean varieties with high performance and the proper growth length, Telar cultivar was crossed with different soybean varieties including Hill, in 1992. Evaluation of the generation, segregatings generations of different populations was done during 1993-1998. During 1999-2007, pure lines from different families were evaluated in the preliminary and advance yield trials and then were compared with commercial cultivars in the uniform regional trials. The superior soybean lines were compared with the local checks in agronomy tests and also on-farm trials. In total, line 033(Caspian) with yieled of 3650 kgha-1 had better yieled compared to Hill and Sahar varieties and its resistance to charcoal rot disease of soybean was as same as commercial varieties. In addition to the high performance, Caspian cultivar had some appropriate agronomic characteristics such as high growth rate, proper height and distance of the first pod from the ground surface, which makes it possible for harvesting this cultivar by combine, resistance to lodging and shatering, drough tolerance, resistance to charcol rot disease , hence itwas recommended to be replaced with Hill cultivar for summer cropping in northern regions of Iran. Line 033 was released as Caspian based on confirmation of variety Release Committe of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization.

In order to achieve soybean cultivar with high yield performance and appropriate growth stage length, in 1371 Telat soybean cultivar was crossed with different soybean cultivars from which one was Gorgan3. Evaluation in segregating populations until pure line stage was done in 1371-76. Pure lines were evaluated in the preliminary yield trials in two years and then were compared with commercial cultivars in the uniform regional trials. The superior lines were then compared with local checks in agronomy tests and also under on-farm trials. In total, line 032 (Nekador) with yield of 3.700 tha-1 had better yield compared to Hill and Sahar varieties and its resistance to charcoal rot disease of soybean was as same as commercial varieties. In addition to the above mentioned traits, Nekador had some appropriate agromoic characteristics such as proper height and distance of the first pod from the ground surface which makes it possible for harvesting this cultivar by combine, resistance to lodging and shattering, drought tolerance, resistance to charcoal rot disease, and therefore was recommended to be replaced with Sahar in the spring cropping. Line 032 was released as “Nekador” based on confirmation of the Variety Release Committee of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization.

Through implanting non-English mobile game (m-game) of 'Xane Bazi' into the blended module of English vocabulary pedagogy, this study sought to investigate the role of dyads make-up on L2 English learners' vocabulary learning ability. To that end, 150 Iranian male and female students of engineering from Isfahan University of Technology (IUT) were homogenized as upperintermediate to learn the L2 vocabulary items during 36 blended sessions. By formative assessment of learners throughout the course a corpus containing those vocabulary items that learners utilized in their communication was formed. To achieve triangulation research design, a preresearch questionnaire and a focused interview were conducted. The statistical analysis of the participants' performance testified not only to the significance of dyad make-up on the way the vocabulary items were understood and learned, but also the significance of application of non-English m-game of 'Xane Bazi' in the process of L2 vocabulary learning via the blended module of L2 pedagogy. Also, the analyses of learners' answers to the items of the questionnaire and interview showed correspondence between learners' attitude and performance.

In order to study the effects of different sowing dates and plant densities on soybean genotypes, an experiment was carried out in arandomized complete block design, arranged in asplit split plot design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Baykola. Main plot was planting dates including 20 April, 20 May and 20 June, sub plots wereplant densities including 32, 40 and 48 plants per square meter and sub sub plots were soybean genotypes: Sari, Nekador and line 2002. Results showed that with a delay in planting date, most of the traits studied were decreased and consequently seed yield decreased. At the third planting datecompare to the first planting date, pods per plant, pods per main stem, seeds per pod and seed yield decreased 32.35, 22.29, 40.21, 46.85, 10.57 and 42.29%, respectively. Although there were significant differences among genotypes for some yield components, but there was not any significant difference among genotypes for seed yield. The average seed yields of genotypes at the first, second and third planting dates were 3235, 2577 and 1867 kg ha-1, respectively and they were also classified asthree different statistical groups. Due to non-significant effect of plant densiy on seed yield, for reduction of seed cost, 32 plants per square meter can be recommended.

Zafar as a new rapeseed cultivar is the cross which was made between 19H and Sarigol line/cultivar in 2003. The pedigree selection was applied to mange the segregating generations. The results of evaluation made during 2008-09 and 2009-10 showed that Zafar with an average seed yield of 3810 kg ha-1 was among superior genotypes identified. Further evaluation on these genotypes as a mid-maturity/spring type rapeseed lines was made under on-farm conditions in mid-lands/highlands of Mazandaran province. The results revealed that Zafar with an average seed yield of 2595 kg ha-1 was superior as compared to Sarigol as the local check cultivar. The results obtained from the experiments conducted under on-farm conditions of mid-lands of Mazandaran province in two locations demonstrated an average 800 kg ha-1 superiority of Zafar cultivar to the check, Sarigol. Additionally, Tolerance to sclerotinia root of Zafar was similar to the reactions of the local check varieties. This variety is considered suitable for cultivation in mid-land of Mazandaran province and similar climatic regions.