اسدالله کردنائیج

Surprise is a phenomenon that all systems face with different natures and levels, and in many cases it can endanger its survival. Surprise is a cognitive state that occurs as a result of unexpected events, and due to having characteristics such as high acceleration and cognitive inconsistency, it can disrupt the decision-making mechanism. The aim of this research is to provide a model to understand the phenomenon of surprise. The current research is a type of basic research with a qualitative approach and using foundation data theory. Based on this, 35 in-depth interviews with specialists and experts in different fields were conducted in the field of how surprises occur and after analyzing the data; The number of 6215 open codes, 200 components and 30 subcategories were identified and finally modeled using the foundation's data theorizing paradigm model. The results show that three categories of capability-oriented, intention-oriented and environment-oriented components are among the causal conditions that explain the phenomenon of surprise. The components of space-time and substrate-speed are among the background conditions, and the components of the outer layer and uncertainty are also among the intervening conditions. Based on this, the main strategies for understanding surprise include the use of systemic thinking in regard to causal conditions and the use of strategic intelligence, which can lead to consequences such as identifying weak signs and processing scenarios related to system behavior, and as a result, reducing surprise from rare events. .

Strategic innovation is a type of innovation that can bring significant consequences and impacts and create considerable changes in markets and industries. However, there is little research on the consequences of strategic innovation, and the purpose of this research is to identify and conceptualize the consequences of strategic innovation in the football industry.

This research is a mixed method (qualitative-qualitative-quantitative), and in terms of purpose, it is applied to developmental research. At first, the meta-synthesis method was used in the qualitative stage, then the case study, and in the quantitative stage, the DEMATEL method was used. A systematic literature review published from 1998 to 2022 was used to collect the data in the meta-synthesis stage. The primary data for the case study was obtained by analyzing the content. Also, in the case study stage, interviews were conducted with 21 experts active in the executive and academic departments of the football industry. Content analysis was used to analyze it, and finally, in the survey phase, using a questionnaire, the DEMATEL technique was used for the final model.

The research results show that the consequences of strategic innovation are categorized into five categories: value creation and customer satisfaction, becoming competitive and improving competitiveness, increasing productivity, new markets and growing market share, wealth creation, and profitability.         

Originality: 

The present research helps managers and activists of the football industry have a comprehensive view of the effects and consequences of strategic innovation in the football industry and achieve these results by applying it in football clubs.

The present study aims to propose the concept of Strategic Innovation. In this research, the qualitative method of concept analysis was used to form concept of Strategic Innovation through abductive and synthetic methods by using existing concepts and insights. For this purpose, articles published after 2000 in the database of Google scholar, Science direct, Web of science, SID.ir and Ensani.ir, which included keywords of Strategic Innovation, were selected. Then results were filtered by the keywords of Designing, Create, Changing, Development, Competitive and Performance. Finally, after reading the abstract of articles, 73 of them deemed relevant to our study and were reviewed. Studies showed that Strategic innovation is related but different from the concepts of Designing, Create, Changing, Development, Competitive and Performance. Characteristics of Strategic innovation are Innovative organizational Culture, dynamic capability, Strategic Agility, creativity, strategic entrepreneurship and Creative Destruction. The components of Strategic Innovation are the types of Strategic innovation (organizational innovation, innovation and redesign of the processes, product/service innovation, and market innovation), the methods of Strategic Innovation (incremental strategic innovation and transformational strategic innovation), the Strategic and Entrepreneurship orientation (strategic renewal, emergent strategies, Advantage and Opportunity-Seeking Behavior, and identifying the changing priorities) and Strategic Competitive behaviors (analyzing the competition mechanisms and the new competition routes). Strategic Innovation is a meta-capability that including a sum of characteristic and components.

IntroductionThe advent of virtual space in the last few decades is one of the main signs of a global transformation. To invest and efficiently use digital technologies, the attention of the senior managers of these organizations has increased towards the process of framing a suitable digital strategy in proportion to the general strategies of the organization. The key challenge of formulating a successful digital strategy is coordinating it with the varying needs of stakeholders in the field of digital technologies. Digital strategy is a practical plan that clarifies the set of necessary actions to determine how to use digital technologies in the main business sectors to attain precise goals that will eventually create new and different value for the stakeholders as well as the transformation of the organization. The digital strategy must integrate all the organization's plans in the field of using digital technologies by creating a digital ecosystem and thus transform the business. Alterations in banking mean rethinking customer relations, innovation in value, and responding to customer needs. Unfortunately, most banks have failed to move towards fundamental changes. Reactions to variations in the digital age are slow, and even in some cases the banking system strongly resists fundamental changes. Because it is hard to change to something you don't know. the current research seeks to provide a roadmap for businesses and organizations that are looking for digital transformation after counting the key components of digital strategy success. Likewise, considering that the atmosphere governing the banking industry is leading in the field of digital transformation compared to other industries, these factors will be investigated in the banking industry to offer more operational solutions. MethodologyThe current research, in terms of the type of data, is in the category of two-way (mixed) research. Likewise, regarding the goal, it is placed in the category of “exploratory (formative)” researches, and in terms of function, it is placed in the category of “applied” researches. Based on the definitions, the current research is a sequential exploratory design, which was first extracted and analyzed by using the evidence related to documents and reports and coding and analyzing the content of the interviews of experts and influential people in the bank. In the quantitative phase, by using DEMATEL, which is a mixed method and only has a quantitative phase in the final phase, it has been determined the significance and priority of the effective factors. To collect information, commonly, two library (document) and field methods have been used. First, to collect information in the field of theoretical foundations and research literature, research-related sources such as theoretical literature on the key success factors of digital strategy were collected, and then data were collected through interviews. The main data in this research was collected through interviews with experts and the semi-structured interview was the basis of the researcher's work. In the current research, firstly, to identify the key success factors of digital strategy, the thematic analysis method was used with the help of MAXQDA software for data analysis, and then DEMATEL was used to determine the priority, significance, and relationships of the factors. Discussion and ResultsThe results of the questionnaire are depicted in the figure below, which shows the pattern of meaningful relations. This pattern is in the form of a chart where the longitudinal axis is D + R values and the transverse axis is based on D - R. The position and relationships of each factor are determined by a point with coordinates (D + R, D - R) in the system. Each factor is examined from four aspects: The degree of influence of the variables: the sum of the elements of each row (D) for each factor designates the influence of that factor on other factors of the system. In the current research, the role of bank governance in applying and solving problems has the most influence. The degree of effectiveness of variables: the sum of the elements of the column (R) for each factor indicates the degree of effectiveness of that factor from other factors of the system. In the present research, human capital is in the highest rank of effectiveness in terms of digital transformation. The horizontal vector (D + R) discloses the influence of the desired factor in the system. Put differently, the higher the D + R value of a factor, the more interaction that factor has with other system factors. In the current research, the role of bank governance in implementing and solving problems has the most influence. The vertical vector (D - R) shows the influence of each factor. Generally, if D - R is positive, the variable is considered a cause variable, and if it is negative, it is considered an effect. In the present research, the role of bank governance in implementing and solving problems are considered to be the effect. ConclusionIn line with the pattern of relationships between the key success factors of the digital strategies of the banking industry of Iran, the DEMATEL technique was used and the diagram of the pattern of relations was mentioned in the previous sections. In this context, it should be stated that the factor of the bank's governance role in implementing and solving problems was identified as the most important factor, and this factor was the most influential, and it was mentioned as one of the most important causes of creating other factors and guaranteeing the success of the digital strategies of the Iranian banking industry. Other factors such as information technology and its infrastructure and international relations and global trends were also identified as the causes of other factors. Likewise, the factor that has the utmost effect on digital transformation and the implementation of digital strategies in banks is human capital in banks. Consequently, banks and organizations in general should do proper planning for their existing and desired human capital.

Business exit strategies are fundamental to ensuring a company's long-term viability. Despite their critical role, this area of research has been surprisingly understudied. This knowledge gap can leave companies unprepared to navigate the complexities of exiting a market or business venture. To bridge this critical knowledge gap, our study conducts a systematic literature review, analyzing research findings from the past three decades (1990-2022). By synthesizing key findings, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current research trends in business exit strategies. This analysis will not only offer valuable insights into existing knowledge but also identify potential gaps and opportunities for future exploration. By understanding the research landscape, we can pave the way for more informed decision-making and successful business exit strategies.
 

We employed a combined approach of systematic literature review and bibliometrics using R programming to analyze trends in business exit research.
 

A co-occurrence network analysis revealed three main thematic clusters in business exit research i.e., performance, asset sales, and survival. These clusters, representing the most frequently co-occurring keywords within the field, exhibit the highest cumulative growth over the past three decades. This highlights their thematic significance in exit strategy research. For instance, "performance" frequently co-occurs with concepts like acquisition, governance, diversification, and decision-making, suggesting its central role in exit decisions. Similarly, a review of co-citations identified management publications as the most interconnected followed by financial management and economics publications. This suggests a disciplinary gap within the research area. Four key research themes emerged from the analysis were exit drivers, exit decisions, exit modes, and consequences. Additionally, several theoretical perspectives emerged, including agency theory, corporate governance, resource-based view, and dynamic capability theory.
 

The research landscape is dominated by studies on exit drivers and exit consequences, often explained through frameworks such as agency theory, transaction cost economics (TCE), resource-based view (RBV), and evolutionary theory. Financial research focuses on the exit's impact on subsidiary performance and parent company financials, while economics explores industry factors influencing exit decisions. Financial researchers primarily investigate the exit's impact on subsidiary performance and the parent company's post-exit financial health. Agency theory is the dominant theoretical framework in this area. Economists examine how micro and macroeconomic factors (industry concentration, growth, size, profitability), economies of scale, capital intensity, and sunk costs influence barriers to entry and exit, ultimately driving business exits. Based on these findings, future research avenues include investigating the role of diversification as a driver of business exits, exploring how corporate governance structures influence both firm performance and exit decisions, analyzing factors contributing to non-optimal timing of business exits, examining the potential for reusing resources in new ventures to facilitate exits and minimize negative consequences, investigating the role of organizational capabilities in early detection of exit signals, and conducting a comprehensive exploration of both internal and external consequences of business exits, along with effective response strategies.

The emergence and rapid growth of cyber and digital space in the last few decades is one of the biggest symbols of global change and transformation. Formulation and implementation of digital strategy has become the main concern of many traditional organizations due to the transformative effects of digital technologies in all aspects of the organization's internal and external environment. Only-digital banking is a form of banking in which all processes are done in a non-physical way and on the basis of digital systems. In the last two decades, digital transformation has greatly changed the platform and forms of banking. In Iran, the banking industry is also one of the pioneers of digital transformation; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the success factors of digital strategies in Iran's banking industry. With the same point of view, in this research, whose pattern was extracted by thematic analysis method, interviews were conducted with 20 Iranian banking industry experts, and finally, a pattern including eight dimensions was identified. The eight dimensions of the aforementioned model include the role of bank governance in implementing and solving problems, changing the business model, human capital at the level of digital transformation, information technology architecture and its infrastructure, organizing the structure and modifying processes, modifying and designing the business environment to realize digital strategies, actors Digital and emerging in the realization of digital strategies, international relations and global trends in digital banking.

The purpose of this article is to understand the basics of strategic decision-making methodology based on the methodological implications of the Holy Quran and with the example of Surah Anfal.

This article is based on the combined mechanism of two methods of denotation research as well as the logic of denotation in the literature of fundamental science. In this regard,, theme analysis and content analysis were used in Atlas for data analysis. ti software, and some implications based on the fundamentals of strategic decision-making methodology were understood and explained.

The result of this methodical process was the extraction of 120 primary codes,16 basic themes 120 primary codes,16 basic themes, and four organizing themes, which were formed under the Qur'an-based strategic decision-making methodology.

Finally, the methodological implications of strategic decision-making are organized under the four general headings of strategic decision-making methodology system, effective components in the processing of strategic decision-making methods, location of evidence for strategic decision-making processing, quality and goodness of explanation.

Today, the development of the Internet and digital platforms has changed customer behavior in marketing channels and increased the number of touchpoints between customers and companies during the customer journey. However, this increase in touchpoints is not always positive for customers. Although providing additional information through different touchpoints may seem like a good idea, it can become ineffective and reduce customer attention, leading to disconnection and less engagement. Thus, analyzing customer journeys has become vital to identifying the enabling and inhibiting factors in both online and offline touchpoints. Personal characteristics such as age and gender can also affect the customer journey as well as channel and touchpoint selection, making it important to address this challenge differently among various businesses depending on their target customers. Young women in the women's clothing industry exhibit unique shopping behavior, spending a lot of time in different stores and channels to evaluate quality and brands. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the enabling and inhibiting factors in the clothing shopping journey of young women.

The research’s approach was a qualitative and exploratory one. The research strategy was a multi-case study, and interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research consisted of the young women in the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, Qom, Fars and Alborz who had the experience of buying clothes from multi-channel clothing stores. Non-probability judgmental snowball sampling method was used to select the sample. The participants' data were collected from the viewpoints of education level (postgraduate, under postgraduate), marital status (single, married), and income (unemployed, employed with a monthly income of less than 10 million Tomans, employed with a monthly income of more than 10 million Tomans). In this regard, interviews were conducted with 12 people, but, in order to increase the accuracy and accuracy of the data, interviews were conducted with 20 people until saturation was reached. The content analysis method was used to analyze the interviews and the obtained codes. The frequency of the analysis units (codes) served to determine their weight or importance. For this purpose, the data were first read line by line, and primary codes were extracted. As many as 398 codes regarding enabling factors and 245 codes regarding inhibiting factors were identified, and they were categorized into 33 concepts in the form of 12 sub-categories and four main categories in the enabling factors and 22 concepts in the form of 12 sub-categories and four main categories in the inhibiting factors affecting customer interactions in digital, physical and common touchpoints.

The study revealed that women's purchasing decisions are influenced by various factors at each stage of the purchasing process. For the appeal stage, storefront attractiveness, social media posts, and clothing models were cited as the most enabling factors, while unattractive storefronts and clothing models were found to be inhibiting factors. As customers transitioned to the ask phase, a suitable store environment, appropriate seller behavior, attractive social media content, and a wide product variety were identified as the most enabling factors. Conversely, creating a sense of distrust, inappropriate seller behavior, and poor admin responses had negative impacts on women's shopping experiences.During the transition from the ask to the act stage, appropriate seller behavior, affordable products, and proper admin behavior in online stores were found to be positive factors. Conversely, inappropriate seller behavior in stores, improper interior design, and inadequate admin behavior in online stores discouraged young women from making a final purchase. In the advocate phase, economical products, appropriate seller behavior, fast and affordable shipping, and trustworthy social media pages were identified as the most common enabling factors for young women to recommend products to others. Inappropriate product shipping, lack of value for money, poor seller behavior, and inadequate admin behavior on the page were noted as the most common inhibiting factors.

The research findings indicate that young women place great emphasis on a variety of factors when making purchasing decisions, both online and offline. For physical stores, the exterior and storefront's attractiveness, as well as the ambiance of the interior environment, are important factors. Additionally, the salesperson's demeanor, provision of relevant information and guidance, and creation of a comfortable buying experience for the customer are crucial. In terms of virtual stores, responsiveness from administrators, the availability of relevant information, building trust with customers, and fast and affordable shipping options are vital considerations. Moreover, product variety, quality, color choices, attractive pricing, and store credibility are significant factors across both online and offline shopping experiences.

Small and medium-sized tourism businesses play an important and valuable role in the tourism industry due to their flexibility and capabilities in the way they provide services, which are not only useful for the sustainability of tourism destinations but also provide opportunities for local sub-sectors in this industry. Therefore, it is important to know the aspects and factors that can affect the performance of small and medium tourism businesses. The current research aims to explain the performance of small and medium tourism businesses by examining the impact of social media and the perception of creativity on entrepreneurial tendency.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs and owners of small and medium tourism businesses in Mazandaran province. According to Cochran's formula, the minimum sample size was calculated to be 217 people. The research tool was a questionnaire that was provided to the sample members electronically, using the snowball sampling method to answer the questions. In this way, the same number of complete questionnaires were collected and used for analysis.

The findings show that Instagram is the most popular social media tool used by small and medium-sized tourism businesses to increase awareness of how to provide services in their business, receive information, and reach customers. The impact of all variables on the performance of small and medium tourism businesses was confirmed to an acceptable level.

Considering the importance and potential of social media in various aspects of business, it is suggested that businesses use these tools more. Moreover, considering the different tastes of users in choosing and using different social media tools, small and medium businesses should limit themselves to not using tools and being active in all apps. These businesses should learn new social media activity algorithms that put valuable content in front of users and use it in their business creatively.

Originality/value:

 Despite the importance of small and medium-sized tourism businesses’ performance and the impact of social media on their operations, little research has been done in this field from the perspective of the activists and owners of this type of business. Therefore, the current research results can be useful for small and medium-sized tourism businesses from a practical point of view.

Introduction The emergence and processing of thought, theory, conceptual, and operational model of theological management of development, and thus the production of Quranic strategic decision-making knowledge, and solving strategic social and civilizational problems and challenges of Islamic-Iranian society depend on their methodical production and processing from revelatory teachings. Like any other scientific structure, the proper establishment of the epistemological structure of strategic decision-making knowledge based on the Quran requires attention to its "nature of paradigm fundamentals". Thus, every field of knowledge, such as the knowledge of strategic decision-making that seeks to enter the empirical reality for change, is rooted in the dominant world-view, and it cannot be designed and implemented without considering its paradigmatic principles. Therefore, to acquire the Qur'an-based knowledge of strategic decision-making, there is no option to adjust it epistemologically from the level of paradigm principals to the empirical level, based on revelatory teachings.MethodologyBased on the combined mechanism of the implication research method and implication logic in the literature of the science of principles and according to AL - ANFAL Surah, the present research sought to understand and explain examples of implications based on fundamentals of Epistemology related to the subject of strategic decision-making using thematic analysis and content analysis in ATLAS.ti software.Results and DiscussionThe research process led to the extraction of  192 primary codes, 14 basic themes, including1. The role of true and credible perceptions in strategic decision-making; 2. The role of the conscientious perceptions in strategic decision-making; 3. The role of the perceptions system in strategic decision making; 4. The decision-maker and in terms of subjectivity and objectivity; 5. The flow of thought elite knowledge in strategic decision making; 6. Discourse knowledge in contrivance and situation of management; 7. Discourse in the field of public knowledge and socio-cultural affairs; 8. Level of tendency (in the field of faith) in strategic decisions; 9. The level of action (in the field of piety) in strategic decisions; 10. The role and place of revelation, intuition, sense and reason in strategic decision making; 11. Credibility of intuitive and face-to-face resources in strategic decision making; 12. Credibility of product resources in strategic decision making, and 6 organizing themes, including: 1. The role and quality of the continuity of true, credible and conscientious perceptions in strategic decision-making; 2. Crystallization of the decision-maker in terms of subjectivity and objectivity; 3. discourse-creating knowledge of change in strategic decision-making; 4. the position of values in strategic decision-making; 5. resources of knowledge in strategic decision-making; 6. validity of knowledge resources in strategic decision-making, under an inclusive implication theme, namely the fundamentals of the Epistemology of strategic decision-making. The results of the present manuscript included an example of the fundamentals of Quran-based Epistemology in the field of strategic decision-making. The connection of this field of knowledge with religious sciences, on the one hand, gives a better and deeper understanding and analysis of events and problems, and consequently a more appropriate action, gives strategic decision-makers, and on the other hand  underlies the production, processing, and development of the theory and knowledge of strategic decision-making of the Quran by researchers, and thus the presentation of specific applied models for strategic managers from the perspective of religious (Quranic) thoughts in research and development objectivity.ConclusionParadigms and models are realized in epistemic, historical, cultural, and social tools and contexts, and even in territorial and regional, and it is required to pay attention to their ecology. If progress is considered as an approach and style of life and specific life world that a school - for example, Islam - has provided for human perfection and life; in addition to inherent features embedded in this lifestyle, the situation of time and place should also be taken into account to implement it and then, an instance should be designed from that life-world and lifestyle so that it can be implemented in that situation of time and place. Accordingly, it is necessary to seriously modify the ideological and practical foundations of macro level decision makers as well as the educational and research system of the country in accordance with the requirements of an Iranian - Islamic culture to respond to the current strategic issues of the country and scientifically and practically update the academic textbooks in the field of strategic management (and particularly strategic decision making). Hence, while enjoying the achievements of today’s knowledge, the epistemic foundations of this knowledge should naturally be adopted from the Quranic teachings and the prophetic tradition - administrators and compatible with Iranian culture.

Despite the importance of strategic innovation in the organization, research in this field is in its infancy and most studies have only described one or more aspects of these influencing factors. The purpose of this study is to identifying and conceptualizing the Antecedents of strategic innovation.

This research is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of purpose, it is applied-developmental research. At first, in the qualitative stage, meta synthesis method was used, then case study, and in the quantitative stage, DEMATEL method was used. To collect the data in the meta synthesis stage, a systematic literature review published in the years 1998 to 2022 was used, and in the case study stage, interviews were conducted with 21 experts active in the executive and academic department of football industry. Content analysis was used to analyze it, and finally, in the survey phase, using a questionnaire, the DEMATEL technique was used for the final model.

Research innovation: 

The results of the present research help managers and activists of the football industry to have a comprehensive view of the antecedents of strategic innovation in the football industry and provide the necessary background and platforms for strategic innovation in the football industry.

Over the last two decades, significant research has been conducted on the role that a strategic approach to purchasing can play in organizations. Despite conducting significant research to identify and develop the dimensions of the issue using theoretical and operational approaches, and in some cases, a pathological point of view to identify and address existing gaps, it appears that a holistic and integrated perspective is necessary for addressing the issue of purchasing strategies. Therefore, the current research focuses on describing studies on purchasing strategies. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive overview of this subject.

In line with the research's purpose, the systematic review methods were evaluated in the first step, and out of the 14 review methods, the scoping review method was chosen. Next, a six-step methodological framework has been introduced and applied to guide the scoping review. These steps include the following. 1) Identifying and defining the research question, 2) Identifying the relevant researches, 3) Selecting studies related to the research question,4) Showing data in tables,5) Sorting, summarizing and reporting findings,6) optional consulting with the stakeholders about the findings.In summary, a scoping review approach was used to examine five credible scientific databases: Scopus, Ebsco, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Emerald. This examination resulted in the extraction of 4697 articles. After three stages of screening, including: 1) evaluating the publication date, title, keywords, and abstract, 2) checking for non-repetitiveness of articles, and 3) conducting an in-depth evaluation of their content, 82 articles were selected for detailed review. The screening framework used was PRISMA, which holds high credibility in the literature of review research.

Based on the results obtained, the publication of articles in this field has been increasing since the beginning of the 21st century. The investigation revealed that empirical methods were used in more than 50% of the articles, while conceptual methods were used in about 16%, and interpretive methods in 11%. Europe, Asia, and America account for 37%, 20%, and 17% of the frequency of empirical articles, respectively. A significant portion of the reviewed articles (49%) have been conducted across various industries, irrespective of a specific sector, with industrial equipment ranking next. In terms of content, the types of purchasing strategies, the impact of purchasing strategies on the organization's performance, and purchasing portfolio models have all gained significant attention. Researchers have examined the factors influencing purchasing strategies and the importance of aligning purchasing strategies with other organizational strategies.

Conducting research using a scoping review approach has advantages over non-systematic review studies, as it ensures greater accuracy and credibility, reducing the likelihood of deviating from the primary research goal. The reason for this is a lack of attention to the research subject and questions, and reliance on improper and sometimes unreliable databases and sources. In this topic, some studies conducted using a systematic review method have attempted to enhance the subject of purchasing strategy by drawing from other concepts and topics. The current research aims to identify the areas explored in the field of organizational purchasing strategies to either advance existing studies or fill gaps in the research.Reviewing and analyzing various types of research conducted since 1994 revealed a significant increase in the number of studies focusing on purchasing strategies and related concepts such as purchasing management, supply management, and supply strategies since the early 21st century. A descriptive and content analysis of these studies was conducted, highlighting the key accomplishments in terms of content.{revised} Despite the equivalent use of "purchase" and "supply" in many types of research and reports, there is a difference between these two concepts.The strategy formation and selection are influenced by internal and environmental factors that impact purchasing strategies (as antecedents).Depending on various internal and environmental conditions, organizations can adopt a wide range of actions and strategies in the field of purchasing. Usually, organizations create strategies by classifying the items they need and implementing methods that may not even be mentioned in the existing literature.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the connection between purchasing strategies and various factors such as purchasing portfolio models, organizational performance, alignment with other strategies across different organizational levels, product life cycle, and supplier relationship management. This issue has been addressed and developed in the scoping review of this research.5. We highlight the gaps concerning the importance of creating diverse, distinct, and adaptable purchasing strategy models. Additionally, there is a need to focus more on conducting industry-level studies in this area that are applicable across various industries.

Digital transformation as a new environmental paradigm is rapidly changing the internal and external dimensions of the business environment. Traditional businesses face more challenges in this new technology-motivated situation. The complexity and high uncertainty of the business environment, the need for more knowledge and experience in transformation management, the high cost of technology adoption, and internal resistance to change are obstacles to decision-making for digital transformation in traditional industries like the fashion retail industry. Lack of information and knowledge of management for reinventing their business model and forming their digital transformation strategies require solutions. To manage the situation strategically, organization leaders need a conceptual model to design their thinking about the path of digital transformation, reduce the ambiguity in their strategic decision-making process, and reduce the waste of resources in their organizational digital transformation. The model would help the organization understand the strategy formation process in digital transformation.

This is an applied developmental study with a descriptive approach. This study developed a new conceptual model using the five-step method of the grounded theory literature review. In this research method, the findings of the existing studies are investigated using content analysis and open and axial coding in the fundamental theory method. The distinction of this method is the possibility of introducing a model and framework derived from the findings of previous studies, which ultimately led to the design of a conceptual model of strategy formation for the digital transformation of fashion retail.

By mining the existing body of literature, 36 studies were systematically screened, and based on content analysis and open and axial coding in a grounded theory approach to the articles' findings, 75 codes and 27 main categories were extracted. In the next stage, the categories were prioritized using the Shannon entropy technique based on the frequency of article codes. The final presented model has three main parts: drivers, dimensions, and consequences of strategy formation in the digital transformation of fashion retail.

Industrial digital transformation drivers include customer push for digitalization, pressure of competitors' progress, and supply chain push. Internal drivers are digital transformation leadership competency, employee readiness, digital technology capacity, financial expectancy, and strategic capacity for digital transformation. Digital technology penetration, sustainability, social and economic trends, and legal requirements are megatrends driving digital transformation. The customer push and the widespread influence of information technology in all aspects of human life are the most crucial drivers of the external environment. The organization's strategic capacity and technological infrastructure are essential internal drivers in forming a digital transformation strategy, which implies the necessity of digital acceptance in context and digital competency in the organization to start the transformation process. These drivers stimulate and direct the digital transformation process in the fashion retail organization. Organizations have no control over these drivers but need to know drivers and their dynamics for the strategy designing stage. The dimensions of digital transformation strategy in fashion retail organizations include customer experience, data and technology management, executive processes and operations redesigning, digital organization, employee experience, and digital supply chain management. Due to retail industry specifications, among the seven dimensions of the digital transformation strategy, customer digital experience, digital technology management, and data management need more investment and attention, and redesigning digital business models according to new opportunities and challenges should be considered. Organizations need strategy, plan, and budget to transform these dimensions.The consequences of digital transformation strategy formation in fashion retail organizations were also classified as value co-creation, financial performance improvement, competitive position and customer satisfaction, organization sustainability, smartness, and increasing efficiency and effectiveness. Although there are multiple consequences of digital transformation in retail organizations, The value co-creation between customers and the retail industry is an essential consequence resulting in emerging innovative products and services. Also, it will direct the fashion retail industry to join the sharing economy and circular economy in the future.

Personality traits play a crucial role in shaping customer purchasing behavior. Cloninger's theory (1993) of temperament and character is a prominent framework in the field of psychology; yet, its application in marketing research has remained limited. Another significant construct in community psychology and marketing studies is cognitive dissonance, which examines post-purchase behavior. This study aimed to explore the impact of Cloninger's temperament dimensions on post-purchase cognitive dissonance, as well as the influence of customer involvement. The sample comprised 234 retail customers and the data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using AMOS 23. The findings revealed that the temperament dimensions of harm avoidance and persistence positively affected post-purchase cognitive dissonance, while reward dependence had a significant negative effect. No significant relationship was observed between novelty seeking and cognitive dissonance. Additionally, customer involvement was found to have a positive effect on post-purchase cognitive dissonance.

In recent years, the increase in touchpoints in various online and offline channels and the increase in the desire of people, especially young people, to check clothes in several channels have made the control and management of the shopping journey complicated for clothing businesses. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a framework of touchpoints in the shopping journey of multichannel clothing for women in their 70s.

The current research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive and qualitative in terms of the nature and method of data collection. The community of participants of this research is made up of women in their seventies who have experience shopping from multichannel clothing stores, which was selected using a targeted method and a bullet-point method and was saturated with exploratory interviews with 20 people. In this research, quantitative data analysis method was used for data coding and analysis.

After analyzing and coding the data, finally 37 touchpoints were identified and labeled in ten subcategories and five main categories.

The results of the research showed that women in the 70s are faced with many touchpoints at different stages of their shopping journey in online and offline channels, and the details of these touchpoints at each stage of the customer journey are described in this framework. Instagram posts and recommendations, the way of interacting with physical and the virtual store admin, the interior environment and the shop window were identified as the most important touch points

There are many contextual factors influencing strategic innovation, which despite their importance have not been comprehensively investigated, hence the purpose of this study is to identify and conceptualize strategic innovation contexts.

This research is developmental-applicative in terms of objective and qualitative-quantitative in terms of approach. In the qualitative part, two meta-composite approaches and case study were used, and in the quantitative part, Dimetal soft modeling was used. The data collection in the meta-combination stage was based on the analysis of the data obtained from the systematic review of studies in the last 24 years (1998 to 2022), the case study stage was an interview with 21 academic and executive experts, and the survey stage was through a questionnaire. Is. For data analysis in the qualitative part, concept analysis, content analysis, and theme analysis, and in the quantitative part, Dimetal technique was used.

The results of the research show that the areas of strategic innovation in the football industry were identified in the form of five categories, which include key stakeholders, political-legal factors, technological factors, social-psychological factors, and competition between industry competitors and the business environment. It was categorized.

Research Innovation: 

The results of this research help managers and those involved in the football industry to make appropriate decisions regarding their clubs by knowing the fields of strategic innovations in the football industry.

Digital transformation is rapidly changing apparel retail organizations. The high speed of new knowledge and the uncertainty of the fashion world do not allow organizations to make strategic plans, and force them to make strategic decisions in this field. Identifying and conceptualizing the drivers of strategic decisions for the digital transformation of apparel retail organizations is the primary goal of this research by using the multi-grounded theory research strategy. In the theoretical grounding stage, twenty-three international articles were selected and codes and concepts were extracted using the metanalysis method. In the experimental grounding stage, interviews were conducted with seventeen experts, and the codes and concepts extracted from the metanalysis stage were re-examined, redefined, and completed. Finally, by going back and forth and enriching the theory, the conceptual framework model of strategic decision-making drivers of digital transformation in Iran's apparel retail was designed. The results indicate that the drivers of strategic decisions for the digital transformation of apparel retail organizations are in seventeen concepts and four categories under the headings of "organizational drivers," industry and market pressure," "government infrastructure requirements," and "environmental macro trends." The economic pressure and the spread of information technology and bio-social changes from the environmental macro trends and the expectation of financial performance and digital infrastructure of the organization and the employees' pressure from the category of organizational drivers and customer pressure and the pressure of the competitive environment from the category of Industry and market pressure seem to have the most importancecompared to other concepts.

As the competition in sports businesses becomes more complex, time and information have become important in decision making. Therefore, intuition can be the best option for entrepreneurs. Therefore, this research seeks to find the role of inspiration in deciding to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities.

This research is in terms of mixed method, in terms of developmental-applicative goal, and in terms of strategy, it is meta-analysis in the review section and Delphi and thematic analysis in the qualitative section.

In the first step, 42 indicators were identified from the 26 articles, in the second step, 29 indicators were extracted by theme analysis and 23 indicators were confirmed by the Delphi method. and in the third step, 40 themes from the lived experience of 6 sports entrepreneur leaders were identified by the research narrative method, the reliability of coding was confirmed by the Holstein reliability coefficient method, and finally, after the combination and integration of the triple steps, 63 indicators were identified, which fit and validity 61 indicators in the form of 10 dimensions were confirmed using t-test and the four criteria of adaptation, comprehensibility, generalization and control.

According to the findings, entrepreneurial inspiration by creating eight roles of intelligence capabilities, improving decision-making, entrepreneurial intention, improving entrepreneurial attitude, facilitating business, strengthening the spirit and personality of the entrepreneur, recognizing the opportunity and the effectiveness of the opportunity in the decision to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities, and by focusing on the dimensions of uncertainty and decision-making Rationality plays a negative role in the decision to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities.

The results of the studies and surveys show that the implementation of the performance audit in the country is not favorable and its goals have not been achieved. The aim of the research is to identify and formulate the best performance audit strategies using Delphi, SWOT and structural-interpretive techniques in order to provide a suitable road map and realize its goals. The research method is a descriptive survey of the applied type and the measurement tool is a paired questionnaire based on the interpretative structural standard. The sample size of the research is 14 experts of the Supreme audit court who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and the time of the research is 2022. The relationships between twenty-six strategic factors for the implementation of performance audit in the Supreme audit court, including seven strengths, six weaknesses, six threats and seven opportunities, were examined and performance audit strategies were presented. The findings of the research show that the Supreme audit court should act based on the orientation based on the extracted strategies, and as a result, aggressive orientation is a suitable approach for the Supreme audit court. Reforming the organizational structure and reward system, protecting audit independence, neutralizing political pressures, amending inefficient and contradictory laws, creating or strengthening the necessary infrastructure, developing performance audit standards, optimal use of scientific and research capacities, protecting auditors' professional competence, neutralizing the effects of sanctions. International is one of the most important performance audit strategies based on structural-interpretive analysis.

Turbulence and environmental dynamics along with disruptive innovations have made the issue of initiative strategic change more important for companies. The role of organizational management in initiative strategic change has been the subject of numerous previous studies with scattered results. This study is to conduct a meta-study and categorize the factors introduced by previous research about the role of organizational management in initiative strategic changes. By providing this objective, more and more researchers can face the multi-dimensional phenomenon of change, and executives can better manage change. 

The philosophical basis of the current research is interpretative and its orientation is developmental. Also, the research approach is based on the induction of library studies that pursue descriptive-exploratory goals. To fulfill the purpose of the article, the systematic review method was chosen which is suitable for summarizing and creating a macro map of the research topic. Therefore, for Investigating the Role of Organizational Management in Implementing Initiative Strategic Changes, according to the systematic review protocol, the articles available in the period from 1990 to January 21, 2021, were reviewed. Finally, 57 articles were found to be eligible for review, the content of these 57 articles was carefully studied and the required data was collected. Finally, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the mentioned data.

The systematic review divided the organization's management into three parts: the board of directors, the CEO, and the senior, middle, and operational management team. The role of the board of directors includes two components: "composition of the board of directors" and "centrality of the board of directors". The CEO's role comprises two components: "CEO's dignity and position in the organization" and "CEO's tendencies and attitudes". Also, based on the findings, the role of the "senior, middle and operational management team of the organization" has three components: "service compensation", "combination of the senior, middle and operational management team" and "dialectical feature of comparison and adaptation". Each of the mentioned components includes indicators that are mentioned in the text of the article. 

The growth and life of any organization depend on ensuring that its managers play the correct role in implementing strategies, especially Initiative strategic changes. This study sought to help organizations with achieving this confidence.  For this purpose, it systematically reviewed the role of organizational management in initiating strategic changes and creating an integrated view of the results of research in this field. Finally, by studying the current research, managers can play their role correctly in facing innovative strategic changes in the competitive world of business and lead their organizations to sustainable superior performance with transformative leadership. Also, the results of this article can be reviewed and criticized by all researchers interested in the field of strategic changes to create a safer path for managers of organizations.

The purpose of this article is to exploring the strategic approaches of innovation development for businesses that intend to have an acceptable position in the future of Iran's agriculture. In-depth interview with 12 selected experts, Delphi method and library document review were the methods of sampling and data analysis. The scope of the research is the entire agricultural sector of Iran.After extracting macro trends, innovation development strategies and specific innovations, by using strategic analysis tools, while extracting the most important environmental factors and the most important internal factors strategic positioning of Iranian businesses was done. Using the Simos method, the extracted strategies and innovations were ranked. The most important weakness of Iranian businesses was the lack of specialized and managerial knowledge and skills, and the most important strength was the possession of young and creative human resources. Widespread small ownership and immaturity of the innovation ecosystem in the agricultural sector were identified as the most important threats, and the richness of Iran's agricultural ecosystem, as well as the creative and educated human capital, were identified as the most important opportunities. Strategic cooperation for the development of applied innovations according to the maturity of the innovation ecosystem was the best strategy and internal commercialization of advanced innovations was identified as the weakest strategy. Innovations related to market efficiency and farm efficiency were identified as the most appropriate innovations and innovations related to advanced farms were identified as the most unsuitable innovations for the development of innovation in Iran's agricultural sector.

The key role of B2B salesperson performance in the growth of sales organizations, the results of different levels of companies and the achievement of the activities of all functions of the organization is clear. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the determinants of salesperson performance based on the perspective of service ecosystem. The research method is fundamental in terms of purpose and Grounded Theory method in terms of data collection method with a classical approach. The research community is the B2B sales experts of the country's food industry companies who have been selected using theoretical sampling. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews with 20 key sales managers and actors. After coding and analyzing the data, the determinants of salesperson performance in three levels of micro, meso and macro service ecosystem have been identified and classified, among which individual factors, salesperson stresses. Individual factors, co-operative factors, sales organization factors and organizational factors were the micro level factors of the service ecosystem. Characteristics of industry, sales actors, orientation between actors and sales methods of industry, determinants of middle level and finally community factors, family factors and macro variables of macro level factors were identified. Researchers, sales and marketing managers of companies by examining the results of this study can get acquainted with the determinants of salesperson performance at different levels of the service ecosystem and from it, to increase and improve salesperson performance, more effectively to use.

Despite the significance of mobile payments, research in this domain is still in its early stages. The objective of this study is to develop a framework for implementing mobile payment in Iran, using a behavioral approach. This qualitative research employed grounded theory methodology. Data was collected through interviews with 19 experts from the first mobile company in Tehran. The validity and reliability of the data collection tool (interview protocol) were assessed using formal and content validity approaches, as well as inter-coder agreement evaluation. Data analysis followed the procedures of grounded theory, including open, axial, and selective coding stages. The study results not only identify the stakeholders of the payment system but also provide a clearer conceptualization and outline various strategic aspects for its establishment. Moreover, the study identifies functions and subsequent consequences of implementing a mobile payment system within the macro environment, suggesting activities such as cultural context development, enhancing user experience, improving revenue models (fees), and personalizing services to strengthen the deployment framework. Overall, these findings offer researchers a basis for investigating more detailed and specific models within a macro and dispersed framework. Furthermore, it enables market participants to consider the diverse steps involved in establishing such systems in their respective fields and estimate potential outcomes.

Unstable and complex environment, increasing competition, rapid changes and developments, technological advances, rapid exchanges and increasing development of communications have led organizations to seek a competitive advantage to differentiate. One of the important factors in differentiating between organizations is the concept of competitiveness. To this end, managers of organizations seek to identify and strengthen the factors affecting competitiveness. Therefore, the present study aims to increase the competitiveness of manufacturing companies, to assess the factors affecting competitiveness using logistics strategies. The present study is in the positivist paradigm with a hypothetical-deductive approach and is considered in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the research includes senior managers, middle managers and support partners of the country's manufacturing companies. Research data were completed and analyzed electronically in the form of a questionnaire of Spilan et al., With 345 questionnaires. The results of structural equation analysis showed that logistics strategies (process, market and information) have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness. Among these strategies, information strategy, process strategy and market strategy had the most impact on competitiveness, respectively. The results also showed that customer service has a positive and significant effect on the impact of logistics strategies on competitiveness. This effect was the highest in the effectiveness of information strategy, market strategy and process strategy in competitiveness, respectively.

Brand excellence is an index that measures the degree of uniqueness and differentiation of the brand from the perspective of customers. Due to the fierce competition among brands in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, as well as the rising expectations of consumers in this sector, brands seek to create distinction and unique associations to show their superiority over competitors.

In the current research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 experts in the field of branding and marketing of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in Iran. These individuals were selected by the purposive sampling method. After analyzing the data with MAXQDA2020 software, 299 open codes, 65 basic themes, 20 organizing themes, and 6 global themes were counted.

The findings of the research show that the dimensions of brand excellence in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry include six global themes: "brand leadership", "brand intelligence", "brand ecosystem", "brand purposefulness", "brand equity excellence (brand strength)", and "dynamic marketing mix".

Based on the results of this research, it was found that the brands that are looking for excellence in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry should pay special attention to the 6 listed global themes in their branding strategies.