اسما پورطاهری

The rising incidence of sexual risk behaviors among adolescents has prompted the international community to prioritize the reduction of AIDS in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Consequently, this study, considering the importance of theory-based education, evaluated theory-based educational interventions aimed at preventing high-risk sexual behaviors in adolescents.

We searched all the English articles from 2000 to 2022 on the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, APA Psycnet, and Cochrane Library databases. Two independent researchers reviewed all the articles. Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for quasi-experimental studies was used to evaluate the quality of included studies.

Out of 7704 articles screened, 29 eligible articles were included in this study. The Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory, Protective Motivation Theory, Planned Behavior Theory and Information Motivational Behavioral Skills Model were the main conceptual models. Educational interventions that utilized the Health Belief Model, Planned Behavior Theory, and Protective Motivation Theory, achieved the highest intervention score. The results showed that theory-based training could be effective in behaviors such as using condoms, avoiding sexual intercourse, delaying the initiation of sexual intercourse, and having multiple sexual partners.

The results show that theory-based education can be effective in reducing high-risk sexual behaviors. The results can assist researchers in evaluating various aspects of past interventions and in designing an effective educational program. Additionally, in response to social changes, new educational methods could be selected.

Background and Object: 

Healthy children achieve better educational outcomes, which in turn is associated with improved health later in life. Health promotion schools The World Health Organization is a comprehensive research to promote health and academic achievement in schools. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education provided in health promotion schools on various aspects of students' health.

The present study was a systematic review. Four international databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and domestic Magi ran and SID databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, were searched using various keywords related to health-promoting schools. The risk of bias was reduced with the participation of two authors who assessed the quality of the study and the eligibility of the articles included.

After searching the databases, a total of 1213 articles were found. The age of the students ranged from 5 to 18 years, all studies reported the age and sex of the participants. No studies had long-term follow-up (more than 24 months). Among the studies, 6 studies received positive and significant results from the educational interventions provided in health promotion schools, and 2 studies from the educational intervention did not receive their expected results.

According to the results of this systematic review, studies in the field of health promotion schools do not have the necessary quantity and quality. Considering the importance of health promotion schools, it is necessary to conduct more quality studies and support measures from related organizations in this field.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic diseases in Iran and every year a large number of children under10years of age are infected with it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive behavior of leishmaniasis based on the PRECEDE model in families with children under 10 years.

The present study is a cross sectional study that was performed on240Families with children under 10 years old in the Sankhast ward of North Khorasan province. The data collection tool was a researcher questionnaire that included demographic questions and structures of the questionnaire model (knowledge, attitude, reinforcing factor, and enabling factor). Sampling was performed in several steps. Data was entered into SPSS16 software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, correlation coefficient, multiple linear regressions.

The highest mean a score was obtained by the reinforcing factor (24.3 ± 22.80) and the lowest mean a score was obtained in the performance section (48.46 ± 15.66). The results of the regression model showed that knowledge (0.28), attitude (0.16), and enabling factors (0.14) had the highest predictive power of mothers in controlling and preventing disease, respectively. Overall, the structures of the PRECEDE model predicted21%of the variance of the preventive behavior of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The PRECEDE model is a good theoretical framework for the prevention of leishmaniasis. Designing and implementing an educational program based on the PRECEDE model in the population at risk will be an effective step in controlling leishmaniasis. Because the prevalence of leishmaniasis is higher in rural areas, it is more important to consider the conditions of the rural people in order to implement the educational program

Nowdays, mental workload is one of the most important issues in the workplaces.Various factors affect the cognitive capacities of individuals which may lead to human errors. Due to the nature of the work and the use of tools and equipment in the tuna fish factory, the risk of accidents increases as a result of human error.The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of accidents and the relationship between the accidents and mental workload in the tuna fish factory. This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was carried out on all of the 48 employees of the Zagros Parsian Factory. Nasa-Tlx questionnaire was used to collect data. Accident statistics were obtained through self-reported and recorded accident documents. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using t-test, linear regression, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The results showed a significant relationship between sex and the rate of the accidents (P-Value<0.009). The Accident requency Rate (AFR) determined to be 195. The average of the mental workload was higher than the desired 50% level. The mean of accidents in women (27.82) was higher than that of the men (16.46). There was a significant relationship between the frequency of accidents and the total mental workload (P-Value<0.04). This significant relationship was observed in the production saloon (P-Value<0252). Also, regarding the mental workload subscales, there was a significant correlation between the performance and mental workload (P-value<044) and the amount of boredom and mental workload (P-Value<0.0001). According to the results of this study, mental workload is likely to affect the frequency of accidents. Therefore, implementing a program to modify the mental workload, such as revising the work hours and resting periods seems necessary

Backgroun: Food-born diseases are caused by entrance of microbial pathogens into food chain and handling is the main cause of food-born disease transportation. A lot of studies have been accomplished in other countries and some progress in food handling behaviors has been identified. Because of the importance of the issue and limited studies in Iran, the current study was carried out with the aim of investigating food handling behaviors among woman in Kerman. This is a cross-sectional study. Research community was a group of women in Kerman being responsible for home food preparation. Data were collected using a questionnaire subsuming personal characteristics and food handling behaviors in the four sections of Cleaning, Separating, Cooking and Chilling. A total number of 320 women participated in the study with cluster random sampling. ANOVA and frequency distribution tables were used for data analysis. Totally, 52% of the participants prepared their foods always at home and 44.4% consumed outdoor foods less than 1 servings per week. Participants earned 34.52±2/94 out of 40 scores in clean section, 30.99±2.97 out of 36 scores in cross contamination section, 26.25±2.54 out of 32 scores in cooking section and 37.87±2.88 out of 56 in chilling section. In cleaning section the most reported behaviors were washing hand after raw meat, chicken and fish exposure and avoiding unwashed fruits consumption. The most reported unhealthy behavior in this section was tasting food for decay. In cross contamination section, the most unhealthy reported behavior was putting raw meat lower than cooked meat in refrigerator. In cooking section, reported behavior was not consuming raw local milk and the less reported behavior was bubbling the conserved foods for at least 20 minutes. The less reported behavior in chilling section was cooling the cooked food in the room temperature and the most reported behavior was maintaining egg in refrigerator. There was no significant difference in mean score of food handling behaviors and the demographic subscales such as age, educational level, job, marriage status, family size and number of children.. Also there was not a significant difference in mean score of food handling behaviors by number of food serving which were prepared at home and also number of outside meals. The level of food handling behavior among participants are not at a favorable level especially in chilling section which can be due to their low level of knowledge in this area. Therefore, researches and educational programs should be conducted addressing the strong and weak orientations in each section of food handling behaviors.