اسماعیل فرزانه

Poisoning is one of the common causes of hospital emergency department referrals, especially in adolescents and young people; therefore, knowing the pattern of poisoning will be helpful in identifying risk factors and early detection of poisoning. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of acute poisoning in adults referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil from 2017 to 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, 755 cases related to poisoned patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil from 2017 to 2020 were reviewed. The extracted data include ward, gender, age, marital status, place of residence, general status, cause of poisoning, and time of referral, were recorded on the checklist. Obtained Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and SPSS25 software.

The results showed that drug poisoning, opium (opium and its derivatives) and pesticides were the first to third ranks of the most poisoning agents. Most of the poisoned patients were men, married, in the age group of 21 to 30 and living in urban areas. Most of the poisonings were intentional and 33 deaths (4.4%) happened due to poisonings. The cause of poisoning had a significant relationship with age, sex, marital status, place of poisoning (p<0.05) but had no significant relationship with the general condition and time of patients' referral.

Acute poisoning is a major health problem in Ardabil province. The results show that the three agents of drug poisoning, opium and pesticides are the main means of poisoning in adults. Most cases of poisoning occurred in young and adult groups and were in the age range of 21 to 30 years. Poisonings occurred in people aged 31 to 40 were more due to amphetamine. Poisoning with aluminum phosphide tablets had increased compared to before. Consumption of aluminum phosphide is one of the problems of today's societies and it was one of the main causes of death in this research, so it is better to provide necessary measures for management and training for its correct use. Also, by limiting the use of these agents and replacing other methods and techniques, poisoning with these agents can be reduced.

The aim of this study was to introduce the Karganrood River as one of the safe routes for releasing sturgeon fry. Karganrood River is located in the west of Gilan province in Talesh city. In the river, 3 sampling stations were considered. The range of changes in dissolved oxygen was 8.21 to 8.87 mg/l. The pH value ranged from 9 to 9.43. The amount of ammonia in station 3 was highest and in station 1 was the lowest amount. The amount of nitrite and nitrate was reported the highest in station 3. Oxygen and pH at releasing time were 8.46 mg/l and 9.24, respectively. Biomass of chironomidae, Gamarus and insect larvae in station 3 were significantly more than stations 1 and 2 (P<0.005). The amount of organic matter in stations 1 and 3 was significantly more than station 2 (P<0.005). In the 3 stations, sand percent was significantly more than clay and silt (P<0.005). Study on percent of sediment granulation in 3 stations showed that there is no significant differences in clay percent among stations 1, 2 and 3 (P>0.005) and silt was present only in station 1. One thousand juveniles of Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) with an average weight of1.56 ±0.58g and an average length of 8.58±1.23cm were released at the third station. 95 juveniles of Stellate sturgeon were tracked from releasing place up to near the estuary. After 7 hours from the releasing time, 4.1% of total released juveniles were caught by the net located in the estuary.

The study of effect four diets formulated containing vegetable oils including canola and corn oils and their mixture, in three replications each, was carried out to feed N. diversicolor during two months. At the end of the experiments, growth performance in each treatment included total biomass, L3 length, specific growth rate (SGR), body weight increase (BWI), and survival rate were measured. Biochemical composition including total protein, total fat and fatty acid profile of diets and worms body carcass were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth performance of worm from diets containing different oils with control treatment (worms fed from diet of without oil). The results indicate that the fat in the diet has no effect on the growth of the worms, but the presence of these vegetable oils in carcass composition was important. The results of this study showed that all saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the diet, except of the control treatment in the N. diversicolor, were higher than their dietary. In the present study, N. diversicolor, fed from diet containing of canola oil, had the highest ⍵-3 fatty acids. The highest EPA level and ratio of ⍵-3/⍵-6 in the worms fed canola oil were higher than formulated diet containing canola oil. Totally, treatment 1, including diets containing canola oil, was more suitable for increasing the growth perfoermance and unsaturated fatty acids of worm than other treatments.

According to the climatic, ecological and hydrological conditions in the Caspian Sea and according to the Caspian Sea is an enclosed inland body of water and habitats for many valuable aquatic species and endangered sturgeons, it is necessary that comprehensive studies are conducted before any development on fish culture in the sea. This project was financially supported by the Fisheries Organization of Guilan Province and was conducted in the International Sturgeon Research Institute in order to investigate abiotic factors for sturgeon cage culture in Jafroud region of Anzali Port (depth of 50 m) for one year. Physico-chemical factors were investigated monthly. The investigations were carried out in four stations in cage and one station outside the cage (20 m in the opposite direction of water flow in the west). The abiotic conditions for fish cage culture including physico-chemical factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, salinity as well as nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, electric conductivity and total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured monthly. physico-chemical factors in rearing cage significantly did not affected (p<0.05) growth rate of Huso huso. Also results obtained from this study revealed that there were no significant differences between parameters inside and outside of the cage (p<0.05). However, significant effects of variations in TSS, Total Organic Matter (TOM) and grain sediments factors levels were observed in inside and outside of the cage (p<0.01).The results of abiotic factors found around the stations are in the range of the allowable concentrations of theses parameters for culture. Considering to the environmental findings, the results of this study provides the useful information for fish culture to manage well based on the water quality and hydrological foreseen. The results from this study can enable managers to obtain necessary data to evaluate the rearing capacity of fish in marine cage to issue the permits for sturgeon culturists.

The novel conductive nanocomposite and composite from polyaniline (PANI) were prepared. The composites were synthesized by in situ oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline on silica- and nanosilica-supported sulfuric acid. The reaction was carried out in a mortar and ammonium persulfate was used as oxidant under solvent-free condition at room temperature. Structure, size and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite and composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Conductivity was measured by four-probe technique and revealed that the samples not only had the conductivity in the range of conductive polymers (~ 0.4 S/cm) but also they showed high conductivity as composites and blends of polyaniline reported by others. Synthesis of composites (nanocomposites) and formation of polarons were confirmed by FTIR and UV-Vis. SEM images showed that silica particles were thoroughly coated by PANI and all were amorphous. According to the TEM and AFM images, particle size in composite and nanocomposite was in the range of 1-5 μm and 35-49 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the surface morphology, shape and dimensions of particles obtained by AFM strongly supported the SEM and TEM observations related to polymer deposition on the silica particles. The key benefits of the approach used in this research are the preparation of novel conductive composite and nanocomposites with the polaron structure under green chemistry condition of dopant solid acids including silica- and nanosilica-supported sulfuric acid.

The aim of current study was comparison the maximal fat oxidation and the exercise intensity elicit maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) between trained and untrained girls. 10 healthy untrained (exercising 55% VO2max (P

Electronic databases are the most important sources of information and use of these resources in each university to be considered as key indicators of development. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of Ardabil medical students in using of electronic information resources. in this descriptive cross sectional study 250 students in fields of medicine، Para medicine، health and nursing selected by classified randomly sampling method and their knowledge about information resources evaluated by a questionnaire which its validity and reliability was checked by scientific methods. Collected data analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency، percentage، means) and analytic statistic Chi-square test through SPSS. 65% of samples have no familiarity with digital library. The mean total rate of student’s familiarity with information resources was about 46. 5%. Latin and Persian databases that were used most by students were EBSCO (36. 4%) and SID (26. 4%) respectively. There is no significant difference among students with different filed of study in using information resources. Results showed that the knowledge of students in using electronic information resources was in lower rate. Therefore، designing a program for encouraging students to use more and better of these resources is necessary.

Advances in science and improved treatment and also organ transplant from patients with brain death cause the quality of life and raise the life-expanse in patients with organ failures. Organ donation varies depending on the customs, traditions, religious beliefs, cultural and knowledge of peoples about brain death. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of Ardabil people about organ donation. This was a cross sectional descriptive study that has been done on 351 samples who selected randomly from society by classification sampling method. Data collected by a questionnaire that validity and reliability was checked. We used descriptive and analytical statistical methods by SPSS.16 for analysis data. According to results more than 70 % of people agree with organ donation in brain death and considered it altruistic, and the role of media in the culture, including the people for the organ donation and donor card was important. There was a significant relation between organ donor and brain death (p<0.01) It was necessary that we must design proper strategic planning and programing based on cultural, beliefs and social properties of people to eencourage people to donate organs for transplantation to the needy.

The medical complaints are one of problems which will cause the criminal or legal prosecution of dentists. One of concerns of dentists is side-effects of treatment and subsequently, the patient complaint is not an impossible issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and reasons of patients complaints against dental practitioners in Ardebil during 2001-2011. In this is descriptive- intersectional study, forms including 12 questions for 51 patients related to dental complaints were completed. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS.17 by statistical tests such as Chi-square and t-test. 51 cases included 35 male (68.6%) and 16 female (31.4%). The mean age of complaints was 35.5 years old, and average age of dental practitioners was 44.1. Most complaints were about endodontic procedures with 18 cases (35.3%) and dental surgery with 15 cases (29.4%) next. The highest rate of compliance related to unskilled dentists with 17 cases (33.3%). The highest rate of complaints was about private dental offices with 72.5%. Results showed that one of the most important reasons of patient’s dissatisfaction and from dental practitioners is communicative problem and unfair behavior of dentists to patients. In many cases, their conflicts are verbal and their disagreement. Also, increase of medical costs would increase the expectations of patients from treatment and therefore, the increase of complaints.

Increasing population growth increases the demand for agricultural products and food. Nowadays، number of accidental or intentional poisoning among pesticide users is high due to lack of adequate familiarity with agricultural pest control and pesticide storage principles. The aim of this study was epidemiologic evaluation of poisoning due to pesticides in patients referred to Ardabil city hospitals in 2011. This descriptive study has been conducted on 245 patients hospitalized in Ardabil city hospitals. Information on age، gender، residence place، job، marriage status، pesticide type، cause of poisoning، poisoning season، mental and physical diseases history، and clinical symptoms was collected through a checklist and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods such as table، graph and mean±SD using SPSS. 16. 162 patients (66. 1%) were female with the rest being male. The mean age of cases was 30. 52 years and the most prevalent age group was 20-30 years with 89 cases (36. 3%). The highest number of patients was admitted in summer season with 112 cases (39. 7%) and the poisoning in 91 cases (77. 95%) was intentional. 29. 4، 42، 51. 8، 86. 9، 29، and 7. 8% of cases were admitted with respiratory، neurological، ocular، gastrointestinal، cardiovascular، and renal symptoms. Aluminium phosphide with 86 cases (35. 1%) was the dominant type of pesticide. Regarding to pesticide poisoning mortality، financial burden، and morality; it is necessary to take educational measures to protect people against poisoning.

Poisoning is a common cause of hospital emergency visits in many countries. Incidence of poisoning is different based on cultural and economic characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of poisoning in pediatrics. This cross sectional study was performed on 336 patients under 13 years of age referring to Bu-Ali hospital during five years (2007-2011). Variables such as age, sex, residency place, hospitalized duration, cause of the poisoning, clinical signs, treatment and outcome were obtained by a checklist. Collected data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS v16. Among the subjects, 197 patients (58.6%) were male. The average age of the children was 4.1 years and the most common age range was 1 to 4 years with (210 patients, 62.5%). The mean duration of hospitalization of children was 1.7 day (SD= 0.2), 77.7 % of the children were living in the city and the summer was accounted as a common season in which the patients referred to the hospital (32.7 %). The most used materials were drugs with 60.71% and in 86.6% of patients the cause of poisoning was accidental. Results showed that the most common cause of poisoning among children are drugs and methadone was the most commonly abused substance. It requires that parents should be trained about keeping their children away from drugs somewhere.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glutamine supplementation on intensity of precived pain and Creatine Kinase after eccentric contraction in untrained men. Eighteen healthy men (age: 22. 35 ±2. 27 yr; body mass: 69. 91 ±9. 78 kg; height: 177. 08 ±4. 32 cm) were matched and randomized; double-blind study with subjects assigned to either an L-glutamine supplementation (n=10) or placebo (n=8) group. The subjects in two groups were asked to take three times in week for 4 weeks. Each subject was screened for dietary habits before inclusion into the study. Participants performed 6 set to exhaustion eccentric leg extensions at 75% of 1RM and rest intervals were 3 minute among sets. Creatine Kinase and perceived muscle soreness measurements were taken before exercise protocol and 24 and 48 h afterwards. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in Creatine Kinase. Nonetheless، glutamine ingestion 24 and 48 hour after the eccentric exercise، Significant decreases were observed in muscle pain (P < 0. 05). The results indicate that glutamine supplementation has no significant effect on muscle injury markers (Creatine Kinase) in between groups، but ingestion of glutamine can be effective in ameliorating muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise in between groups.

Poisoning is one of the most common causes that referred to the Emergence and one of the most important Medicine immediacy. Correct and immediate diagnosis and accommodative treatment can be life saving. Knowing the overall pattern of poisoning in any geographical area would help to better manage and treat the victims. In a cross sectional descriptive study, the required information was collected from the records of patients showing drugs and chemical poisoning who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital Collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 2852 case of poisoning, 106 people passed away due to severe complication. Of these 56.8% were men and 43.2% were women. The majority of cases (76.8%) were from urban areas. Suicide was the main cause of poisoning (66.53%). Accidental poisoning was recorded for 5.01% of cases. In 28.45% of cases, the cause of poisoning was not identified. The age group 21-30 years made the highest number of cases (52.3%). Tramadol, Benzodiazepines and Aceteminophen were the most poisons used respectively. Benzodiazeine was the most taken drug is in suicide (19.97%). Results showed that poisoning with Tramadol and Benzodiazepines is high in Ardabil Province. Opioids, Aluminum Phosphide and Organophosphores are the main causative of death in poisoned victims in the province of Ardabil.

The most common drug poisoning in Iran، especially in Tehran، is poisoning with tramadol which is a synthetic analgesic. Like poisoning with other opioids، poisoning with tramadol is commonly treated using naloxone. As documented in poisoning references، seizure is a serious and dangerous side effect of this poisoning. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of seizure between patients with tramadol overdose who received or did not receive naloxone in Imam Khomeini Hospital، Ardabil، Iran. In this cross-sectional، descriptive study during 2007-10 data about 122 patients with tramadol overdose in Imam Khomeini Hospital was collected using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS. Males constituted 89. 3% of the participants (n = 109). The mean age of subjects was27. 0 ± 7. 2 years. Seizure was observed in 21 persons (17. 2%). No significant relationship existed between seizure and sex، age، and history of addiction to tramadol and other opioids (P > 0. 05). Among the 60 subjects who received naloxone، 28. 3% had seizure. The prevalence of seizure in persons who did not receive naloxone was 11. 2%. The highest prevalence of seizure caused by naloxone was seen during the first 1. 5 hours after injection. The lowest dose of naloxone that caused seizure was 1000 mg. Seizure caused by tramadol had no relationship with sex، age، and history of addiction to tramadol or other opioids. Moreover، seizure occurrence is rare in therapeutic dosage. Using naloxone in treatment of tramadol overdose increases the risk of seizure.

The multiple roles of dietary protein and key amino acids such as leucine and glutamine create a variety of potential applications for athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of glutamine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and electromyographic activity (Mean power frequency, Median frequency) after eccentriccontraction in untrained men. Seventeen healthy men (age: 22.35 ±2.27 yr; body mass: 69.91 ±9.78 kg; height: 177.08 ±4.32 cm) were matched and randomized; double-blind study with subjects assigned to either a glutamine supplementation (n=9) or placebo (n=8) group (0.1gr.Kg-1). The subjects in two groups were asked to take three times in week for 4 weeks. Each subject was screened for dietary habits before inclusion into the study. Participants performed 6 sets to exhaustion eccentric leg extensions at 75% of 1RM and rest intervals were 3 minute among sets. Creatine kinase and EMG activity measurements were taken before exercise protocol and 24 and 48 hours afterwards. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in creatine kinase, EMG activity, knee range of motion, perceived muscle soreness and maximal voluntary contraction (P>0.05). The results indicate that glutamine supplementation has no significant effect on muscle injury markers in between groups.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is common through the world including Iran. Because of its chronic nature and lack of effective treatment, patients are always anxious and stressful and physicians are also exhausted of untreated patients. The cause of IBS is unclear and it has not effective treatment. Therefore, there is a need to find and introduce a proper method of treatment to control symptoms including abdominal pain and defecation changes. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of probiotic yogurt on the general relief of symptoms associated with IBS. Subjects were recruited from patients of gastroenterology clinic in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil. A total of sixty patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria took part in this study. Subjects were randomized into two groups of trial and control. Pre- and post- treatment symptoms were investigated using a questionnaire. Thirty one patients received probiotic and 29 patients normal yogurt for 4 weeks. Bottles of yoghurt were manufactured, and coded by a company. Both participants and researcher were blinded for the bottle's code. The symptoms were followed before and after two and four weeks of treatment and two weeks post- discontinuing of trial, too. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 17) and differences between groups were compared statistically using of chi-square and t-test. A total number of 60 patients were recruited in this study of whom 36 (60%) were female and 24(40%) male. The average age of participants was 34.1±9 which did not differ between two groups. The onset of symptoms did not show any difference between two groups. The trial group had a history of 5.7±5.1 years while this was 6.5±4.9 for the controls. In overall, patients who were given probiotic yogurt had shown a better response in the control of abdominal pain and flatulence than those who were treated with normal yogurt. There was not a significant difference between two groups in the response to treat for other symptoms including epigastric pain, vomiting, frequency of defecation and feces consistency. According to our research, adding probiotic yogurt to the patient diet may help ease symptoms of IBS especially, abdominal pain and flatulence. Considering the high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and the lack of effective therapies, even a slight reduction in symptoms can have positive public health consequences.

Backgraound: Repeated suicidal attempts are common in patients with drug and chemical poisoning. This study was conducted at poisoning referral hospitals in Tehran to determine the role of different factors in repeated suicide attempts with drug and chemical agents.

In this case-control study, 19 subjects with a history of previous suicidal attempts, (cases) and 54 individuals without this history, (controls) were selected from patients admitted with drug poisoning in the poisoning referral hospitals in Tehran, from August to October 2009. We matched the two groups regarding age, gender and level of consciousness. Demographics, poisoning characteristics, past medical history and substance use history of the patients were recorded. SPSS version 16, variable bit SD indicators, qualitative variables and frequency tables for the comparison between the two groups Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis..

History of mental illness, (100%, 0.01> P), mean of number of tablets ingested (N=40), interval between drug consumption and emergency forces to reach the place (4±2.1 h), history of deliberate self poisoning (100%, P =0.001), failed resuscitation efforts in comatose patients, (51%, P =0.02) and the need for intensive care and follow-up,(37%, P=0.013) were higher in patients with a history of previous suicide attempts compared with the control group. Also, previous history of attempted suicide with drugs was associated with decreased level of consciousness, (P =0.04).

Patients with drug poisoning and a history of previous attempted suicide are at high risk for morbidity and mortality, needing special management strategies.

One of the limitations in management of patients suffering from decreased level of consciousness due to drug poisoning is the inability to interview the patient. The aim of the study was to compare characteristics of the two subgroups of these patients; those who had a suicidal attempt history with others. In this cross-sectional study, 19 patients with suicidal attempt history and 66 patients without this history were selected among patients who were admitted for drug poisoning to referral poisoning hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in August, September and October 2009. All of them had decreased level of consciousness due to unknown drug poisoning. Demographics, poisoning characteristics, past medical history and substance use history of the patients were recorded. Different between previous history of suicide action with drug material decreased level of consciousness caused by poisoning, was significantly (p=0.04). Mental disease (p> 0.01), number of tablets consumed (p=0.02), interval between drug consumption and emergency forces to reach the place (p=0.021), described in deliberate self poisoning patients (Self Poisoning) (p=0.001), decreased level of consciousness grade (p=0.046), U.S. fail initial level of consciousness after emergency measures (p=0.02) and the need for health care and advanced next (p= 0.013) in patients with decreased level of consciousness with a history of previous suicide compared with other group were higher. Significant difference between the two age groups (P> 0.05), gender and history of illegal drug use (P> 0.05) did not exist. According to these findings, when dealing with patients suffering from decreased level of consciousness due to unknown drug poisoning, paying attention to history of suicidal attempts in these patients can help medical professionals in determining more effective treatment options for them. Medical staff should also record previous suicide as a risk factor in the risk assessment to consider the disease.

Suicide is an important problem for social safety and health. This phenomenon is costly for remedy and also is against Islamic values and ethics. Recognizing some risk factors of forecasting after epidemiologic studies on people whom attempted to suicide could prepare and present outlines and proper guides for preventing by health and social planners. This research is purposed on suicide epidemiologic study to obtain full and enough data about deceased people by suicide in Ardebil province. The subjects of this descriptive, analytic and sectional research were 64 deceased people by suicide from 2003-2008, who were registered in Bualy, Fatemu, Alavi Hospital and Forensic Medicine of Ardabil Province. The Data was gathered by a researcher designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. The highest rate of suicide belonged to age rank of 15-24 years (43.8 %), which occurred in female (62.5 %), married people (57.8 %) urban society (65.6 %) and patient without past chronic physical illness or psychiatric history and without pre-attempt suicide. Self poisoning by drugs and toxins were the most common used method in this case (90.6 %). Orderly the most common used drugs were Organo-Phosphorate Toxins, Tricyclic Antidepressants and Aluminum Phosphid. This research is indicating various risk factors such as sex, age, marriage status, residing place of society and easy access to drugs and toxins. According to obtained results, it is better or proper to accomplished related education and training of preventation and interference of mental health in second and third decades of life with allocation of much time for females (especially married). We suggest paying more attention to education, preventation, diagnosis and treatment of poisoning especially poisoning by most common drugs and toxins.