فهرست مطالب اصغر پوراسمعلی

The importance of relationship beliefs and patterns in shaping and determining the quality of couple’s relationships is undeniable. This beliefs like any other variables derived from many factors such as internal processes and personality characteristics as well as environmental factors and social texture. The purpose of the present study is investigation the role of family-of-origin function and neuroticism in relationship beliefs of divorce applicant couples. In this research that is a correlation study, from the divorce applicant couples in Ardebil city, 200 person were selected using the purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were neuroticism subscale of the Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) (McCrae and Costa, 1985), Family of origin Scale (Hovestadt and et al, 1985) and relationship Beliefs inventory (Eidelson and Epstein, 1982). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise regression method. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between couple’s beliefs and neuroticism. Among the components of the family-of-origin function, the components of expressiveness, respect and conflict resolution have a negative and significant relationship with couples' relationship beliefs. The results of regression analysis also showed that neuroticism and explicit expression and trust components were the best predictors of the relationship beliefs of couples. Of course, neuroticism has a greater role in explaining of that beliefs. The results of present study showed that low levels of neuroticism and family-of-origin’s normal function can predict effective relationship beliefs that the result of this issue is reduction of marital conflicts.

The aim of the present study is to examine the effectiveness of trancecranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on reduction of craving, depression and anxiety in students with tramadol abuse.
This research is an experimental single subject (ABA) study. The population of this research is total students of tramadol abuser of Mohaghegh Ardabili University that among them, three students were selected by non-accidental sampling method that were volunteer to participate in this research. For gathering the data, Franken craving quesionnare (2002) and Lewinda depression anxiey scale (1995) were utilized. Treatment sessions of trancecranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in 10 sessions 20 minutes was performed which anode electrode was placed on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) and cathode electrode was placed on right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4) and 2M/A severity of electrical current was traced from scalp. According to being single subject of this research, for analyzing of data, procedural changes, slope, improvement percentage, and effect size level were used for every patient.
The results indicate the effectiveness of this method on reduction of craving, depression of tramadol abusers, therefore it is suggested for addiction therapist and psychotherapist to use trancecranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as a intervention method in treatment of these patients.

Resilience is one of the important issues in health psychology. Many studies have examined the factors related to it. The aim of this study was to predict the resilience of primiparous women by emotional intelligence, and positive and negative affect.
This research is a descriptive cross–sectional study. The statistical populations consisted of all primiparous women in Ardabil in 2015. 122 women from birth control health centers were selected through available sampling method. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were used for gathering the data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used for data analysis by SPSS version 20.
The results revealed that there are significant relationships between emotional intelligence, and positive and negative affect with resilience (P According to the results of the present research, pregnant women who had more positive affect and emotional intelligence had more resilience.

Marital burnout is a consistently observed essential factor for divorce in most literature and is influenced by many factors including neuroticism¡ family of origin¡ relationship beliefs and couple communication patterns. This study was carried out to investigate the direct and indirect effects of enduring vulnerabilities (neuroticism¡ family of origin¡ relationship beliefs) by communication patterns in marital burnout of divorce-seeking couples.100 divorce-seeking couples completed measures of Couple Burnout Pains (CBM)¡ Neuroticism component of Neo Personality Inventory) NEO-FFI(¡ Family of Origin (FOS)¡ Relationship Beliefs (RBI) and Communication Patterns Questionnaire-Short Form (CPQ-SF) in Ardabil¡ Iran. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that direct paths of neuroticism¡ relationship beliefs¡ positive and demand/withdraw communication patterns to marital burnout were significant. Also direct paths of neuroticism and relationship beliefs to demand/withdraw pattern; and Family of origin and relationship beliefs to positive pattern were significant. Also¡ the results of this study revealed that the indirect relationship between neuroticism and relationship beliefs to marital burnout through demand/withdraw pattern¡ and indirect relationship between family of origin and relationship beliefs to marital burnout through positive pattern were significant. The results of the present study shows that enduring vulnerabilities of couples lonely or with communication patterns can have a role in marital burnout in lifespan and also this result can help experts in process of premarital consultation and couple therapy.

Introductin: Art therapy is a creative way to growth and promotion of people's physical, mental and emotional health. Unfortunately, we had no study about effectiveness of art therapy to reduce people's mental problems with stuttering. The present study performed to examine the effectiveness of art therapy based on painting therapy to reduce anxiety of children with stuttering.

This research was semi-experimental study (pre-test, post-test with control group). The Statistical sample included 30 children with stuttering that were selected with nonprobability method from speech therapy centers of Tabriz city and they were randomly allocated to two equal groups including experimental and control. (N=120). Spence children’s anxiety scale (1997) was used in order to assessment of anxiety, experimental group during 12 sessions of 30 minutes (twice per week) began free painting under the supervision of therapist. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software and one way ANOVA statistical test were used.

The results indicated that there was a significant difference between mean score of post-test and following of experimental and control groups (P<001).

The results showed that art therapy based on painting therapy is an effective way to reduce anxiety of children with stuttering. Therapists can profit from painting therapy beside other treatment methods to reduce anxiety of these children.

This research seeks to investigate the effectiveness of religion-based cognitive therapy on reducing the psychological symptoms of cancer patients. This research project is quasi experimental design with a pre-test, post- test given to a control group. From among 300 patients supported by Arezoo Charity Center in Pars Abad Moqan, 30 patients (15 females and 15 males) were chosen and divided into two groups: experimental group and control group, and convenience sampling was used in this study which was based on SCL-25 Symptom Checklist. The experimental group attended 8 two-hour sessions on religion-based cognitive therapy, whereas the control group received no treatment. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for making a comparison between the means. The results show that religion-based cognitive therapy reduces all the aspects in SCL-25 scale except schizophrenia, somatization and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, religion-based cognitive therapy can be used as a supplementary treatment alongside the medical treatments to cure the psychological problems of cancer.

Considering the importance of spiritual interventions in the treatment of mental problems, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on religious beliefs on death anxiety, social adjustment and mental well-being in cancer patients. This research was a semi-experimental study with pre/post test and a control group design. 30 cancer pat-ients were selected through convenient sampling method as the sample group in Arezo Charity Institution in Parsabade Mogan city (N=300). The instruments used in this research were Mental Well-being and Social Adjustment and Death Anxiety Scales. The participants in the experimental group were under cognitive therapy based on religious beliefs for 8 sessions each lasting 2 hours. For statistical examination, the analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean score of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control groups.The cog-nitive therapy based on religious beliefs decreased death anxiety scores and also increased the scores of social adjustment and mental well-being in the experimental group rather than the control group. Discussion & Due to the efficacy of cognitive therapy based on religious believes in cancer patients, we can benefit this method as a complementary therapy beside medical treatments and ther-efore use it to improve the mentioned psychological problems in these patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting changes in alexithymia of addicts in Ardabil from their spiritual intelligence. The research design is applied as far as the goal is concerned and correlational in terms of data collection. The study population consists of all males with drug abuse which in December 2011 referred to treatment center in Ardabil city، from among whom، using a cluster sampling procedure a sample of 100 men (80 opium dependents and 20 heroin dependents) were selected to participate in the study. All participants responded to the Toronto alexithymia Scale and King’s Spiritual intelligence Self Report Inventory. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics، Pearson’s correlation coefficients، and simultaneous and step by step multiple regression analyses. Correlational analyses revealed that spiritual intelligence with three of its components (personal meaning production، transcendental awareness، conscious state expansion) was associated negatively (P<0. 05) with alexithymia. As regards inferential statistics، simultaneous regression analysis indicated that spiritual intelligence predicted 18% of the scores in alexithymia (P<0. 001). Step by step regression analysis revealed that of the four components of spiritual intelligence only two (conscious state expansion and personal meaning production) were able to predict alexithymia (P<0. 001). The findings of this study indicate that through the development of abilities of spiritual intelligence، emotion regulation can be partly facilitated and used as a defense against drug addiction. Furthermore، through the nurturance of such characteristics، addicted individuals can be helped to gain relief from their addiction.

The present research was conducted to compare the self-perception and sleep problems among the students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability (LD) and normal students. The participants of this comparative study were students of 5thgrade of normal schools in 2013 in Parsabad city. Sixty students (20 ADHD, 20LD & 20 normal) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected through Conners’squestionnaire, CSHQ, CLDQ and SPPC and analyzed through the multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests. Results showed that students with LD have significant difficulty in scholastic competence, social acceptance, behavioral conduct, physical appearance and global self-worth in comparison with normal students. ADHD students have significant difficulty in social acceptance and behavioral conduct in comparison with normal students. ADHD group out performed the normal students in terms of athletic competence. ADHD and LD students obtained higher scores in sleep problems in comparison with normal group. Findings under score the importance of effective management and training of self-perception and sleep for LD and ADHD students.

The aim of the current research was to compare parenting styles and eating disorders in normal and bright students. The study design was a Ex post facto research. The population of current study included Ardebil guidance school students in 2012-2013 academic year. The study sample included 104 normal students which were selected by multilevel cluster sampling, and 104 bright students who matched with normal group. The materials used in the study were Baumrind parenting style and Coker and Roger eating habits questionnaires. The gathered data were analyzed by the use of SPSS software. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that in eating habit subscales between the two group there isn’t any significant difference. And in parenting style subscales, there is significant difference between groups in fathers and mothers authoritarian parenting style (p<0/05), but not at other styles.

Personality can be defined as relatively fixed models of explicit behavioral responses in regular life. Three clusters of personality disorder have been introduced based on common and explicit features. The features of type-B cluster disorders are regarded as dramatic, emotional or irregular behaviors. The research purpose is to predict cluster-B personality models based on sensation-seeking and brain-behavioral systems. Therefore, in a descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 350 university students was selected through convenience sampling and tested by personality disorders, sensation seeking and behavioral activation. Results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that, sensation-seeking was a significant and positive predictor of narcissistic personality. Results also indicated that behavioral activation system can predict all the personality models of cluster-B. Moreover, it seems that sensation-seeking and brain-behavioral systems arecorrelated to personality models and can predict the personality models of cluster B.

many of Iran- Iraq war veterans، stricken to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and therefore، they and their wives have several problems. The aim of this study was the comparison of social support and religiosity in PTSD patients، their wives and control group. This research was a causal-comparative study. For surveying the study variables، 25 PTSD patients، 25 PTSD patient’s wives and 25 normal subject were selected by convenience sampling method. The Duke’s social support questioner and the religiosity scale of Atkins and Havdon were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by the use of descriptive components and one way ANOVA method. the results showed that the amount of social support in PTSD patients and their wives was lower than control group، but between PTSD patients and their wives didn’t seen any significant differences. The amount of religiosity in PTSD patients and their wives was higher than control group. Also in this case didn’t seen significant different between PTSD patients and their wives. In social support and religiosity components there is similarity between PTSD patients and their wives، but there is deference between these two groups with control group.

The purpose of the present study was to compare learning disorder children with normal children's response in Stroop test. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, diagnosis interview and Colorado learning problem test 65 fifth grade students (15 persons with reading disability, 15 persons with writing disability, 15 persons with mathematical disability and 20 normal persons) were chosen as the subjects. Then Stroop test were used and subject's reaction time and the number of errors were recorded. The research data were analyzed with Pierson correlation and MANOVA. The results showed that the subject's learning problem had significant positive correlation with number of errors and response time And groups (normal, mathematical disability, reading disability and writing disability) performance difference in cards number of 1, 3 and 4, errors in cards of 3 and 4, total response time and total errors number is significant. Results of this research showed the probability potential of Stroop test in diagnosing children with learning disorder. And also can help therapists in determining the interference type and rate.

The purpose of the present study was to compare of the rate of alexithymia and spiritual intelligence in addicts، addicts under Methadone Treatment، and non-Addicts. A causal-comparative research design was used. The study sample included 30 individuals under Methadone Treatment، 30 drug-dependent Addicted، and 30 non-addicted individuals selected by convenience sampling procedure. Toronto alexithymia scale and King''s spiritual intelligence self-report inventory were administered among selected sample. Findings revealed significant differences among addicted individuals and non-addicted adults also among individuals under methadone treatment and non-addicted adults in total alexithymia scores as well as on all three subscale scores. Furthermore، addicted individuals differed from those under methadone treatment in their scores on the subscale pertaining to difficulty in identifying feelings. Results also indicated differences among addicted individuals and those under methadone treatment in total spiritual intelligence and its four component scale scores، while addicted individuals differed from non-addicted individuals in total spiritual intelligence scores and only three of its component scale scores (personal meaning production، transcendental awareness، and conscious state expansion). Findings of this study indicate the advantages of the ability to control، emotional regulation and spiritual intelligence as a defense against addiction. By development of these characteristics addicts can be helped to gain relief from their addiction.

Forgiveness is an internal desire that helps individuals to refrain from showing unpleasant communication responses، and helps them to behave positively toward the person that treated them negatively. The purpose of the present study was to examine personality factors and forgiveness components (lasting resentment، sensitivity to circumstances، willingness to forgive) among university students. Therefore، 430 university students (N=430; female=229 & male=201) were selected from among undergraduate students of Tabriz University through proportion-stratified random sampling method. Then the sample was administered the Big Five Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Mullet Forgiveness Questionnaire (FQ). The analysis of regression indicated that personality factors accounted for 0. 25% of variance of lasting resentment، 0. 21% of sensitivity to circumstances، and 0. 06% of variance of willingness to forgive. Agreeableness is a negative predictor of lasting resentment while neuroticism is a positive predictor of it. Agreeableness، Extraversion، Neuroticism، and Conscientiousness are positive predictors of sensitivity to circumstances. Neuroticism is a negative predictor of willingness to forgive but Agreeableness is positive predictor of it.

Alexithymia is a personality trait in individuals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prediction of the alexithymia changes based on the personality components. In a descriptive-correlation study, 200 individuals among the students of Tabriz University were randomly selected. Twenty-item Toronto questionnaire (TAS-20) and the five-factor model (NEO-FFI) questionnaire were used for data collection. The personality factors predicted 29% of the alexithymia variance. In addition, stepwise regression was used to reveal the differential role of each personality factors in alexithymia prediction. Accordingly, the roles of extraversion, conscience, openness, and neuroticism were 18%, 7%, 2% and 2%, respectively. The result of this study showed that the score of alexithymia can be predicted using the personality factors

Different daily emotions have different effects on people and each of these emotions play a facilitating or inhibitory role in cognitive and behavioral performances. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of induced mood on male and female students’ behavioral and cognitive performance.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in 2010 in Tabriz. 36 students were selected among the students of Tabriz University by available sampling method. Subjects were divided into three 12-subject groups of positive mood induction, negative mood induction and control. After applying the 3 levels of mood induction, measurement of dependent variables (behavioral and cognitive performance) was done by chronoscope and a researcher-made test (numbers countdown). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using ANOVA method and Tukey’s post-hoc test.

Gender didn’t have a significant effect on behavioral and cognitive performance (p>0.05), but the effect of mood was significant on behavioral and cognitive performance (p<0.05). The interactional effect of gender and mood on behavioral and cognitive performance was not significant (p>0.05).

Induced mood can affect the individual’s performance. Negative mood induction has destructive effects on individuals’ behavioral and cognitive performance and positive mood induction has positive effects. This issue shows the priority of emotion to cognition in struggle of cognition and emotion.

The aim of current study was the prediction of moral development and altruism on the base of personality factors among students of Mohagege Ardebili University. In this study, 208 students (120 female, 88 male) were chosen through stratified random sampling were from Mohagege Ardebili University. For gathering information, the NEO personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the ''ma'' moral developments Questionnaire were used. The gathered data was analyzed through multiple regression. The results of regression showed that from five factor on personality, the neuroticism (negatively) and openness (positively) have significant role in prediction of moral development. Also the result showed that only the conscientiousness factor can predict the altruism, significantly.