المیرا کریمی

Considering the importance of theory building in scientific progress and development, the Iranian policy-makers have focused on this issue in policy-documents related to science, technology, and innovation. But it seems that in spite of the importance of this phenomenon in Iran, theory building has not been able to make significant progress. The purpose of this study is to examine the extra-organizational barriers to the growth of theory building capacity in Iran.

Through a qualitative approach and Miles and Huberman method for analyzing qualitative data, 12 experts at Tarbiat Modarres University have been interviewed, and gathered data were analyzed and coded by MAXQDA software. Thus, extracted codes categorized in major themes to address research questions.

According to the findings, the barriers to the theory building can be categorized into organizational and meta-organizational groups. Since the focus of this study is on extra-organizational barriers, these barriers can be found in seven general categories, namely, the weak link between science and society, country's economic challenges, ineffective management of higher education, inefficient higher education, the difficulty of theory building, inappropriate educational policy, and inappropriate research policy.

Originality: 

Theory building is one of the key phenomena of higher education, which should not be neglected in the scientific progress; the first step towards realizing this phenomenon is identifying obstacles and challenges in this regards. The present study is conducted through a qualitative approach which provides an overview of the barriers of the theory building and allows policy-makers to think differently about the matter.

Even though many efforts have been made to promote the relationship between industry and university in Iran, a proper systematic relationship between them has not yet been established. This paper seeks to study and examine the status of policy instruments effective in promoting the relationship between industry and university in Iran. To do so the provisions of five laws and regulations were examined and 41 legal articles were reviewed. The results of the analysis show that about 86% of the laws and regulations are only indirectly related or just have a capacity to promote the industry-university relations.

Theorizing is one of the key scientific foundations and most scientists and countries are at the same levels of science that are highly advanced. That is why the upstream documents related to science, technology and innovation in Iran have also paid particular attention to this issue. However, it seems that this phenomenon has not yet made significant progress in Iran. The purpose of this study is to explore the main obstacles to the growth of theoretical capacity in the country.

The worldview of this research is defined in the philosophy of interpretiveism with a mixture of the pragmatism. A methodology for answering selected research questions is ethnography with a mixture of the grounded theory. Interviewed with 12 experts from Tarbiat Modares University, interviews data were coded and analyzed in Maxqda.

There are many obstacles that can prevent leading to theorizing. In a general view, these barriers can be categorized into two broad categories of general non-organizational barriers and organizational barriers. Since the focus of this study is on organizational barriers, these barriers can be organized into seven general categories, including the lack of institutional linkages, organizational resource constraints, incorrect evaluation systems, poor academic communications, inadequate university education, students' poor academic quality and the inertia of scholars. .

Theorizing is one of the key scientific phenomena that must be pursued with seriousness in the scientific field of Iran and the first step towards realizing this phenomenon is identifying obstacles that slow it down. The present study is conducted with a qualitative approach, which provides a deep overview of the theoretical barriers and introduces a new categorization that makes decision making and policy making possible in this field.

Conduct studies on the psychological well-being of students are critical in dealing with problems. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between resilience and coping strategies with psychological well-being and determine their predicting power psychological well-being of students the concepts of Urmia. The study was descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school students from school Urmia in 1394-95 that A sample of 170 cluster-sampling methods chosen. Tools for data collection, the scale of Psychological well-being (RPWB), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD- RISC) and coping strategies scale Lazarus & Folkman (WOCQ), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that there is a negative relationship between resilience and psychological well-being and psychological well-being with no relationship between coping strategies were observed (p <0/01). According to the findings, resilience is one of the factors affecting the psychological well-being, and negative relationship between resilience and psychological well-being can be the result of social and cultural factors.

In order to increase in relevant retrieved results and users satisfaction achievement, Information retrieval systems, are seeking a way to change keyword-based search to concept-based search. These systems use the tools that can convert terms to concepts. Over the years, this provided the basis of tools production such as classification schema, vocabularies, subject headings and thesauri. Recently, ontologies use in Complementing of this process. The main problem of this research is that The Great information retrieval systems of the world that claim to use of ontologies and thesauri how use the semantic features of these tools in their information retrieval process. In this paper 7 information retrieval systems due use of these tools, were selected. The semantic features presented in form of research checklist with literature review. These features include 5 general categories concept search, synonyms search, suggestion for search, use of ontologies and display. The researcher examined these features with structured observation in form of checklist. Though these systems use these tools for searching and retrieving, but don`t show the expected features. In studied factors, ERIC database and national library of Australia achieved the maximum scores (32 and 24) and national archive of Australia and Britain museum had minimum scores (12 and 13).

Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the adolescents. Since the level of self-efficacy plays an important role in the prevention and control of obesity, this study aimed to investigate the association between the self-efficacy in weight management and anthropometric indicators in male adolescents.

This study was performed on 535 male students in the 12-16 age range and resident of District 5 in Tehran. A Bioimpedance analyzer was used to measure the weight, BMI, body fat and muscle mass percentage. Moreover, the level of self-efficacy of the subjects was evaluated using Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL).

The results showed that there is no association between the level of self-efficacy and weight and BMI. With regard to the association between body composition and self-efficacy, the results identified a significant positive association between the level of self-efficacy and Skeletal muscle percentage) (P<0.05).

The results of the present study represented that the level of self-efficacy in male adolescents was significantly associated with body composition; and people with higher self-efficacy have muscular body. Doing Further studies about the effect of self-efficacy on Anthropometric Indicators in adolescents are recommended.