امیدعلی حسین زاده

The aim of this study was to model job characteristics and job stress with the mediating role of emotional contagion among female medical staff in Tabriz hospitals during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method of the present study was descriptive-survey and the correlational research design was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all female medical staff of Tabriz hospitals in 2021-2022. Among these staff, 262 women medical staff were purposefully selected by voluntary sampling. The research instruments included job characteristics questionnaire (JCHQ), emotional contagion questionnaire (ECQ) and job stress questionnaire (JSQ). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between job characteristics with emotional contagion (0.414), emotional contagion with job stress (-0.307) and job characteristics with job stress (-0.146) (P <0.01). Also, the mediating role of emotional contagion between the path of job characteristics and job stress (-0.127) was significant (P <0.01). On the other hand, the reliability and validity of the research model also showed that the research model is at a desirable level. Given the results, the government should consider increasing investment in the health care system to reduce job stress in health care workers who face higher workloads.

The aim of this research is to Presenting the structural equation model of smart school in order to improve online education. The objective of the study is to address both application use cases and their challenges considering quantitative and qualitative factors. In the qualitative part, the "grounded theory" method and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used.The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a structured interview. The participants were selected purposefully from among experts in the field of educational management and information technology. After 16 interviews, it was stopped .The statistical population in the quantitative part was teachers of secondary schools, Using Cochran's formula, 318 people were selected randomly using stratified sampling. In the qualitative part, the interview data were analyzed in three stages of open, central, and selective coding, and 544 primary codes and 38 secondary codes were identified, finally, the model of the smart school was designed to promote online education. According to the obtained results, the causal conditions include (economic, cultural, social-family, physical, technological, psychological, political, legal and managerial), context (cultural, managerial, legal, social), intervention (management, social, economic, technological, psychological), strategies (economic, cultural, legal, technological, human and educational strategies) and consequences (social, economic, ethical consequences, physical and time problems). According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed models confirm all the factors identified in the paradigmatic model. Also, structural equation modeling showed that the designed model has a goodness of fit. Keywords: Smart school, online education, structural equations, model.

Educational policy is a type of public policy that can be done both at the school level and at the middle and macro levels of the educational system. However, schools are mainly implementers of educational policies. The current research has examined the infrastructures for the implementation of educational policies in schools. This study was based on a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method, by studying the attitudes and perceptions of experts, middle and operational managers. Based on the inclusion criteria, the perception of 14 people has been investigated using a semi-structured interview. The sampling method was purposeful snowball type. In order to verify the trustworthiness and accuracy of the research information, the reliability criterion was used with the review method by 10 participants and the review of 2 non-participating experts in the research. Data analysis was done by thematic analysis method of Esterberg. From data analysis, 142 codes, 5 themes and 36 sub-themes were obtained. Based on the themes extracted from the research, the infrastructures for implementing educational policies in schools are school administration, students and parents, resources and infrastructure, school planning, school interaction with local institutions. Schools are not only implementers of educational policies, but for the implementation of educational policies, they need appropriate infrastructure inside and outside the school.

The current research aims to build and validate measurement tools for model design Enterprise Architecture A university was conducted. The research method is mixed. In the qualitative part, using targeted sampling and open coding method, out of 87 scientific articles and valid documents available in the field of organizational architecture, 35 cases were examined in direct connection with the university and compiled as a questionnaire, then for survey (Delphi method). Regarding the components obtained through snowball sampling, 15 management experts (with three years of management experience) were provided. After modification, the final form was designed with 3 core categories with 93 sub-components (sub-components related to business architecture with 70 items, information systems architecture with 15 items and technology architecture with 11 items). To determine the validity of the questionnaire, content validity, divergent validity and construct validity were used, and Cronbach's alpha (0.913) was used to determine its reliability. The factor loadings of business architecture, information systems architecture, and technology architecture are respectively equal to 0.869, 0.989, and 0.853. For statistical analysis of structural equation modeling, SPSS 26, Smart software PLS 3.2 was used, the results showed that each of the factors has a suitable factor load to predict the main dimensions of the questionnaire, and as a result, the designed tool has high reliability and validity.

Despite the diverse research in the field of teaching quality and the study of factors associated with it, there is still evidence of educational inadequacies caused by Human resources associated with it. In order to manage the performance and increase the efficiency of teachers in teaching quality, the design of a progressive research has been tried to examine the Features and effective skills in teaching from the perspective of the faculty members. With a randomized survey, 242 Faculty members in two universities using questionnaires, factors related to the quality of teaching were studied, the results of path analysis with the help of structural equation modeling showed that faculty members evaluated their own Features and skills. On the basis of their assessment, we found that the demography Features (0,14), personality traits (0,18), occupational (0,17) professional skills (0,13), teaching (0,22), and communication (0,16), and in total, these attributes and skills explained 50% of the variance in teaching quality, which the Teaching skills with path coefficient (0,22) as the most important factor predicting the university professors’ quality of teaching was identified. The Features of the faculty members in the educational process based on the results the critical conclusion, their level and importance in providing quality Teaching was discussed.

One of the missions of the Holy Quran is to train the mind in human beings. What is very important in this regard in the Qur'an is, on the one hand, the use of correct thinking and, on the other hand, the guidance of mankind by this inner force. Thought training is a process that teaches a person how to think and use it to achieve the desired result; Leads. In an overview of the appearance of the Qur'an, God has spoken more than 471 times the derivatives of thinking such as insight, opinion, reminder, reasoning, contemplation and 18 times with the word thinking. The present research is based on inferential research method, which is an argument-based method based on the array of theorems, in the form of first and last theorems. In the process of thinking, the Qur'an uses the existing contexts and, by strengthening this power, guides man from the senses to the senses and provides the ground for his perfect movement. By thinking through the method of proof, man certainly receives a single truth and realizes that the whole system of existence needs causes. In this view, every being, by virtue of the appearance and manifestation of truth, becomes a real and related thing to truth. As by the essence of truth, which is absolute bounty, the grace of existence is manifested, and every creature that has enthusiasm maintains its perfections and moves to study for higher perfections.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between multiple intelligences and social skills with self-efficacy among school administrators and deputies of Shabestar city. The present study Was a descriptive-correlative research in terms of data collection method andan applied research type in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted Consisted of 75 directors…. the directors and deputies of Shabestar schools. Out of this population 63 women  were population by stratified random sampling method. Measuring tools consisted of Gardner multiple intelligences, social skills of Matson et al. (1983) and Schwarzer and Jerousselm self-efficacy questionnaires. In order to analyze the hypotheses, inferential statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used simultaneously using SPSS.23 software. The results showed that among the components of multiple intelligences, three components of verbal intelligence (r = 0.69), music intelligence (r = 0.67) and interpersonal intelligence (r = 0.56) are related to the self-efficacy of school administrators and school assistants in Shabestar (p>0.01). According to regression results, 76.4% of self-efficacy variance is explained by multiple intelligences and social skills. Therefore, since self-efficacy of managers and deputies has a significant relationship with their multiple intelligences and their social skills. It is suggested that organizations try to improve managers' self-efficacy through the organization of accessible goals, replacing unsuccessful experiences with successful ones and enhancing  their self-efficacy

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which studies were done on job satisfaction of university staff. The method of research is meta-analysis and the statistical population includes studies conducted in the period from 2011 to 2016 internally and from 2010 to 2016 abroad as a full text article in internal databases (Noormags, Magiran and SID), and foreign (Pub-Med) were available. In order to collect information, a checklist of the characteristics of research projects was used. After analyzing the criteria for entering and leaving and also analyzing the sensitivity of 20, the effect size of the study with meta-analysis conditions was obtained. In order to analyze the data, sensitivity analysis, Funnel analysis, fixed and random models and heterogeneity analysis using CMA software were used. Data analysis of the research showed that the job satisfaction of the university staff varies from year to year. So, after removing the six size effects of the effect, the amount of combined effect size for the random effects model (the model selected for this meta-analysis) was 0.67, which was statistically significant. Also, job satisfaction of employees varies according to sampling methods, but there is no difference in gender. Regarding the results of meta-analysis, it can be said that job satisfaction of university staff is very important and attention can be made by the authorities in this regard.

The aim of this study is a comparative study of students' academic achievement, happiness and academic self-efficacy in Harris County schools. The design of the present study is comparative post-event and causal. The statistical population of the present study includes all first grade students of Harris Earthquake High School, of which 234 were randomly selected (99 in the first group and 135 in the second group). The Oxford Happiness and Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Jink and Morgan was used to collect data. Independent group t-test was used to analyze the data. Findings show that between the group participating in the child-friendly atmosphere project and students who did not participate in the project in terms of academic achievement (t = 6.36; p <0.01), happiness (11.31) t; p <0.01) and also academic self-efficacy (t = 7.00; p <0.01) there is a significant difference.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating therelationship between Spiritual Leadership and intellectual capital withprofessional ethics of school administrators in Azar Shahr. The presentstudy is a descriptive-correlative study and based on the purpose, is anapplied. The statistical population of the study was 273 administratorsand deputies of schools in Azar shahr region, of which 167 were maleand 106 were female. A sample of 160 students was selected using theMorgan table, of which 98 men and 62 women were selected by stratifiedrandom sampling. Data collection tools consisted of Spiritual LeadershipQuestionnaire (Frye et al., 2005), Intellectual Capital Inventory (Bontis,1998) and Professional Ethics Questionnaire (Ghasmzadeh et al., 2014).To analyze the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and multipleregressions were used simultaneously. The results showed that, there is arelationship between spiritual leadership and professional ethics of schooladministrators in Azar Shahr (p<0.05). Also, there is a relationshipbetween intellectual capital and professional ethics of schooladministrators (p<0.05). The spiritual leadership regression coefficient(β=0.265) and intellectual capital (β=0.805) were significant onprofessional ethics according to the significance of t-test and it showedthat spiritual leadership and intellectual capital can predict professionalethics significantly.

The paper presented aims at studying the relationship between internet addiction and introversion among ninth grade female students of Tabriz, district 3.
The study is correlational and descriptive. The statistical population consisted of ninth grade female students which were studying in the academic year 2015-16 who were enrolled in public high schools in Tabriz district 3. The population size was equal to 2566 female students and the sample size was equal to 349 participants who were selected. The sampling method was based on multistage cluster random sampling; the data collection method was based on work field and utilized Eysenck personality questionnaire (introversion, extroversion) and 20-question internet addiction test by Young (IAT). Data analyzed by SPSS software and according to correlation and regression method.
The findings revealed that the relationship between internet addiction and introversion was significant at 30 percent level of certainty (P The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between internet addiction and introversion among students.

This study has been conducted to identify the professional components of teaching of social sciences in high school level in Tasuj, Shabestar and Sufi an. The statistical population of this research includes 45 teachers of social science in first and second grades in Tasuj, Shabestar and sufian. Due to the limitation of statistical population (about 40 people) 40 teachers of social science in the first and second grades have been selected as a sample. The sampling method of this research is random. The tools used in the research are questionnaires that made by researchers that their validity was verified by professional social and educational scientists and their reliability was proved by Cronbach alpha about 84%. The way of statistical analysis is the CFA. The result of research show that, the components of combination, value of orientation, involvement, meaningfulness and challengeable are respectively important and basic components in social science teaching. The results of the research can be used by teachers in social science teaching in high school level.

Anatomy is the basis of medical education and is conducted by the dissection of the cadaver. The cadaver is a book which can provide great educational grounds for medical and paramedical students. However, cadaver shortage is one of the most important problems of medical schools in Iran; a subject that, despite high levels of theoretical training of the anatomy, has created problems for the practical training of this science.
In this study, scientific references, articles, and reports have been analyzed to determine the role of cadaver donation and its obstacles and the effect of bequeathment in the elimination of these obstacles.
Findings have shown that experiences gained through dissecting cadaver are better and more effective than knowledge obtained from books or models. For more effective education, cadavers are constantly required. Cadaver shortage has been the topic of discussions and complaints of anatomy professors and medical students for consecutive years. Providing cadavers or dissection is a complicated subject which requires cultural training. The provision of unidentified cadavers by morgues can result in both remuneration for the deceased and steps towards the acquiring of knowledge.
The field of anatomy can only survive through cadaver donation. Cadaver donation is an actual and effective way to support medical development and facilitate life of future generations. Legal, religious, and cultural obstacles impede cadaver bequest. The elimination of these obstacles is possible through the establishment of cadaver donation institutes, cultural promotion, and creation of motive and awareness in the society.

The main purpose of this research was to present and verify an effective teaching method for faculty members at Tabriz University. This research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research contains two parts. The first part includes Tabriz university factory members (N=541) and the second part includes educational sciences specialists from different universities of Tabriz (N=32) (Tabriz university, Islamic Azad university and Payame Noor university). Krejcie and Morgan table was used to choose 225 sample for the first part through random classification sampling method. In this research, a (researcher made) questionnaire with 36 items and 5 choices in Likert Scale was used. The validity of the questionnaire was investigated on the basis of credible scientific resources by 3 experts; its reliability was examined through a pilot study among 30 people, using Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha which was found to be 0.93. Then, the questionnaires were distributed among the participants. The data was investigated using SPSS19 and LISREL softwares`. A T-Test was used to identify the components of effective teaching model, factor analysis was used for the proposed model, and finally descriptive statistics was used to test the validity of the model. The findings show that the proposed effective teaching model contains four effective parameters of professional teaching skills: ability to communicate with students, mastery of materials and contents, and evaluation that compose %77 of the total variance of effective teaching. From specialists` point of view, the credibility of the proposed effective teaching model is 83.6. out of 100.

Infrastructure of increased productivity in universities requires emphasis on improving the quality of its faculty members and don’t updating of peoples in their profession, according to the quality of the course of advanced teaching methods. The present paper was performed aiming at content analysis of in service training curriculum in faculties of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, and comparing it with the approved topics.

In the descriptive survey research, faculty members and specialists of educational sciences group were studied. Sample size was calculated as 86 subjects by Morgan table and they were chosen by systematic random sampling. Data collection was done by author's questionnaire for which the stability was verified by Cronbach alpha of 0.839. One sample t test was used to analyze the data.

Correspondence of in service training of advanced teaching method was desirable according to approved topics of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical branch. According to participants’ view, each component of curriculum, including objectives, method, contents, and evaluation was significant and suitable. Also, the compliance of the elements of objectives, contents, method and evaluation in the curriculum of advanced teaching method were suitable and significant.

In order to increase quality and empowerment of faculty members, the content of courses in service training should be continually adapted by planners with the approved topics.

This research was conducted to present a model for promotion oforganizational spirituality in district 13 of Islamic Azad University (IAU). The aims of this research are to identify the important factors of organizational spirituality, to propose a model of organizational spirituality and to determine the degree of relevance.The research method is descriptive and random selection classification method was used for sampling. Morgan Table was used to determine the number of selected sample, which were 351 individuals. A researcher–made questionnaire was prepared, the validity of which was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s Alfa (0.98). Using SPSS, the collected data analysed by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test, CroiteBartlet Test, factor- analysis, independent T-test, Varimax Turning Technique,Fredman Test. Seven factors of (1-better self-awareness 2-sense of meaning in work 3-affinity with organizational values 4-superego leadership 5-sense of solidarity 6-excellent awareness 7-ciritical existence thinking) which explained organizational spirituality selected as the main factors and these factors represent 98 percent of the whole variance. A model of organizational spirituality which consisted of five components of philosophy and objectives, theoretical base, conceptual framework, structure and executive plan, evaluation and feedback system was proposed. The proposed model has the evaluation score of 85 out of 100 which shows the validity of "very much" in a Likert scale.

The purpose of this study is to examine the female employees' attitude towards the organizational citizenship behavior in Islamic Azad University of 13th region in 1391. Statistical society of this study includes all female employees of major and very big centers of 13th region (200 employees). The sample size of the study is 132 women who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire with 0.94 reliability and conformed validity was used to collect the data. One sample T test, independent T test, Freedman test and SPSS were used to analyze the data. From the descriptive statistics point of view eight components of organizational citizenship behavior in the current situation are higher than the average and one sample T test showed that all components of organizational citizenship behavior in the current situation are not desirable. The results show that in current situation, the components of organizational citizenship behavior are important in five levels of which dutifulness is the first component and sportsmanship is the last component. Also, there is a meaningful difference between faculty members' point of view and female employees' point of view towards the organizational citizenship behavior.