فهرست مطالب امیر سام کیانی مقدم

Islamic life skills appear in all aspects of people's life. These skills lead to personal and spiritual transformation. According to the mentioned structure of Islamic life skills, it is essential to create a precise instrument to measure it. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire.

The present study is descriptive. The statistical population of the study was 150 students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, who were selected based on their availability and answered Parsian and Donning's Spirituality Questionnaire, Zare's and Aminpour's Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, and Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire were determined using Pearson’s correlation statistical analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis and factor analysis. In this research, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not report any conflict of interest.

Based on the results obtained, a positive and significant relationship was found between the variables of spirituality, religious belief, and Islamic life skills. Cronbach's alpha for the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire was 0.92. The four factors obtained from this questionnaire include: paying attention to God's commands in life, paying attention to the rights of others, paying attention to personal capabilities and paying attention to oneself.

The findings showed that the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire is valid and reliable; Future researchers can use this questionnaire to expand Islamic science.

Spirituality plays a role in various dimensions of human psychological life. One of these dimensions is emotional cognitive regulation, which studies have shown to be predicted by spirituality. COVID-19 healthcare professionals use both emotional self-regulation and spirituality as coping strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual dimensions of spirituality and emotional cognitive regulation among employees in the COVID-19 prevention and control sector.

This study is a descriptive correlational. The sample population consisted of active employees in the COVID-19 prevention and control sector of health centers. 119 health center employees who had been exposed to COVID-19 for at least six months participated in this study and responded to the Garnefski and Kraaij’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Parsian and Dunning’s Spirituality Questionnaire. All ethical considerations were observed in this research, and the authors did not report any conflicts of interest.

The results showed a significant positive relationship between spiritual meaning and positive refocusing (r=0.24), positive reappraisal (r=0.41), positive refocusing (r=0.41), and perspective taking (r=0.27). Spiritual activity had a significant positive relationship with positive refocusing (r=0.35), positive reappraisal (r=0.39), positive refocusing (r=0.31), and perspective taking (r=0.32), and a negative and significant relationship with catastrophizing (r=-0.22). Additionally, self-awareness had a significant positive relationship with positive refocusing (r=0.38), positive reappraisal (r=0.43), positive refocusing (r=0.34), and perspective taking (r=0.26), and a negative and significant relationship with catastrophizing (r=-0.29), other-blame (r=-0.23), and rumination (r=-0.25). Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between the importance of spirituality and positive refocusing (r=0.23), positive reappraisal (r=0.28), positive refocusing (r=0.30), and perspective taking (r=0.23).

There was a significant relationship between various dimensions of spirituality and emotional cognitive regulation among employees in the COVID-19 prevention and control sector, with the highest correlation belonging to the dimensions of spiritual self-awareness and positive refocusing on cognitive-emotional regulation.

Abortion is one of the most traumatic events in a woman's life. The resulting trauma leads to the fear of repeat abortion, despair, inability, reduced self-confidence, isolation, mental health problems, and reduced quality of life (QoL). The present study aims to determine the effect of supportive counseling on the QoL of pregnant women with a history of abortion.

This is randomized controlled trial study. Participants were 72 pregnant women with a history of abortion referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran to receive prenatal care. The data collection instruments were a demographic form and the 36-item short form health survey. The intervention group received counseling based on Swanson’s caring theory at three sessions (two face-to-face counseling sessions and one telephone counseling session), while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected  in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up), and analyzed using chi-square test, paired t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance, t-test, and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25.

Both groups were similar in demographic characteristics and QoL before the intervention (P>0.05). Four and 8 weeks after the intervention, the mean score of QoL was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Eight weeks after the intervention, the QoL score was higher than in the control group in dimensions of physical functioning (P=0.009), social functioning (P=0.039), role-emotional (P=0.004), and bodily pain (P=0.004).

Supportive counseling based on Swanson’s caring theory, as a midwife-centered intervention, can improve the QoL pregnant women with a history of abortion. This approach can be used in providing care to the pregnant women with a history of abortion.

Objectives:

 Despite the importance of obsessive distrust as a common type of relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD), there is no suitable scale to measure this structure in the Iranian population. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the obsessive distrust inventory (ODIS) for Iranian college students

Methods:

 In this descriptive psychometrics study, 365 married students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022 participated. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. The internal consistency of the Persian ODIS was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptom inventory (PROCSI), and obsessional compulsive inventory – revised (OCI-R) were used to evaluate convergent validity.

Results:

 The CFA results confirmed the single-factor structure of the Persian ODIS. The convergent validity assessment showed the significant positive correlation of the Persian ODIS with the scores of DASS-21, PROCSI, and OCI-R (P<0.01). The Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was obtained as 0.94

Conclusion:

 The Persian ODIS has acceptable validity and reliability for the Iranian population. It can be used in clinical and research fields to screen, diagnose, and monitor obsessive distrust in ROCD.

With the increase in the spread of COVID-19, mental health consequences such as fear, anxiety, and depression have become prevalent. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of fear of COVID-19 and quarantine fatigue on depression in congenital heart disease patients during the pandemic.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 105 patients with congenital heart disease (6 men and 99 women) who were referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospitals and Tehran Heart Center during 2021-22. Data were collected using a depression scale, a fear scale for COVID-19, and a quarantine fatigue questionnaire.

The results showed that 28.6% of patients with congenital heart disease experienced mild depression, while 7.6% had severe depression. Quarantine fatigue was found to be mild in 43.8% of patients. Additionally, fear of COVID-19 (r=0.195, P=0.001) and quarantine fatigue (r=0.617, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with depression in congenital heart patients.

Fear of COVID-19 is related to depression caused by coronavirus and quarantine fatigue in patients with congenital heart disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare sexual function, body image concern, and sexual self-esteem in women after natural delivery with episiotomy and cesarean delivery. 

This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all women referring to medical centers affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021, of whom 200 participants (100 women with natural delivery and 100 women with cesarean delivery) were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The female Sexual Function Index, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Sexual Self-Esteem Index were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed via independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed a significant difference between sexual function and sexual self-esteem in women with a natural delivery and cesarean delivery (P=0.05). In addition, although both groups experienced body image concerns, no significant difference was found between the scores in the two groups (P=0.05). 

The evidence indicates that although women with natural delivery experience better sexual function than women with cesarean delivery, they may suffer from lower sexual self-esteem and appearance dissatisfaction compared to the other group.

 Today, psychological warfare has become a widely used tool to change the culture, beliefs and values of a nation and society, and any neglect of it will cause irreparable damage to the bodies of nations. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of psychological warfare on the anxiety and frustration of Tehran society. The current research is descriptive and analytical and the data were analyzed using multivariate regression. The statistical population of the research was among the ordinary people of Tehran. In this way, 1000 subjects were selected from 5 regions of Tehran and the questionnaires were given to them. The research tools were Beck's anxiety questionnaire (BAI) and Gilbert's feeling of failure scale, which has two dimensions of internal and external failure, and to investigate the effect of psychological warfare, the researcher made a media warfare questionnaire that has two dimensions of rumor mongering and reality distortion. is usedThe results of the research showed that the rumination dimension is a good predictor for the variables of anxiety, internal and external failure and has a significant positive relationship with them, while the dimension of reality distortion has no significant relationship with the variables of anxiety and failure. It has no internal or external and is not a good predictor in relation to these issues.

Based on the obtained results, war mentality can have an effect on anxiety and every dimension of failure of ordinary people, and the existence of this is a sign of more attention of policy makers in this field.

Family's socio-economic status may significantly influence parenting style. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles of 7 to 12-year-old children, parenting styles, and the socio-economic status of parents.

This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population included 7 to 12 children who studied in elementary schools of Tehran in 2021. A sample of 95 individuals were selected by random sampling method and evaluated by questionares regarding Socio-Economic status (SE) (Ghodratnama, 2013), Parenting Style (PS) (Baumrind, 1973), Kinship Center Attachment (KCA) (Halpern and Kappenberg, 2006). The information obtained from the samples was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered 5%.

There was a a significant correlation between the attachment styles of the children and parenting styles and the socio-economic status of parents (r= -.284, p<0.01). In parenting styles there was a significant relationship between authoritive parenting style and positive adjustment (r= -.258, p<0.05), emotional reactivity (r= .218, p<0.05), negative behaviour (r= .394, p<0.01) and distancing from caregiver support (r= .407, p<0.01). There was also a significant relationship between authoritarian and positive adjustment (r= .315, p<0.01), negative behaviour (r= -.311, p<0.01), distancing from caregiver support (r= -.379, p<0.01). A significant relationship was observed between permissive and negative behavior (r= .232, p<0.05).

Both authoritative and permissive parenting styles seem to be dysfunctional. They cause different behavioural and emotional issues in children due to their attachment styles.

In addition to the physical problems, Covid - 19 has led to several psychological crises for people worldwide. Among these crises are mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, obsessive - compulsive disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological difficulties could have a significant impact on the spiritual well - being of individuals. The present study investigated the relationship between spiritual well - being and two other variables namely depression and anxiety, in the general population, hospital staff, and health center staff, during the coronavirus pandemic .

Methods :

This is a descriptive cross - sectional study. The statistical population of the study included three groups from the general population, and health center and hospital employees, out of whom a sample of 450 participants was selected using the available samp ling method. Correlation method was used to check the relationship between the variables. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interests was reported by the authors .

Pearson’s correlation test results in the general population revealed a significant positive relationship between depression and anxiety (r=0.497, P<0.01). Also, there was a significant negative relationship between spiritual well - being and depression (r= - 0.456, P<0.01), but no significant relatio nship was found in relation to anxiety (r= - 0.097, P<0.238). Similar results were obtained in health center staff; there was a significant positive relationship between depression and anxiety (r=0.392, P<0.01), a negative and significant relationship betwee n spiritual well - being and depression (r= - 0.519, P<0.01), and no significant relationship between spiritual well - being and anxiety (r= - 0.488, P <0.558). In hospital staff participants, depression was significantly and positively correlated with anxiety (r=0 .592, P<0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between spiritual well - being and depression (r= - 0.225, P<0.002), as well as anxiety (r= - 0.194, P<018) .

The findings highlighted the urgent need for psychological intervent ions as well as educational courses to be conducted for various populations to help increase their spiritual well - being, and reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety that they experience during this stressful conditions caused by the corona pandemic .

Growing evidence demonstrate that mindfulness-based self-help interventions have benefits for physical and psychological health in different populations. Mindfulness-based emotional balance is a new program whose efficacy in form of self-help has not been studied so far. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the program on the emotion dysregulation and self-compassion in a student sample.

this study was a double-blind randomized control trial. Totally 80 students were randomly divided into two groups (40 people in each group) of self-help of mindfulness-based emotional balance and waiting list control. The Mindful Attentional Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) were done before the intervention, after ten weeks, and at two months follow up.

Analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of self-help program on emotion dysregulation and self-compassion in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up (P<0.05), whereas waiting list control group showed no significant change in any of the scales. There was also a significant increase in  mindfulness in the post-test stage (p<0.05). All changes were permanent in two months follow-up.

In summary, the mindfulness-based emotional balance can be an effective, inexpensive, and acceptable self-help program to reduce the emotion dysregulation and self-compassion.

Studies have shown that dental anxiety may be caused by various factors such as child mood, age, maternal emotional maturity, previous dental anxiety and parenting styles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between the parenting styles and pediatric dental anxiety and the predictability of this variable through parenting styles.

The present study was a cross-sectional correlational study. The study population was children aged 7 to 12 years who had referred to the dental clinics of Tehran in 1400. Sampling from one of the clinics was done randomly. A total of 100 questionnaires of modified child dental anxiety scale and parenting style inventory were given to the children and their parents and 95 of them could have been analyzed. The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS22 software and Pearson correlation and regression tests.

The results showed that dental anxiety had a negative and significant relationship with authoritative parenting style (r=-0.286, P<0.01) and a positive and significant relationship with authoritarian parenting style (r=0.342, P<0.01). Authoritarian parenting style can be a predictor of dental anxiety.

Knowing the predictors of dental anxiety can help a pediatric dentist analysing who is most prone to dental anxiety. Based on this approach, a relationship based on trust can be established between the dentist and parents to make the necessary recommendations to parents in the office, reduce dental anxiety and improve oral health conditions in children.
 

Considering the importance of depression is student groups and its effect on their academic achievements, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation group therapy on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life in the students’ Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

The current research design was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and the control group. After clinical evaluations and qualifications, 30 medical students were selected randomly, and then replaced in two groups of experimental and control of 15 subjects. The experimental group received the behavioral activation therapy in 8 sessions; however, the control group received no interventions. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Short Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) were used to collect data. The multivariate analysis of variance was employed to analyze data.

The results indicated that the experimental and control groups were significantly different from each other in terms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life (p<0.001). In other words, the level of depression and anxiety declined significantly in the experimental group compared with pretest and the control group; however, the quality of life increased in the experimental group.

The present study indicated that behavioral activation therapy would be an appropriate treatment for medical students to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety and increase their quality of life.

Mental health and promoting it at the community level are the most important responsibilities the World Health Organization has assigned to all governments. Also, religious orientation (internal and external) is one of the factors influencing behavior and cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of mental health and religious orientation with emotional cognitive strategies among medical trainees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. In this way, outof the 12 hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, five were randomly selected and among all the training classes of the hospital, two classes are randomly selected in each class, two thirds of the students were randomly selected. Questionnaires were distributed among 200 students and 150 questionnaires, which had been filled in appropriately, were received. The tools used in the study included: Quickly measure first-level symptoms of DSM-5, Religious orientation questionnaire and Cognitive EmotionRegulation Questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. In the present study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between mental health and emotional cognitive regulation. There was also a significant relationship between religious orientation and cognitive emotional regulation. A significant relationship was found between mental health and religious orientation. Mental health and internal religious orientation were also significantly correlated, but there was no significant relationship between mental health and external religious orientation.

The results of this study showed that mental health and religious orientation are important factors in using cognitive emotional strategies.

The importance of spirituality and spiritual growth in humans has attracted increasing attention of psychologists and mental health professionals over the past few decades. Also, motivational factors in cognitive involvement influence the learning process. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of demographic, cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligences in motivation for academic achievement in female students.

This is a causal-comparative descriptive study. The statistical population of the study included all female students aged 12-13 in Tehran. The sample population consisted of 280 girls, who were selected by multistage sampling from public schools. Data were collected using Wechsler Intelligence Test (Fourth Edition), Hermes Motivation for Academic Achievement Questionnaire, Nasserian Spiritual Intelligence, and Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using regression analysis. In this study, all ethical issues have been addressed and the authors of the article reported no conflicts of interest.

The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between motivation for achievement and cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligences (at 99% level of confidence (P<1%)), meaning that with an increase in the independent variables, i.e., cognitive, emotional, spiritual intelligences, the level of motivation for progress also increased.

According to the results, cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligences had a significant effect on students' motivation for academic achievement and with an increase in each of these variables, the level of motivation for achievement also increased in the students.

Aim and Negative and positive emotional states, temptation, and anxiety are among the most important risk factors for addiction. This research aimed to study the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-based emotional management training on anxiety and temptation in patients with drug abuse.
Methods and Materials: This was an experimental research with pretest/posttest method and control group. To select the sample, the available sampling method was used. Among patients with substance abuse in addiction treatment centers in Ahwaz City, Iran, based on clinical interviews, 28 were selected. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Both groups passed the leaving and detoxification steps. The experimental group received 10 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were demographic questionnaire, Craving Believes Questionnaire (CBQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Findings: After the intervention, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups regarding anxiety and temptation (P The current study indicated that dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training would be an appropriate treatment for university students in order to decrease the symptoms of anxiety and temptation in those with drug abuse.

The loneliness is explanatory deficiency in establishment relations and bond emotional that can conflict married couples and also effects on internet dependence as a sedative. Therefore this research done the relations ship between loneliness of internet dependence and marital conflict married couples
The study population consisted of all couples living in 6th district of 16region in Tehran. Using Cochran formula, a sample size of 250 couples was selected. The design of this research was descriptive co relational. To collect data was used from the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), the social and emotional loneliness Scale for adults (SELSA-S), and the Kimberley Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1988). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.
and marital conflict in couples The results of the study showed that there is a relationship between loneliness with internet addiction The results of path analysis show that, the loneliness that predict directly internet dependence and marital conflict. Also the loneliness, present Meaningful prediction of marital conflict to mediation internet addiction.
Due to the result loneliness is one of the significant facts in internet dependence and conflict married that should be pay attention during the treatment off conflict married couples and interne dependence.

Considering the role of family health in society as well as the effect of communication patterns and love-making styles on family health, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spirituality with lovemaking and couple's communicative model.
The present study was a descriptive correlation one which was sectional and conducted in 2016. Accordingly, a sample of totally 500 people (250 women, 250 men) was selected from couples in district 4, region 20 of Tehran, these 250 couples were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected through Couples Communication Model Questionnaire (CPQ) by Christensen and Salavi (1984), Spirituality of Parsian and Doning (2009) and love attitudes of Hendrick and Hendrick (1986). For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.
The results of the data analysis indicated that the couple's love-making variable with the components of the importance of religious beliefs, self-awareness, spiritual needs and spiritual activity had respectively direct correlation at the significant level (0.01). The components of spirituality presented meaningful predictions of lovemaking. Among the communication patterns, the mutually constructive model had a positive and significant relationship with the components of spirituality at the level of 0.01 and the patterns of withdrawal / expectancy, expectant male / aloof female, expectant woman / aloof man and mutual avoidance had negative and significant relationship with spiritual components.
According to the results of the research, it can be said that if the spiritual beliefs, self-awareness, spiritual needs and spiritual activity are higher, hence the love of the couples is higher and the couples are better at building a mutually constructive relationship and reducing unhealthy avoidance behaviors.

Cognitive fusion underlies psychological inflexibility and an attempt to change consequences of undesirable thoughts and other personal events, rather than changing position. The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, among students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The subjects consisted 151 of university students from different disciplines who were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Study tools included Gillanders & et al Cognition Fusion Questionnaire and Nolen-Hoeksema Rumination Questionnaire. Findings showed that reliability of scale with internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) equals to 0.89, indicating high reliability of this scale. Concurrent validity with rumination was equal to 0.55 that illustrates concurrent validity of this scale. The results of this study showed that the 13-item cognitive fusion questionnaire’s validity and reliability is sufficient among students, and can be used in the field of clinical interventions.