امین جایدری

The White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has emerged as one of the most  prevalent, widespread and  lethal pathogens in shrimp. The  virus gains  entry into the shrimps  trough binding   membrane protein VP28,thereby initiatingan  infection. The present study started with  a re-examination of the antimicrobial properties of each peptides by the Peptide Scanner server. This was followed by  an evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics, solubility, allergenicity, and also the toxicity of the antiviral peptides by the ProtParam, Protein-Sol, AllerTOP,and ToxinPred servers respectively. Subsequently, the third structure of peptides  identified in the preceding steps, comprising Ginkbilobin, Circulin-F, Cycloviolin-A, Cycloviolin-D, Circulin-C, Kalata-B8 and Antiviral protein Y3, was predicted by the I-TASSER server. The results of the molecular docking process of each peptide with VP28 protein showed that the mentioned peptides formed 4, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4 and 10 hydrogen bonds with VP28 protein, respectively. In addition, each of them contains 25.50, 41.38, 38.71, 36.67, 33.33, 16.13 and 36.08 percent hydrophobic amino acids, respectively. Ultimately, the Antiviral protein Y3 peptide is the most promising option, followed by Ginkbilobin and Kalata-B8 peptides, due to its length, the presence of hydrophobic amino acids, and the number of hydrogen bonds formed with the VP28 protein. Consequently, following the completion of the molecular dynamics studies, it is recommended that the aforementioned peptides be employed in in -vitro and in vivo investigations aimed at impeding the invasion of WSSV into the shrimp host and subsequently preventing infection.

Salmonellosis is a dangerous disease that can threaten the health of humans and animals. This disease can lead to economic losses annually; therefore, many studies have been conducted to prevent this disease.

The current study aims to design a recombinant chimera protein HBHA-Omp28 as a vaccine against Salmonella typhimurium.

The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Omp28 and HBHA proteins were first extracted from the NCBI database. Then, the recombinant chimera of HBHA-Omp28 was bioinformatically assembled using a rigid linker. Epitope prediction of T and B cells, antigenicity, allergenicity, and physicochemical features assessments of HBHA-Omp28 were done using Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), ABCpred, VaxiJen, AllerTOP and ProtParam online servers, respectively. To assess the secondary and tertiary structures, the Self-Optimized Prediction Method with Alignment (SOPMA) and the Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) server were used, respectively. Molecular docking between recombinant chimera and TLR4/MD2 receptor was assessed by ClusPro server. Finally, after codon optimization of nucleotide sequence of recombinant chimera to express in Escherichia Coli k-12 strain, the cloning of recombinant chimera in pET21-a (+) vector was examined.

The designed recombinant chimera was classified as an antigenic and non-allergenic protein with molecular weight of 34.19 kDa. According to the results of molecular docking study, the HBHA-Omp28 protein was able to bind to TLR4/MD2 receptor using 9 hydrogen bonds. The results of cloning study demonstrated that HBHA-Omp28 successfully cloned into pET21-a (+).

The designed recombinant chimera can be an appropriate vaccine against salmonella bacteria.

Salmonella Typhimurium is a zoonotic gram-negative bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family. One of the newest ways against the pathogen is the use of recombinant vaccines. In this study, a recombinant construct consisting of OmpL antigen from Salmonella Typhimurium and HBHA protein as a molecular adjuvant from Mycobacterium was designed by an in silico method and a peptide linker. For this purpose, sequences of these proteins were extracted from the database and the HBHA-OmpL recombinant construct was designed based on the correct  reading frame. Then, reliable online servers were used to evaluate the immunogenicity score and  physicochemical properties as well as the secondary and tertiary structures of the designed construct. The best refined 3D model was used for the molecular docking process. A codon optimization was done for expression in E. coli, and the possible cloning  of the optimized nucleotide sequence in pET22b(+) expression vector was evaluated. Based on the results obtained in this study, the HBHA-OmpL chimeric construct with a molecular weight of 49.45 kDa had an instability index of 32.75 and an antigenicity index of 0.688, and alpha helices and random coil structures had the largest contribution in its secondary structure. The protein-protein docking results showed that despite being conjugated with OmpL protein, HBHA molecule was able to connect to TLR4/MD2 receptor by 23 hydrogen bonds. Also, cloning results confirmed that nucleotide sequence of the designed vaccine can be successfully inserted in pET22b(+) vector.

 Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by the genus Leptospira. This disease is observed in human, domestic and wild mammals. Abortion is known as the most important side effect of Leptospira in infected sheep. Molecular tests such as PCR is considered for the early detection of disease which cannot trigger production of species-specific antibodies. This study was designed to detect Leptospira spp. as a cause of abortion in sheep using PCR in Lorestan province, Iran.

 In the current study a total of 150 samples of vaginal swabs were randomly collected from a sheep that had an abortion in some areas of Lorestan province, Iran. The collected samples were accurately investigated to trace DNA of Leptosoira spp. using specific primers.

Based on results of Leptosoira spp. lipL32 gene, 2 positive samples (1.3%) were identified. Hence, it was concluded that there is nosignification relation between abortion rate and Leptospirosis in Lorestan province, Iran. It must be mentioned that due to the zoonotic nature of this bacterium, rapid diagnosis of this disease in livestock can extremely decrease outbreak of this disease in humans.

 Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which has become endemic in Iran. Contaminated milk with Brucella bacteria is the main way of transmission of this disease in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brucella spp. and B. abortus in raw milk samples collected from farms belongs to six geographical areas of Lorestan province.

 In the present study, 100 raw milk samples of cows which were less than 4 years, 4 to 6 years and over 6 years old were randomly collected. The isolates were identified by PCR method using specific bcsp31 and IS711 primers for Brucella spp. and B. abortus, respectively.

The results showed that 26 of the samples were infected with Brucella bacteria, of which 19 samples (73%) were B. abortus. Most of the brucellosis infection in cows belonged to cows less than 4 years (31.4%) and 4 to 6 years (31.4%) categories, 11 samples in both groups, so that in cows older than 6 years this rate was 13% (4 samples). The east of the province with 12 samples and the northwest of the province with one sample showed the highest and lowest levels of Brucella infection, respectively. The findings demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the frequency of Brucella contamination in milk in the eastern regions of Lorestan province with other regions (p<0.05). It should be noted that the possibility of transmitting brucellosis to humans through consumption of contaminated raw milk and dairy products in Lorestan province is high.

Brucellosis is an endemic disease with a high prevalence in Iran whose highest frequency is in the western region of the country. Genetic diversity investigation is an important method to determine the epidemiological relationship of Brucella isolates in different geographical areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of human Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) strains using the Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) Typing method in the west of the country.

In this study, 20 strains of isolated B. melitensis were collected from the human serum samples of suspected Brucellosis in the west of the country and were analyzed by MLVA-16 method.

The results showed that 3 genotype numbers 42, 43 and 47 were identified using MLVA-8 method and using MLVA-11 method genotypes 125, 138 and 111 were recognized. Also, 16 different genotypes were detected from the analysis of the isolates by MLVA-16 method which shows a high degree of polymorphism among the isolates due to the high genetic diversity of the isolates in Panel 2B loci.

The results showed the high genetic diversity of B. melitensis isolates in the west of the country and their genetic relationship with the known strains in the neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean area, as well as the importance of the MLVA method in identifying the source of infection.

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular microorganism that causes Q fever in humans and animals. A high risk for obstetric complications has been reported among women infected with Coxiella burnetii. The present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of C.burnetii infection among rural pregnant women in Khorramabad.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 184 serum samples were collected randomly from pregnant women who were referred to clinical laboratories and health centers in Khorramabad, Iran, from December 2016 to June 2017. A commercial IFA kit was used to detect the specific antibodies against phase II human C. burnetii in serum samples.

In this study, 89 (48.4%) serum samples had Coxiella antibodies. No significant relationship was observed between the variables of this study. Serological results based on the sampling month demonstrated that the most positive cases were observed in December (83.3%) which was statistically significant (P<0.001).

The present study demonstrated a high seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection among pregnant women in Khorramabad. Since Q fever is a dangerous factor in pregnant women, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education should take appropriate policy to raise the awareness of people at risk, especially those who have frequent contact with livestock.

Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases considered as a health and economic problem in many countries, such as Iran in the Middle East. Humans are infected with this disease as a result of direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. The prevalence of this disease is greater among veterinary staff as one of the high risk groups. The main purpose of this study was to determine of Brucella seroprevalence in the veterinary staff of Lorestan province using the indirect ELISA method.

This descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019.Total of 92 serum samples of veterinary staff with a history of contact with animals were tested for antibody against Brucella by commercial kit. 

Total of serum samples tested in this study, 72 were (78/27%) positive, 18 were (19/56%) negative, 2 were (2/17%) suspicious. According to the results of the present study, the seroprevalence of brucellosis among veterinary staff in Lorestan province is high.

Lorestan province is one of the endemic areas of malt fever and the seroprevalence in veterinary staff as one of the high risk groups based on this study is very high. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent disease in the human population by controlling and preventing disease in animals.

Avian influenza (AI) is a serious infectious disease with world-wide significance causing considerable financial losses in poultry industry.Serodiagnosis based on detection of antibody to the nucleoprotein (NP) that is conserved among all influenza A virus, can be used to demonstrate immunity against all subtypes of influenza A virus. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant nucleoprotein (NP). For this purpose, the coding region of nucleoprotein (NP) gene of A/chicken/Iran/AH-1/06(H9N2) AI isolate was amplified by RTPCR and cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector (pMal-C2x) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant vector for the expression of recombinant MBP-NP was used.Target protein with a weight of about 97 kDa by SDS-PAGE and subsequent Western blotting was evaluated. Observationthe expressed protein with expected molecular weight in SDS-PAGE and positive reaction ofthis protein with bird ,serum infected avian influenza In western blot showed that the expression of NP gene in E.coli was successful.

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) including the subtype H9N2 cause considerable financial losses to poultry industries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of avian influenza (AI) infection is important in control and eradication programs.
The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the nucleocapsid protein )NP (of AIV H9N2 subtype to improve diagnostic assays.
Recombinant NP protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using amylose resin chromatography column and used as an antigen for mice immunization. Spleen cells of the immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Next, culture supernatants of primary hybridoma clones were screened by indirect ELISA. After three rounds of sub cloning, the reactivity of the MAbs with recombinant and natural antigens was assessed by Western blotting.
Six MAbs showed specific binding to recombinant and natural NP from AIV H9N2 in Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay. Cross-reactivity with genetically non-related including Newcastle viruse (Paramyxoviridae family) was not detected.
Based on the results, the MAbs generated in this study could be used for the development of rapid diagnostic assays for recognition of AIV.

Brucellosis or Malta fever is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases considered as a health and economic problem in many countries in the Middle East, including Iran. The consumption of contaminated milk, milk products and contact with infected animals are the main transmission ways of pathogenic Brucella strains among human. The aim of the current study was to determine simultaneous detection of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in raw and none-pasteurized bulk cow milk tanks of traditional domestic dairy sale centres in Khorramabad, Iran.
In this cross-sectional study during October and November 2015, a total of 120 samples from raw and unpasteurized bulk cow milk tanks were collected from traditional domestic dairy sale centres in Khorramabad. To confirm the presence of Brucella genus among the samples, single PCR was carried out using B4 and B5 primers and multiplex PCR was then carried out in order to detect the B. abortus and B. melitensis spp..
The present study revealed that 10% of the bulk milk tank samples in traditional domestic dairy sale centres in Khorramabad were contaminated with Brucella.
Results of PCR assay showed that raw and unpasteurized bulk cow milk tanks of traditional domestic dairy sale centres in Khorramabad are the potential cause of human brucellosis in this region.

Q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease that is caused by obligate intracellular bacteria, Coxiella burnetii. Raw milk or dairy products that are produced from unpasteurized milk may contain virulent Coxiella burnetii. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of C. burnetii in raw and unpasteurized cow bulk tank milk samples of traditional domestic dairy products vendors in Khorramabad, Iran.
In this cross - sectional study a total of 120 raw and unpasteurized cow bulk tank milk samples in traditional domestic dairy products vendors were collected from October 2015 to November 2015 and tested for C. burnetii used a nested PCR assay.
In this survey, 9 out of 120 (7.5%) raw and unpasteurized cow bulk tank milk samples were found PCR positive for C. burnetii.
The Results of this study indicate that raw and unpasteurized cow bulk tank milk samples in traditional domestic dairy products vendors are an important source of C. burnetii infection in Khorramabad.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in all age groups. The majority of these infections are caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains. Colonization, attachment to uroepithelium, and the ability of UPEC to cause symptomatic UTI is mediated by adherence factors, such as type 1 fimbriae (fimH).
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of type 1 fimbriae-encoding gene (fimH) among uropathogenic E. coli isolates from outpatients with UTI in Khorramabad.
This laboratory study carried out on 100 uropathogenic E. coli collected in the years 2012 and 2013 from outpatients with UTI in Khorramabad. All bacterial isolates were identified by standard laboratory methods and the fimH gene presence was detected using the PCR method.
The fimH gene was amplified using specific primers and showed a band about 508 bp. The FimH gene was found in 26 isolates (26%) of the UPEC strains.
Although results of this study showed the presence of type 1 fimbriae-encoding gene (fimH) among uropathogenic E. coli isolates from outpatients with UTI, the high prevalence of isolates that do not encode fimH (74%) require further investigation to clarify the role of the other potential virulence factors in the pathogenesis of these isolates.

Q fever is a worldwide disease with is common between humans and livestock. This disease is created by an obligate intracellular Rickettsia called Coxiella burnetii. This study was conducted to identify the amount of C.burnetii prevalence in the raw Sheep milk in Khorramabad and its surrounding towns.
In this cross-sectional study (from Spring 2013 to Winter 2013), 72 Sheep milk samples were collected Randomly. These samples were tested for the presence of C. burnetii by the Nested PCR method.
In this survey, number 15 out of 72 (20.83%) sheep milk samples were positive for C. burnetii. The prevalence of C. burnetii varied during different seasons
The analysis of the collected data in different seasons and areas revealed that, more than 79/16 percent of the samples were negative and about 20.82 percent were positive in terms of C.burnetii presence. It can be concluded from this study the season and the region of sample collecting affects the amount of bacteria exerted, and that Sheep milk can be one of the potential sources of C. burnetii in Iran.

Q fever is a febrile disease which may be appeared as abrupt symptoms such as chills, pain behind the eyes (retrobulbar), malaise, disorder, and profuse perspiration. Since this bacterium is mostly common in animals and it is possible to transfer it from contaminated milk, this study aimed to determine the prevalent rate of Coxiella burentii in raw milk samples obtained from dairy cattles in AjabShir-Iran. This study was carried out from May 2014 to October 2014. Eighty milk samples were collected from 8 dairy cattle breeding complexes and the diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii was confirmed by Nested-PCR method.Results and In this study, 20 out of 80 milk samples (25%) were positive in terms of Coxiella burnetii. Considering the importance of the bacterium, Coxiella burnetii, rapid and accurate diagnosis is of great significance. Molecular techniques, due to its high accuracy and high speed, are mostly effective in the diagnosis. The localization of molecular techniques in the diagnosis of Q fever is highly recommended. The results indicated that Cattle's milk could be a potential reservoir of C. burnetii in Iran.

Avian influenza caused by H9N2 viruses is an important disease of industrial chickens inIran and many other parts of Asia. To understand the genetic features and phylogeneticrelationship of H9N2 viruses present in Ahwaz, the nucleotide sequence of nucleoproteingene (NP) was determined from an avian influenza virus (A/Chicken/Iran/Ahwaz-1/06)isolated from a broiler flock in Ahwaz suburb. Therefore, the coding region of the gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced after cloning in to pMal-C2 vector. Nucleotide sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies were performed by comparing NP gene of this isolate with twenty four counterpart sequences retrieved from the GenBank. Based on the NP gene sequence, Ahwaz isolate had the highest percentage of homology (94.3%) with the representative virus of G1 sublineage and placed in a distinct branch of the sublineage, together with the recent isolates of Pakistan. In contrast, homology of the isolate A/Chicken/Iran/Ahwaz-1/06 with a 1999 Iranian isolate (A/Chicken/Iran/11T/99) was 86.4% and these two viruses assigned in two separate genetic sublineages. According to present study, it can be concluded that H9N2 viruses have been evolved genetically since entering to Iran or other possibility is different sublineages of the virus have entered to the country so far.