امین فعال جلالی

Historical contexts serve as significant carriers of ancient heritage, conveying cultural and civilizational messages across generations. The surroundings of the holy shrine in Mashhad boast valuable historical and religious landmarks such as historic houses, mosques, gardens, and caravanserais. However, due to their integration within aging urban fabric, these sites face challenges including visual degradation, structural integrity issues, accessibility constraints, and deficiencies in urban infrastructure. Despite the establishment of regeneration offices, efforts to preserve and maintain these sites have not been entirely successful. This research aims to assess the operational pathology of facilitation offices, particularly focusing on tourism, within the central fabric surrounding the holy shrine. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews conducted between 1401-1402 with 28 managers of facilitation offices. Findings highlight critical factors contributing to operational pathology, including the knowledge of urban regeneration experts and related entities (coefficient of importance = 0.184), urban management's perspective on tourism (coefficient = 0.110), financial resource inadequacies within regeneration organizations (coefficient = 0.099), expertise deficiencies among regeneration experts (coefficient = 0.095), reluctance to collaborate with other entities (coefficient = 0.086), and weaknesses in the evaluation system of regeneration organizations. These results prioritize key areas requiring intervention for enhancing the performance of neighborhood development offices in the vicinity of the holy shrine.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various sectors, including tourism activities. The social responsibility of stakeholders in the tourism industry towards tourists has become crucial, with adherence to health guidelines being a key motivation for the use of catering units. Tourism serves as a solution to mitigate the economic losses caused by the pandemic, particularly in small-scale areas, and social responsibility plays a vital role in the sustainability of the industry and its impact on communities. This research aims to investigate the level and extent of social responsibility compliance among government institutions, local organizations, and catering unit managers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data, with 280 questionnaires distributed and completed by tourism sector professionals and experts. The reliability of the data was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test in the SPSS, and correlation tests and T-tests were conducted for data analysis. The findings indicate that restaurants demonstrated the highest level of compliance with social responsibility against the COVID-19 pandemic, with a rating of 4.25. Conversely, Lamkadeh and resorts exhibited the lowest ratings of 2.55 and 2.77, respectively. Overall, the research reveals that tourism professionals, experts, and officials are aware of their responsibility towards incoming tourists in hospitality complexes and diligently follow health protocols to combat the spread of the COVID-19 disease.

Economic problems are one of the main issues and problems in rural development and planning of the country. As can be seen in most cases, rural capitalists are reluctant to invest in rural areas. Accordingly, the goal of this research the reasons for this are the unwillingness of returning capitalists with rural roots to their rural homelands and investing in the countryside. For this purpose, Carpet weavers with rural roots residing in Mashhad were selected as sample. The research method was qualitative and the data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. In the following Carpet weaving villages were selected in the towanty and after visiting the villages that have had the most experience in carpet production (Pyweh Gan, Bulgur and Kazemabad (. The capitalists in this industry were identified and using the snowball sampling method of 25 rural activists were selected as sample. Also exploratory factor analysis and t-test were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that the averages were higher than the average this is indicative of the widespread problems facing the industry in rural areas. Also the results of factor analysis showed Factors such as lack of marketing and access to the sales market, lack of necessary infrastructure, and lack of advanced technology in the villages are factors affecting the lack of investment in the village.

Land use planning in rural areas is tantamount to spatial planning of land use and distribution of land uses and evaluates the type of land use commensurate with its capacities. Today, seeking to achieve goals such as balanced distribution of land use, land use planning based on two principles of land development values and improve quality of life, in order to achieve goals such as balanced distribution of land uses, mitigation of use of land uses, compliance, dependency, dependency and use capacity. The present research method is descriptive - analytic and for examining the qualitative evaluation of tourism applications from four fit matrices, compliance, capacity and matrix dependency matrix, and questionnaire presented by 48 local experts were completed. The results show that among the existing applications, the highest score obtained has been allocated to the use of the main network of main roads within the village with a value of 3.47 and the least to the use of historical water storage with a value of 2.32. Also, among the studied villages, it was determined that the village of Nuchah with a score of 3.45 in the best condition and the village of Hear-e-Sorkh with a mean value of 3.03 was the lowest. Also, among the four matrices, it was found that the capacity matrix with the value of 2.74, the utility with the value of 3.84, the dependency matrix with the value of 2.54 and the matrix of compatibility with the value of 3.85.

the analysis of land use utility matrix based on human and natural criteria in residential areas is the necessity and issues that planners in urban and rural areas in terms of access to communication network, central location, weather, noise and etc are a turning point for how optimal use is of resources. the aim of this study is to identify the level of user desirability in rural areas of Binaluod county. in this study, 14 user groups with 52 % of land use terms of central location, access to communication network, smell, facilities and equipment, slope, air, sound and vision were investigated. the present study is descriptive - analytical and data collection were collected in the field method by 48 local experts in eight villages. the results show that based on the four alternatives (4: Completely desirable and 1: totally undesirable) the bakery users with an average of 3/99 and the gymnasium with an average of 4 have made the highest compatibility in terms of the desirability of the location and land of the historic tank with /38 and the dilapidated housing with 3/40. Also, the average utilization rate of land use in the village of Zashk 3/74, in the village of Dehno 3/82, in the village of Jagherz, 3/78, in the village of Abedeh Alya, 3/89, in the village of Nochah equaled 3/92, in the village of Hesar Golestan 3/76, In the village of Hesar Sorkh 3.79 and finally in the village of Ruhni, the utility rate was 3.80. the results show that despite the wide range of land use changes outside the context of study villages, the level of land use within the rural fabric is desirable in terms of quality of high - order location, 3/81.

Land use issue over the past few years Due to the great importance of land use change has received much attention So much so that today the issue of land use change is one of the most important challenges in the natural and human resource management system.

Goal:

 according to this The present study is trying With the help of strategic planning tools, Identify and present optimal implementation strategies to reduce agricultural land use change.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM tools have been used. From a total of 14 villages in Binalood County that have had unauthorized agricultural land use changes in recent years, 8 villages with more than 100 land use changes were selected as a sample. The Rural Experts Analysis Unit was familiar with the internal and external environment in relation to the research topic and snowball sampling method.

Geographical area of research: 

The study area in this study were the villages with the highest amount of land use change in Binalood County, located in Khorasan Razavi province.

Based on exploratory studies, 18 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 29 weaknesses and threats as limitations and problems facing the change of use of agricultural lands in Binalood County were identified. The opinions of the three groups (local informants and managers) were asked in the designed questionnaire. The results showed that in matrix SWOT, according to the score of IFE = 2.242 and EFE = 2.769, conservative (maximum-minimum) strategies were identified in order to reduce the change of use of agricultural lands. The following 6 strategies were prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM).

In this regard, the most important strategy of "organizing illegal and unprincipled constructions by implementing government oversight programs" was identified with a score of 1.211. Therefore, it is necessary to control land use changes by proper land management.

Recognition and analysis of rural manager's supervision over construction in suburban villages is so important that planners currently use it to assess the extent of physical development in such areas. Developing regulations and supervising the various executive stages of rural construction is the most important stage in rural management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of supervision of rural managers (Dehyari) on improving the physical development of villages. Regression and correlation statistical tests were used to analyze the data and intelligent structural model was used to identify the effect of independent variables. The statistical population includes households living in rural villages of Tus district and the required sample size was 203 households which were determined using Cochran's statistical formula. Due to the large number of villages and the inability of researchers to study all of them, 12 villages out of 66 were selected based on the N0 formula. Variables such as; recognizing the characteristics and environmental conditions of the village, the obligation to obtain permits for construction, improvement of energy transmission lines, development of civil infrastructure, observance of public rights, observance of environmental principles, observance of safety principles, preservation of village values and observance of residential standards were considered as independent variables. The results showed that these independent variables with a coefficient of 0.35 have an effect on the dependent variable of physical development of the villages. However, the effect of the independent variable of guiding and warning signs during construction was not confirmed due to the low value of the obtained t-statistic, which is less than 1.96.

Ecolodgs is as a new way Catering and accommodation in rural areas. Owners of Ecolodgs as entrepreneurs, have responsibilities in setting up businesses and providing services to tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the social responsibility Ecolodgs towards the local community and the host. This research is based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to gather information have been used Library resources and field studies. The sample population is the owners of 27 Ecolodgs in rural areas of Khorasan Razavi province. Required data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 14-item social responsibility indices and dimensions among the Ecolodgs. The results show that the averages in the dimensions and indices of the research are higher than the average level. This reflects the importance of social responsibility among Ecolodgs towards the tourist and host community, which is slightly higher among women than men. Based on the results of social responsibility, the direct and indirect, local and non-local employment indices, increase in annual income, number of tourists and degree of residence were influenced. and the highest level of social responsibility was allocated to Ghor Ecolodge with 4.92.

One of the main and important tasks of planners in rural areas is to allocate land for various uses according to the role and function and the impact of each use on the others. In fact, the ultimate goal of land use planning is to create a kind of environmental balance and social justice in the process of development of residential areas. Land use planning should address quality objectives such as security, adaptability, landscape and sense of dependence on the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of rural land-uses in tourism destinations in terms of public safety, landscape, comfort and convenience. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this study, eight tourist destinations in Binaloud county were selected and the degree of adaptation was divided into three matrices: 1- Comfort and convenience, 2- Public safety 3- Landscape and view between 49 land-uses among rural experts and the studied villages in a range categorized from fully compatible to completely incompatible. The results showed that all the studied villages are in a comparable situation in terms of adaptability. In the public safety matrix, religious use with an average of 4.16 is in the first place and historical use with an average of 3.25 is in the last place. In the landscape and perspective matrix, religious use with an average of 3.73 ranks first and industrial-workshop use with 1.35 is in the last ranking. In the comfort and convenience matrix, the use of access network and passages with an average of 4.26 is in the first place and the historical use with an average of 3.10 is in the last place. In general, in terms of compatibility, educational land-use with 3.82 is in the first place, and historical use with 3.25 is in the last place.

In recent decades, the growth and development of the tourism industry and its adoption as one of the major economic activities by developed and developing countries and competition for major tourism destinations in order to attract tourists has led planners to increase tourism revenues (Farrel & Mation, 2002). In recent years, rural tourism has been considered as a tool for achieving economic, social and recreational growth. Rural tourism promotes economic growth, creates diversity and stability in employment, dynamics of trade and industry, expands opportunities for income-generating activities, creates new markets for agricultural products, and expands the base of a regional economy. Although rural tourism has been considered as one of the strategies of rural development in recent years, the level of environmental vulnerability in tourism target villages is still high for tourism development and is not well prepared (Munar, 2002). On the other hand, the rapid growth of the tourism industry in the last half century has led to increasing pressure on the environment. Studies have shown that prioritizing the economic benefits of tourism development has undermined the principles of sustainable development in different areas and has put the environment at risk (Mexa & Coccossis, 2004). Therefore, one way to reduce environmental pressure is to determine the capacity of different tourism areas and to determine the amount of space required by users based on this capacity. Determining the amount of space required for each user depends on various factors, and the most important is the number and the type of tourists and travelers who use tourist sites for different purposes. The number of tourists allowed to enter the place is also determined by the capacity of the tourist complexes. Among the main purpose of this research is to determine the amount and number of tourists in terms of environmental potential of Kong village.

The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive and analytical. Data collection was done in both library and field formats and field studies were conducted through observation and interview with villagers. In the present study, three types of physical, real and effective acceptance capacity were used to measure the capacity of tolerance in Kang village. According to observations and field studies, the most important limiting factors for tourists in the Kang village are estimated to be climatic characteristics. In this study, 4 factors including severe sunshine, number of frost days, highest maximum temperature above 30 ° C. The highest minimum temperatures below 5 ° C were considered as the main constraints of the region for tourism development. This research was carried out in the tourism area of ​​Kang village, in Khorasan Razavi province, 29 km southwest of Mashhad city with 160 hectares with latitude of 59° 11'85 east longitude and 36° 20'59 north latitude in a mountainous position. This region is located in the north of Nangarhar village and in other directions among the Binalood mountains and is temperate and has mild summers and cold winters. This range has many highs and lows and ranges in altitude from at least 1200 meters to up to 3300 meters. The dominant slope of the region is between 25-35%. The area has high tourism values ​​in terms of diverse mountain landscapes, lush valleys and gardens and natural landscapes.

As it was mentioned in the specialized studies of tourism feasibility study and for loading of tourism activities, one of the important issues in this field is the capacity of tolerance or acceptance of the area which has to be studied from both physical and human dimensions. The number of visits per day to the village is due to the attractions available in the village under study based on interviews with local managers. Finally, based on the maximum daily minimum temperature below 5° C for the village, about 90 days has been set. Tourism capacity of Kong village is estimated at 52,240 people per year, taking into account the stated environmental and climatic conditions.

In the process of planning the development of the tourism industry, identifying the appropriate areas for tourism development and leisure time, categorizing and prioritizing and ultimately determining the levels of equipment according to their functions and functional status is very important. In fact, the planning of tourism areas should take into consideration the type of tourists, their preferences, the types of resources and attractions of the regions, market segmentations, and so on. The study area is a type of centralized tourism with the aim of providing diversified services to tourists in Kang village. The most important tourism resources of the region have been the beautiful natural landscape, the surrounding altitudes, the existence of gardens in the area, the existence of two permanent rivers, the enjoyment of indigenous culture, historical and stepping-stone habitats and so on. Due to the type of tourists that are mainly regional and come from Mashhad to this village, the needs and limitations of tourists and the amount of facilities required have been discussed. According to the surveys, these facilities mainly include accommodation, catering, services, recreation and more. In this study, in order to calculate the physical tolerance capacity of the tourism area of ​​the village, this amount was estimated to be 1536,000 people per year considering the hours of tourist presence and required space the amount of effective tourism bearing capacity was calculated, taking into account the maximum physical capacity, environmental constraints and available tourism services and facilities, which was calculated as 303015.
Based on the calculations made for the study area, the physical capacity of tourist acceptance in the target village of Kang tourism is 1536,000 persons per year. It should be noted that according to the field studies and interviews with local managers, the number of tourists visiting the village during the year is about 96,000, with a large difference in physical reception capacity and actual number of visitors, indicating that the village Kang still has a high physical capacity to attract tourists. Also, in terms of actual bearing capacity, the number of tourists was 52,240 people per year, well above the current number of visitors (96,000). Thus, the effective bearing capacity was calculated to be 303,015 persons per year, which is more than the current number of visitors. But the important point is that since the physical reception capacity of the area is calculated only on the basis of area, it cannot be a criterion for rural planning and tourism but because of the actual reception capacity, tourism constraints and effective reception capacity, facilities and services available. The results are somewhat closer to reality and more effective in rural planning.

The owners of ecolodges as the main caretakers of tourism have a lot of responsibilities in business and providing services in accordance with environmental standards to tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental responsibility of the owners of rural ecosystems. Therefore, the statistical population of the present study is 27 owners of ecolodges in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on the results of the two-sample t -tests, it was found that the villagers had more attention than the tourists. According to the correlation test, there was a significant relationship between environmental responsibility and employment (direct, indirect, local and non-local), income, number of tourists, and degree of residence. This means that the more employment created and the higher the income, the more homeowners will feel more responsible. Finally, linear regression test revealed that the variables of age, education and income level of the eco-dwellers had an impact on their environmental responsibility.

Today, the use of satellite imagery and aerial photos to change is one of the basic needs. In this research, the present study examines the trend of land use changes to non-agricultural lands and tourist settlements in the years 2007 to 2017 using satellite imagery. The area under study is the Binalood city in Khorasan Razavi province, which has been exposed to high land demand and unauthorized land use changes after 2007 national divisions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyze the trend of land use change in villages of the tourist destination of this County in two periods. The method is descriptive-analytic and rate of user variation was evaluated using satellite imagery in 8 rural areas that had the most challenge in the years 2007 to 2017. The results show that in all villages, land use changes have increased and increased in area. The total amount is estimated to be 1848101 square meters, which is far from the mind given the characteristics of the region in terms of tourism and land value. Among the villages studied, destruction due to the addition of industrial uses, workshops, tourism, etc. in the last 10 years, has had the most changes

Most environmental issues are rooted in human's wrong behaviors. Among the factors influencing these behaviors, are low awareness level and environmental literacy, followed by environmental instability and degradation. In the meantime, investigating and analyzing the environmental behavior and awareness among rural community is of great importance, having known as the community with the most connection with its surroundings. Therefore, the current descriptive survey, being done with the aim of studying and analyzing the environmental behavior and awareness of villagers in Zangalanlou rural district. Research methodology was descriptive-analytical, based on documentary studies and field data. According to the sampling, made by cochran method with 0.07 erorr in this study, 140 sample families were selected among the villagers of Zangelanloo rural districts, then, the required information were gathered through the researcher-made questionnaire. Also, the total Reliability was obtained 0/8 for research, and its validity was approved by experts and professors of university. According to the findings, the average of most research indicators, except for three indicators of awareness of the benefits of using clean energy, awareness of the harms of agricultural pesticides and product packaging, were obtained above average (based on the Likert five-item scale). Also, the correlation between research variables (level of education, and villager's participation rate in environmental educational courses), proves a positive and significant relationship. Then, using Pearson Correlation Test, the relationship between the level of environmental awareness and environmental behavior was analyzed. the results indicated a meaningful relationship between these two variables. Also, according to prioritizing the Indicators and villages in VIKOR model, it was found that Zanglanloo village enjoyed higher environmental bahavior and awareness, comparred to the other villages, and Kalateh Toot village was placed in the lowest class of VIKOR model, based on the level of environmental bahavior and awareness.