ایمان سعیدی

The cement industry has always been known to have significant harmful environmental effects. The development of green infrastructure around these industries can reduce the negative environmental effects of such developments in the surroundings. However, there is no systematic framework related to the selection of plant species around cement factories. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic method for selecting plant species around cement factories. In this study, Durood Cement Factory was selected as a case study. At first, the conceptual model of plant-environment relationship in industrial environments was introduced. In the following, a functional framework for the implementation of this conceptual model is presented, which consists of five steps: identifying effective criteria, weighting criteria, developing a formula for selecting plant species, creating a plant palette, and screening suitable plant species. In the selection of criteria, two categories of primary and secondary criteria were used. The screening method of plant species selection criteria is fuzzy Delphi and the method of weighting the selection criteria is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of this research showed that among the five investigated plant species, Eleagnus angustifolia is the most suitable tree species for this study area, while the Platanus orientalis and Tamarix gallica are considered unsuitable. This research provides valuable insights for landscape architects, environmental managers and operators of industrial spaces, especially cement factories, to create sustainable green areas.

Urban development disturbs the natural infiltration of runoff by creating impermeable surfaces. With the increase of impermeable levels in the watersheds, the volume of runoff also increases and cities will be exposed to waterlogging and floods in the rainy season. Therefore, the level of groundwater resource is expected to have lowered gradually. Today’s main policy to face with this problem centers on using traditional flood systems like concrete channelization to convey runoff which increases the problem of groundwater recharge. So, it seems that Green Infrastructure Development (GID) could play a crucial role in the restoration of the disrupted hydrological cycle, lowering the runoff problem, and move toward towards urban sustainability.Materials and methods Study area Tehran is a metropolitan with an area of about 730 km2 and the population of more than 8.5 million people, located at the south part of Alborz Mountains. The city comprised of 22 districts. The middle districts and downtown areas are urbanized while the other districts have more open spaces and untouched lands. The slope of the most parts of the city is about 3-9 percent which is mainly from the north to the south. There are seven natural rivers streaming the city. These natural valley-rivers play important roles in natural ventilation and runoff conveying. Tehran has a diverse Land use. Apart from big green patches dispersed in the northern parts and the urban fringe areas, all patches of the city are manmade and impermeable. Tehran has faced rapid growth in the current decades. Rapid urbanization has worsened the natural hydrological cycle and put this megacity in jeopardy of water logging and flood. Flood risk is one of the second most important natural hazards in Tehran. The city is coated with impermeable surfaces like buildings, highways, roads, and parking lots. In rainy seasons rainfall rapidly turns into runoff flowing throughout the streets and finally leaves the urban watershed. Consequently, the level of groundwater supply is expected to have diminished.

The framework of this research has four steps. 1- Selection of relevant criteria and sub-criteria 2- Determining the weight of each of criteria and sub-criteria 2- reaching of decision matrix, 4- Prioritization of green infrastructure practices 3- Development of combination scenarios 4- Prioritization of combination scenarios. Each step is elaborated below.This step was done by reviewing scientific sources and interviewing experts and specialists. At this step, we tried to select criteria for multivariate decision models that are more repetitive in scientific texts and are in accordance with the geographical, climatic conditions and realities of the study area. Finally, the criteria in the process of introducing green infrastructure in Tehran with the aim of runoff control includes five main criteria namely: runoff quantity control, runoff quality control, cost, compatibility with city structure, and adaptation to the climate of the city.Expert panel and The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were used to weight the selected criteria. In this regard, a questionnaire was first prepared in accordance with the standard structure of pairwise comparison, which is common in the hierarchical analysis method. Then, 15 faculty members, consulting engineers, and researchers in various fields related to the development of green infrastructure in urban areas were surveyed. Then the weight of criteria, sub-criteria, and inconsistency coefficients were calculated. Meanwhile, the responses of 6 participants had an inconsistency coefficient of more than one tenth and were excluded. Therefore, a total of 9 experts participated in the weighting process of the criteria. Expert Choice software was used in the process of calculating the weight of criteria and incompatibility coefficients.In order to compile the decision matrix and achieve the ability of the studied green infrastructure types, the review of scientific literature was performed. At this step, we referred to studies that examined the ability of green infrastructure in relation to each of the criteria.At this stage, the TOPSIS method was used to prioritize green infrastructure. TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making method that is programmed based on the similarity of the solution to the ideal solution and the distance from the non-ideal solution. This technique can be used to rank, compare different options, select the best option and determine the distances between options. Based on the final decision matrix and the weight of the studied criteria, different forms of green infrastructure were prioritized. All calculations were performed to prioritize the options using R software and topsis package.Sensitivity analysis is performed to achieve assurance of results and to confirm that the weighting is non-biased. The method is that values are added or subtracted to each of the indicators and the model will be run again with the changes made and the results will be compared. In this study, PYSIS software was used to analyze the sensitivity of the results of this study. To ensure that the scores and weights were non-biased, sensitivity analysis was performed with 30% change in weights for 10,000 repetitions.To combine different forms of green infrastructure, five main functions of green infrastructure for runoff management were identified, including infiltration, storage, conveyance, irrigation, and rainwater collection. Based on these performances, different scenarios for combination of GI practices were identified and scored. The equation 1 was used for prioritizing the combination scenarios A= (S1 × D1)+(S2× D2)Where A is the final score of each compound, S1 is the final score of the green infrastructure expressed in the row, D1 is the green infrastructure score expressed in the row in the runoff management process, S2 is the green infrastructure score expressed in the column, D2 is the green infrastructure score in the column in the runoff management process.

Results revealed that permeable pavement with a score of 0.756 is the most suitable, while green atmosphere with 0.342 points was selected as the most unsuitable form of green infrastructure for the city of Tehran. Infiltration trenches, rain beds, rainwater harvesting system, detention ponds, bio-retention ponds, and green roofs were ranked second to seventh, respectively.The results of sensitivity analysis showed that with 30% change in coefficients and 10,000 times of model implementation, we did not see much change in the results of this research, and again permeable pavement has been introduced as the most appropriate option. The lack of change in the ranking of options in the sensitivity analysis indicated the low level of subjectivist bias.In the next step, in order to achieve appropriate scenarios, a combination of different forms of green infrastructure from Formula 1 was used and 112 possible combination scenarios were examined, scored and ranked. Finally, three preferred scenarios for each combination based on the hydrological performance were proposed.

In this study, a framework was proposed to use multi-objective prioritization of different forms of green infrastructure to control runoff in Tehran. The results showed that the permeable pavement is the most suitable form of green infrastructure for the city of Tehran, while the green swale is the most unsuitable. Infiltration trenches, rain gardens, rainwater collection reservoirs, ponds, biological ponds and green roofs were ranked second to seventh, respectively. Also, in order to achieve the appropriate composition patterns of green infrastructure, the functions of different types of green infrastructure were divided into categories including infiltration, storage, conveyance, irrigation, and rainwater collection, and the combined scenarios of this Infrastructures were examined. The results of this study proposed a suitable scenario of 30 green infrastructure combinations with different hydrological performance for development with different purposes.

Human interventions have led to changes in natural systems. Climate change is the most conspicuous change that affects natural ecosystems, particularly in urban environments, which endanger urban sustainability. Resilient urban landscape design could be considered as a solution for this challenge. This paper presents a framework for the design of resilient green spaces towards adapting to climate change

The study area of the research is Behesht Boulevard in Borujerd, Lorestan province, (Iran). The resilience of current plantings was evaluated based on resilient criteria extracted from related literature including plasticity, biodiversity and structural diversity. Furthermore, four vital aspects of urban green space were added and taken into consideration including; economic, aesthetics, social and ecological aspects. The final evaluation conducted through Delphi method, which relies on expert opinion and AHP.

The result showed that area had a fragile landscape suffering from a low biodiversity. Therefore, the new plant species were selected and evaluated based on resilience and additional anticipated criteria. Finally, the new planting design proposed considering resilience and socio-economic dimensions.

Existing green spaces are vulnerable to climate change. Combined cycles such as water scarcity and urban stresses increase the severity of this vulnerability. Applying fundamental principles such as reversible design can improve the quality of these spaces, making them reversible. Finally, based on the results obtained, a general strategy for redesigning urban green spaces to improve and enhance the reversible urban landscape is presented.

Increasing urbanization has a profound effect on the ecological structures. One of the most important challenges is water shortage. Concurrently, urban green space is major water consuming. The green space dependence on groundwater and drinking water in Iran has led to a decline in groundwater levels and increasing water demand. While, cities embrace impervious surface which not only create run off, but also it determinate recharge and flood in rainy seasons. Mohajeran is one of those cities facing with these problems. It seems that water sensitive urban design (WSUD), beside ecological design frameworks are able to represent appropriate solution. In this study First, the sources and uses of water is identified on basis of water sensitive design then, the strategies for green spaces development in the city of Mohajeran is presented. The results indicated that potable water resources (Runoff, rain and grey water) have a considerable potential to substitution with groundwater resources in watering the green spaces. Therefore, development strategies were proposed to develop drought resilient green space on basis of the best management practices such as urban runoff management, rainwater harvest in residential houses, sewage treatment. Today, cities face a variety of challenges, but also complex, which is called as wicked problems. Climate change with increasing frequency and severity of rainfall, long periods of heat and drought, urban population growth and its consequences, water crisis and its supply challenges, environmental pollution in all its dimensions, and extensive changes in land use are among these issues. Meanwhile, the interaction of climate change, water and urban environments, and the challenges it poses, is a challenging part of the issue. There are different approaches to integrate managing water resources in urban areas. This theme was titled "Integrated drinking water management" between 1960 and 1970 by the Civil Engineering Society. This topic has been introduced as “low impact development” in the United States, “sustainable drainage system” in the UK, water sensitive urban design in Australia and New Zealand, “the sponge cities” in the Netherlands, or generally known as the Green-Blue Infrastructure. Australia is antecedent in developing of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) approach due to climate change and drought. WSUD is based on decentralizing approach in water resources management which focuses on a local Practice. Its purpose is to Plan and design of urban fabric to manages and protect natural water cycles in the urban environment in a way that ensures the sensitivity of water management to hydrological, natural and ecological processes. This approach seeks to manage two contradictory problems of flood / runoff and water stress which caused by drought. For this reason, it tries to conceive the cycle of water as a multi-layered system and, avoiding isolated and fragmented approaches, manage water system in the artificial environment and ecosystem appropriately. WSUD Approach includes two key dimensions: the first dimension is water sensitivity consideration and design is the second dimension. In the first dimension, the integrity of water management in the urban environment is considered. While, the planning and design landscape in related to the management of water resources is addressed. In hydrology the concept of ecological design is well defined by Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). Ecological design could be considered alongside of WSUD in landscape design which is any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes. Nowadays, more than 500 cities in Iran face with water shortage problems. Mohajeran city is one of them which is the subject of this study. This city suffer difficulty emitting runoff during rainy season and suffers from drought in dry season. It seems that the best manner to curb these problems is following WUCD principles and employing ecological principles concurrently. . Mohajeran city is located at the West of part of Markazi province. Mohajeran's climate is semi dry. The average precipitation of this region is 337 mm rain annually. The city is about 1600 hectares. Total green spaces area is about 160 hectares. Figure 1 shows the location of Mohajeran on the map of Iran, and indicates the study area in Mohajeran which is an urban residential district with an area of 0.19 km2. Fig. 1 Location of the study area in Mohajeran, Iran At first this article reviews WSUD literature related to water shortage conditions, collecting rain water, reusing of gray water in urban landscapes, promoting water consumption efficiency, then applies ecological principle to create an strategic plan to promoting urban landscape. The second part of research was conducted based on ecological design principles that expressed by Van der Ryn and Cowan in 1996. At first a review of WSUD literature related to water shortage conditions, collecting rain water, reusing of gray water in urban landscapes, promoting water consumption efficiency and ecological was carried out. Then we tried to use the ecological design and WSUD concepts in order to design more effective green landscape. To achieve this goal the exact volume of rainwater had to be estimated. So equation1 was used: (1) Where Q [m3] is the annual volume of collect able rainwater; Ca is the average runoff coefficient; S is the seasonal loss coefficient (the ratio of rainfall in rainy season to annual rainfall); I is the initial split-flow coefficient (the ratio of rainfall rejecting first flush to annual rainfall); A [m2] is the rainwater harvesting area; H [mm] is the rainfall with different occurrence probabilities; Ca was estimated by using Eqs. (2) (2) Where Ci is the runoff coefficient of different underlying surfaces; Ai [m2] is the areas of different underlying surfaces It is believed that runoff is a precious resource and should have been used in Mohajeran city but unfortunately has been neglected and many problems such as inundation and flooding and water shortage in dry seasons have roots in ignoring it. Therefore, runoff must be stored and reused. To calculate cisterns which have capability to store water in rainy season and use it during dry season we use equation 3: Cistern capacity can be estimated by using Eq4 (3) Where Ca is the runoff coefficient of different underlying surfaces; Ai [m2] is the areas of different underlying surfaces and h [mm] is the rainfall with different occurrence probabilities Another uncommon water resource in Mohajeran city is grey water. Passing some stages of purification will help it to be reused in landscape irrigation Annual precipitation in the study area is 337 mm so by use of equation 1 the volume of the collectible water is 4021.7 m3 annually. The Maximum volume of runoff is for Rooftops and pavement areathe minimum amount of runoff. Figure 3 shows volume of collectible water in different land uses in the study area.

Dust storms are known as hazardous problems in western part of Iran. Iraq is one of the main sources for dust storm arriving to the western part of Iran. The Radial Basis Function Network model (RBFN) has been used to assess wind erosion hazards in the source area of dust storms over several western Iranian cities. Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) was used to determine the changes in the source area salinity over the studied years. The RBFN model has been used to assess the wind erosion severity of all land uses in the source area. Generally, NDSI values of all land uses in 2003 were higher than those in 2013. The maximum and minimum mean NDSI values were seen in severely dissected plains and mountainous lands, respectively. The observed differences in the wind erosion hazard maps of 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013 were due to the changes in vegetation percent. Soil salinization caused the source area vegetation degradation and wind erosion exacerbation. So, the occurrences of dust storms in Western parts of Iran have become more frequent. The in situ observations showedthat there were two, five, five, twelve and nine records of pervasive dust storms in western parts of Iran in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011, respectively.

Water shortage is a crucial challenge that threatens future of landscape development in Iran. Naturally it intensifies by climate change that will be led to water stress of ecosystems. The water stress have confronted universities campus landscape with serious challenges especially those that located in arid and semi-arid areas such as center of Iran. Malayer University has had serious challenges due to water shortage in green space development in spite of fast growth. Local adaptation and mitigation actions have a high priority in dry context. Successful adaptation and mitigation need to increase ecological resilience and provide appropriate water resources without threaten the other places and species to meet their needs. Adoption strategies emphasis on ecological resilience and mitigation strategy stress on not only improvement of ecological function against climate change but also reduction the intensifying climate change factors such as greenhouse gases(GHG). Thus ecological resilience improvement will assist the continuum of ecosystems functions and will support mitigation movements. Therefore it is an essential and vital role of planning to cope with wicked problems due to climate changes. Climate change has faced our society with complex problems simultaneously increasing uncertainty. Resilience is an ideal option in access to cope uncertainty that try to recover systems from disruption. As Friend &Moench(2013) pointed the goals of develop is resilience or “an aspect of what development is”. But resilience here defined as ability of absorb shocks and increasing system ability to cope with challenges and conserve the system integrity and sustainably, although may it pass from one situation to new once. It does not mean as bouncing back the system. The emphasis is on sustainability continuum of ecological structure and functions. Although system could be experience some changes. Iran has experienced great dryness challenges. Thereupon water shortage change into an ongoing threat of a dry country and it is a sign of wide spread crises through the country in near future. Malayer University that founded in 2005 has been developed rapidly. It tackled with water limitations for all kind of uses. Water limitation is a main obstacle in green landscape design of university campus too. The article tried to review resilience concept in water shortage conditions and present solutions for water deficit by rain harvest and reuse of gray water in campus landscape design from one side and increase water use efficiency by wise and ecological planting and reduce the water needs by selection of planet species with low water requirement from another side. Method and materials: University of Malayer located at county as same name (Malayer) and in North West of Hamadan province. The area has a semi dry climate. The area receives about 300 mm rain annually in average. The average of minimum temperature is -4 and the average of maximum temperature is 34.7 degree of centigrade. Total area of campus is about 55 hectare that has been built in 2005.Total built area is about 46000 square meters up to now. Slope of campus fluctuate between 3 to 7 percent. 70 percent of 55 hectares is in cult. Soil tests indicated the presence of clay soils in combination with organic materials. The soil salinity is low and without restrictions. The existing vegetation cover can be divided into two categories: 1-Herbaceousspecies, mainly in under developed parts of campus, Characteristics of those species are: wild plant, seasonal growth and short growing period. Plants are drying by beginning of warm season and increase water stress. These plants include species such as: Peganumharmala, Achilleamillefolium, Descurainia Sophia, Gundeliatournefortii and Fritillaria sp. 2-plantingtrees and shrubs that include limit species such as: black pine, cedar and cypress, sycamore, mulberry, willow usual, walnuts, grapes, Cotoneasternummularia, Crataegusaronia, differenttypes of roses, lavender, Rosemary. The main problems of campus green space are: Planting sensitive vegetable to drought, water resources shortage and low efficiency in water irrigation systems. This research has been done based on ecological design principles that expressed by Van der Ryn and Cowan in 1996. The study tries to use the ecological resilience based on global warming trend and water shortage in order to design more effective green landscape. This section includes four steps: 1- Analyses of water resources in campus 2- Analyses of water irrigation efficiency 3- Analyses of plane species resilience against water shortage, ecological diversity and diversity in ecological functions. The result shows area could store about 19000 cubic meters water from rain annually. This volume is enough to irrigation of green space during the year. Moreover harvest runoff is possible from pedestrians and streets. We could access to 90000 cubic meters water by construction of primary waste water treatment systems. In addition change of traditional irrigation system is necessary that will increase irrigation efficiency. Meanwhile mulching can reduce surface evaporation and decrease water needs. Main and dominant plant species flexibility has been analyzed based on Hunter Model (2008). As a result vulnerable species identified, from anther hand new and native species was chose. The native species were selected that have following characteristics: Resistance against water stress, adopted by ecosystem conditions, diversity in ecological function, quality of growth and reproductive and less water requirement. Finally campus landscape has been design based on rain harvest and reuse of gray water (Fig. 1). Conclusion; Landscape design is an alternative and additional tool for climate change and global warming. Landscape design could apply ecological principles in order to cope with climate change threats especially in dry regions. Campus landscapes of Malayer as sample chose to examine ability of ecological design. The result showed, green space of campus could be developed by utilize of potential water resources. Campus landscape could be improved by wise selection of planning species. The species should be resistance against water stress and climate changes. As result ecosystem service will be improved by wise develop of campus landscape through ecological design principles. Is this experiment applicable in more complicated places such as urban landscape? Simultaneously other approaches such as carbon sequestration are applicable? These two questions are new subjects for further practical research especially in the arid areas that faced with climate changes threats.

Landscape design is always identified by cultural viewpoint and religious views. In fact، landscape design creates new and fresh composition and delicate system by emphasizing on conceptual perspective that is based on religious views. But nowadays there is not such relationship between landscape design and Islamic identity and we can see some kind of identity crisis. Therefore this article is shaped based on this question: How we can make a relationship between Islamic identity and contemporary landscape design? The researcher believes that we can induce some factors from Quran verses and the quote of Shiite Imams that reflect Islamic identity in contemporary landscape design. The research method is based on descriptive – analysis of data. The data was collected from authentic religious and scientific documents. The result show the Islamic identity in contemporary landscape design consists of two parts – subjective (4 factors) and objective (6 factors). There is an overlap among these factors and are inseparable. In this article the manifestation aspect of these factors were indicated by using Quran text and the quote of Shiite Imams. Finally the way of creating Islamic identity in contemporary landscape design is explained.

Beauty is among the fundamental issues that has always captivated human mind. Aesthetics is a science formed to correctly understand beauty. The origin of this science is in humans’ quest for beauty and what humanity has gained from change in views about this branch of knowledge is the variety of arts styles, philosophical views, geometric patterns and other human tastes. The Holy Quran and Hadiths of the Infallible (AS), as the main Islamic sources, have presented a complete framework for comprehending the nature of aesthetics. This framework has led to the creation of outstanding works of Islamic art. Hence, this research investigates the framework of aesthetics in view of the Quran and Hadiths. It first tries to reflect the nature of aesthetics from the Quranic viewpoint and based on that offer a general framework for comprehending beauty. To that aim, content analysis has been used for presenting the framework. The results of the research showed that the Quran’s aesthetic pattern has a hierarchical nature which begins with objective beauties, goes on to objective-subjective beauties and finally reaches subjective beauties.

Introduction Urban landscape is experiencing rapid changes which put all urban domains under pressures. These processes revolutionize urban landscape into spaces without ecologic values. The sustainability of green patches and corridors has been scathed by lack of ecological approaches in planning and design. Therefore, urban green spaces structures and functions have been damaged. Green spaces have been changed into isolated, fragile and unsustainable areas. Controlling green spaces changes process, decrease fragility and improvement of sustainability are vital for green spaces in urban contexts. Utilizing and wide use of ecological frameworks in planning and design is compulsory and inevitable in these conditions. A framework to establish protective and conservative principles in urban context is required. Ecological approach establishment in urban forest parks planning and design will improve green spaces function and will have positive impact on green patches and urban ecology overall. Urban forests are main green patches in cities in which trees are main vegetation cover. Normally Green patches are form main part of ecological system and matrix. They are formed different systems of green spaces that may be called parks, green fringe, urban forest etc. Among green spaces, ecological urban forest functions are totally obvious. The functions are related to the definition of urban forests. Any country has its own definition of urban forest, but in a quite simple way, urban forest parks could be defined as: compressed tree and shrub planted areas combined with open spaces, open and semi open woodlands. It may contain some water bodies and is located in urban or pre-urban areas. The ecological and sustainability issues are immensely considered in the design and management of forest parks in the world. International organizations such as FAO and the USFS (Organization of American plantations) studied extensive research on forest areas. Landscape designers have been considered as forest ecological issues. Existence of forest park samples in different countries such as England, United State and China shows the attention paid to urban forest and forest parks ecological issues. The pattern of ecological planting design, checking up the parks ecological design challenges, paying attention to the tourism and tourism issues in the design of forest parks and the impact of tourism development on the extinction of native species and development of ecological forest parks in order to attract tourists, are among the studies carried out about forest parks and ecological forest parks development. In Iran, the construction of forest parks was developed after the movement of forests and pastures nationalization. These spaces were constructed mainly in the suburban cities of Iran, with the goal of improving ecological and environmental status of the city, and also recreational requirements of citizens. Today, these spaces not only do not meet environmental and ecological requirements due to lack of proper planning and design, but also their social and leisure functions decrease daily due to poor management. Therefore, planning is necessary to: - Create ecosystem balance in these large patches, - Prevent fragmentation, - Establish connection to the city, - Give the characteristics of recreation and tourism spaces, - And finally preserve urban environment quality and sustainability. We could strengthen forest parks by proper environmental design, by emphasis on natural and environmental values conservation and preparing suitable context for appropriate use. In addition, these efforts will motivate tourists to use forest parks, encourage local community to preserve the natural resources of parks for future generations. Proper design along with great emphasis on forest park context to natural based recreation will provide suitable conditions for the protection of natural resources and functions associated with tourism and other healthy and environmental usages. Indeed we could decrease forest parks damages by changing people’s perception of environmental values of forest parks and encouraging them to respect environmental wealth and assets provided by urban forest ecosystems. Formation of rich ecosystems makes them as tourist attractions. Local community activities will be developed by tourists’ presence. Tourist's interest in environmental values, simultaneously communities dependent on forest parks, provide an appropriate environment for the protection of these spaces. Ecological functions of forest parks offer healthier environment for urban community. Ecological forest parks design could act as a solution, leading to the strengthening and restoration of parks ecological processes and help them to recover their natural complex structure, in connection with other urban green spaces. It also enhances the urban ecological networks in natural and artificial corridors. Ecological design aim is to prepare a support system for urban sustainability. Materials and methods In this article, analysis and design has been carried out based on ecological design framework. Ecological design is an approach based on a comprehensive understanding of environmental layers, their interaction and design based on minimal destructive effects on the environment in ecological interaction framework. Different principles of ecological design have been presented by researchers. But the emphasis here is on four design principles that have been presented by Ryn and Cowan (1996). Design principles could be stated as: 1-Solution grows from place 2-Ecological accounting informs design 3-Design by nature 4-Everyone is a designer Based on these principles, Shahid Beheshti forest park of Brojerd has been analyzed and designed. At the beginning, a basic analysis of resources has been presented. Information layers and ecological features have formed the basis of analysis to clarify the ecological characteristics of the urban park and its functions. Thereafter, guidelines of forest park improvement have been developed based on the analysis of framework. Activity locations are selected according to the principles. Finally, master plan of forest park is designed in the context of ecological design. Results and discussion City of Brojerd is located in the north of Silakhor fertile plain, in the broad valleys of the central Zagros ranges. Shahid Beheshti forest park is situated on the north of Brojerd city. The Forest Park altitude varies between 1609 to 1649 meters. The park slope varies between zeros to three percent. The park has a medium clay soil, with no salt restriction. Based on the ecological structure of landscape ecology, this area could be divided into four parts as follows: A. Irreconcilable and incompatible patch that require strengthening, B. Weak patches that require to be improved, C. patches that require design and rehabilitation, D. patches that are capable to develop. According to the ecological and geomorphologic structures and processes around and within the Shahid Beheshti forest park, it could be described as an area with a combination of natural and non-native planted tree species. This space is going to be changed by the urban development pressure and processes. These conditions make ecological planning and design obligatory. Master plan of ecological park development based on all conditions and practical implementation of this plan has been presented. Conclusion Using ecological design pattern and combining its integration with the aesthetics aspects, while maintaining the ecological function of landscape, respond to different needs of the community. Futurism that lies in the heart of this pattern, first of all will create a suitable relationship between man and environment, secure health of community and viable environmental and ecological conditions that is necessary for future generations. Sustainable urban development will be achievable in ecological framework. For this purpose, the following principles are recommended for the design of ecological forest park: - Considering ecological aspects of sustainable design with an emphasis on natural, social and economical aspects and at the same time, paying attention to the ecological patches, corridor and footprints - protecting natural environment - Emphasizing on the sequence, maintenance and enhancement of existing plant and animal species - Utilizing natural and morphological features for ecological integrity, - Creating buffer zones around the edges, - Preventing people from entering the fragile formed ecosystems, - Protecting natural passage and - Designing a rich ecosystem, rather than an environment for human leisure.