ایمان شیرین بک

Lack of necessary awareness and misdiagnosis can have serious consequences in dental emergencies, potentially causing irreparable harm to the patient's health. This study aimed to assess dental students' knowledge at Alborz University of Medical Sciences regarding medical emergencies in 2019.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study included all dental students from the 6th to 12th semesters at Alborz University of Medical Sciences (100 students) using a census method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic information, the necessity and sufficiency of learning about medical emergencies, and dental students' knowledge of medical emergencies. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and analytical statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Out of 100 students, 90 completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score of the students was 9.63 ± 2.73, with the highest score being 15. 71.1% of participants agreed that the method of teaching medical emergencies should be changed. Additionally, 86.7% of the students felt the need for retraining in emergencies and how to handle them. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge scores and the academic semester (P =0.01) and the history of attending cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshops (P = 0.03).

The knowledge of Alborz University of Medical Sciences dental students regarding medical emergencies was poor and unsatisfactory. The findings of this study, consistent with the results of other studies, highlight the necessity of reviewing and revising the curriculum related to medical emergencies in dentistry.

Introduction and goal: 

One of the problems of kidney failure patients, especially patients who are in the final stages of this disease, is uremic stomatitis, which can be caused by hemodialysis, the disease process, or both. Considering that dialysis as a metabolic disorder has many effects on people, including oral complications and mucosal lesions, knowing the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in patients with kidney failure and undergoing dialysis is necessary for planning interventions. Similar in this field has not been done in the city of Karaj or even in the country of Iran, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in dialysis patients of Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj and its related factors in the year 1400.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the year 1400 in Imam Ali (AS) hospital in Karaj city. After the necessary coordination and obtaining the relevant permits, 384 dialysis patients who had files in Imam Ali Hospital (A.S.) in Karaj city were included in the study. The selection of people was simple random and based on the list of patients. The patients were diagnosed with stomatitis. Uremic were examined Also, the duration of dialysis, family history of kidney failure, diabetes, duration of diabetes and hemoglobin a1c level were asked and the relevant information was recorded.

According to the results of this study, the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in patients was 3.38%. This problem was more in men than women (84.61% compared to 13.59%). Also, the average age of male patients with this disease was higher compared to women (67.45± (5.12) years compared to 48.50±(4.95) years) and had been dialyzed for a longer period of time (5.64±(0.5) years compared to 1.5±(0.7)). Also, the family history of dialysis was more in men (81%. 8 compared to 0). The prevalence of diabetes in male patients was higher compared to female patients (100% compared to 50%) and the duration of diabetes was longer in men compared to women ((2.64±0.5) years in comparison with (0±1) years) and on the other hand, diabetes control was better in women compared to men, so that 50% of female patients had a blood hemoglobin level of 8-5.9, while the level of hemoglobin a1c in all male patients was higher than 8.

The results of this study showed that suffering from kidney failure, especially in the final stages of the disease when patients need dialysis, can lead to an increase in the risk of uremic stomatitis.

Oral health has a significant impact on the complications of pregnancy and raising the awareness of health Providers, can lead to the strengthening of preventive treatments and reduce the financial burden on society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of medical, midwifery and nursing students of Iran University of Medical Sciences about oral health during pregnancy.

During this descriptive-analytical study, which is done by a standard questionnaire, the knowledge and concern of these students in the field of oral health in pregnant women have evaluated. The questionnaire consists of two parts: demographic characteristics of the samples and their personal opinion about oral health.

In this study, a total of 172 students (62 nursing, 24 midwiferies and 86 medical students) participated. The knowledge score among 17 questions was minimum zero, maximum 15 and average 6.85±6.96 No significant relationship was found between knowledge score, gender and field of study.

The level of knowledge of medical and paramedical students in the field of oral health during pregnancy is low and it is necessary to improve this awareness.

Dental traumas are important events that can cause tooth displacement, fracture or removal teeth from dental socket. Studies have shown that the prognosis of treatment depends on the knowledge of those present at the accident and the correct performance of the dentist in treating the injured person. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice of dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences about traumatic dental injuries.

The present study was conducted on 63 dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Participants answered a questionnaire containing 7 multiple-choice questions. Questions 1 and 2 were about demographic information of students and questions 3 to 7 were related to dental trauma.

The results showed that, in response to question 3 93.7% of people, take it to the dentist after finding the broken fragment. In response to question 4, 63.5% put the broken fragment in the milk and take it to the dentist. In response to question 5, 57.1% of people after finding a tooth, replant it and take to the dentist. In response to question 6, 58.7% wash the tooth in tap water, if find the tooth covered by dirt. In response to question 7, 42.9% of people selected the extracted tooth environment as milk.

Comparison of previous studies and guidelines related to dental trauma management with the findings of this study showed that dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences have good knowledge about this issue.

Due to the increasing desire to the application of chemical therapy for periodontal disease among dentists, the percentage of inappropriate drug prescription is also on the rise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic and mouthwashes prescription among general dentists participating in the pediatric dentistry congress. This descriptive analytical study was done with the aid of two questionnaires distributed among 60 randomly chosen general dentists participating in pediatric dentistry congress. The highest percentage of antibiotic prescription was related to periodontal abscess (81%) while no one prescribed antibiotic for refractory periodontitis. About 60% of general dentists prescribed antibiotics before or during treatment. Only 15% of dentists, had done surgical treatment and mechanical debridement on patients with pocket depth more than 4 mm before mouthwash prescription. About 15% of dentists were not confirmed mouthwash prescription alone for periodontitis. Around 75% of dentists’ antibiotic prescription was inappropriate. Moreover 66.6% of them were also considered the wrong duration for antibiotic therapy.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among dentists due to incorrect long-term physical conditions is more than public community. Ergonomics and stress are among the causes of these pain. Due to lack of any report in Zanjan city this study aimed to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among zanjan dentists, ergonomic factors, job related stress and other related factors.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study, was done on 131 dentists of Zanjan. A questionnaire was designed based on standard Nordic and Job Stress Dimension questionnaire with the aid of a psychologist and physiotherapist. The questionnaire was distributed among dentists. From 131 dentists ,11 were excluded because they didn’t meet the criteria. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, affected area, stress and other factor was statistically analyzed with the aid of chi-square test.
Among 120 dentists who met the criteria, 60.8 % was men and 30.2% was women with mean age of 37.1. Prevalence of the pain in at least one site was 67.5%with most prevalent site was shoulder 30.8%, lumbar region 24.2% and neck 20.8 %. Reported stress was moderate in 90.7% cases and 9.3 percent of dentists reported mild stress. There is no significant relationship between age, sex, work period, work hours during week, stress, arm position, application of mirror and prevalence of pain. (p

After cerebrovascular and coronary diseases, trauma due to road accident is the leading cause of death in our country. Maxillofacial fractures have economic and psychological consequences in addition to effects on the aesthetic and function of a person. Because of high frequency of car accidents in Zanjan province roadways, evaluation of maxillofacial fractures is important.
The aim of study was to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in patients referred to Ayatollah - Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan in 2013-15.
In this descriptive retrospective study, personal’s profile (age, sex), and fracture pattern (etiology and location) of 303 patients were selected by archive review and recorded in the informative form. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.
Findings: From 277 evaluated maxillofacial fractures patients who met the inclusion criteria in this study such as completeness and legibility of registered data, 229 patients (82%) were male and 48 patients (18%) female. The peak incidence of maxillofacial injury was observed in the age group of 21-31 years. Most and least frequent site for fracture were mandible (26.7%) and condyle (6.9%) respectively. The most common cause for maxillofacial fracture in sequence were: car accident (79.4%), falling (8.3%), violence and assaults (5.8%).
The most common cause for maxillofacial fracture was car accident especially in young adult males. So, emergency relief for victims, vehicle safety, and increase public awareness about seat belt usage is suggested.

Despite recent progresses in cancer treatment, the oral cancer is still one of ten most common causes of death because of late diagnosis. Considering the role of cultural and geographical factors in oral cancer prevalence, epidemiological studies are of great importance. Many investigations have reported evidence of an increasing incidence in oral cancers during recent years. The aim of this research was to assess oral and maxillofacial malignancies in patients referring to Vali- Asr Hospital of Zanjan, during six years.

A descriptive and retrospective study was done using 214 medical files of patients whose oral and maxillofacial malignancy was histopothologically confirmed. Necessary demographic clinical and histopathological data were extracted. SPSS software was used to analyze data and drawing table and charts.

Minimum and maximum age of patients were 20 and 89 years respectively. Male to female ratio was 2.16 to 1. The most common clinical feature of oral and maxillofacial malignancies was ulcer and exophytic lesion. The most common site of oral and maxillofacial malignancies lesions were lower lip and tongue.

Although most of epidemiological patterns of oral and maxillofacial malignancies were similar to other researches, but male to female’s ratio and mean age were difference to other studies.

Oral health is an essential component of general health status which has an impact on physical and psychological health. Due to the importance of oral health, limited study in the field of dental problems among veterans and also the high number of chemically injured veterans, this study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of dental treatment needs in chemically injured veterans in Zanjan, Iran.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using Cluster Random Sampling. After coordination with the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs the veterans who met the criteria were examined by an oral medicine specialist in the oral medicine ward of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences with the aid of examination devices. Identification data for veterans, past medical history and their current treatment needs based on teeth number and type of dental treatment, were recorded in the questionnaire (standard WHO 2007) and were analyzed by SPSS 16.
The project was done on 141 patients with the mean age of 50.7±34.6 years (maximum 79 and minimum 42 years). Dental treatment needs were as follow: root canal treatment 78%, filling 73.8%, extraction 73.8% and prosthesis 34.8%.
A large number of veterans were in need of dental treatment mainly root canal therapy and dental extractions. This fact emphasis the need of periodic checkups and dental care for them.

Mucocutaneous lesions have high incidence in the population. Usually Clinical findings are not merely enough to make a diagnosis. The concordance between Clinical and Histopathological diagnosis is important, because suitable therapeutic procedures can be provided by evaluating the amount of their coordination. This research is done to evaluate concordance between clinical diagnosis and pathological report in mucocutaneus lesions.
In this descriptive analytical study, Identification data, clinical and pathological profile of patients with clinical diagnosis of mucocutaneous lesions, was chosen from the archive of the department of Oral Pathology of Qazvin Dental School containing 321 records and data analyzed statistically with the Kappa test, Cramer's Scale and chi square test.
Mean age of the patients was 46±12.1. Number of suffering women (%60.5) was estimated approximately two times more than men (%39.5). Maximum site of occurrence was the cheek and minimum site was the tongue. In %91 of lesions, Clinical and Histopathological diagnosis was comparative and in the rest %9 a non-comparison was reported. Maximum and minimum amount of diagnostic compliance were respectively Pemphigus and Pemphigoid. There was Sattistically significant differences between Clinical and Histopathological diagnosis .(PV=0.02)
Because mucocutaneus lesions have clinical signs in skin, oral and other mucosa, so it seems that accuracy of clinical diagnosis and its concordance with pathological diagnosis is acceptable. But pathologic survey is gold standard for differentiation of lesions such as lichen planus, lichenoid reaction and pemphigoid.

: There are some local or systemic factors can cause disorders in teeth growth pattern in different stage of teeth eruption and cause teeth dont grow naturally which are called under title of impacted teeth. In this study prevalence of impacted teeth by separation of kind of tooth, jaws, type and gender was assessed among a group of population.
In this cross-sectional (descriptive_analitycal) study, 1161 panoramic radiography from 14-24 years old patients who were referred to maxillofacial radiology center in Zanjan were evaluated (2014-2016). After evaluation of panoramic radiographies, the kind of impacted teeth, from each of the jaws and types of location and gender of patients were registered in the information form. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
In this study 275 impacted teeth (%23/7) were observed in the radiographies. The rate of impacted teeth among women and men was %25/1 and %21/7 respectively. The most amount of prevalence was related to mandibular third molar unilateral (%11/7) and followed by the mandibular third molar bilateral (%6/4) and maxillary canine unilateral (%2/5) The most amount of prevalence impaction mandibular third molar was related to mesioangular and vertical and followed by the horizontal and distoangular.
Discussion and : In this study prevalence of impacted teeth in the females was little more than of males. Prevalence of impacted teeth was (%77/4) in mandible and (%22/5) in maxilla. Generally, in this study prevalence of impacted teeth was higher than most similar studies.

A practical exam is important for evaluation of university students but there is not any satisfaction of traditional exams among clinical teachers. There are limited studies done for modification of traditional exams. This study aimed to compare the traditional and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) exams in term of clinical skills and satisfaction among dental students. Evaluation of thirty dental students was done with OSCE and traditional exams. A student was undergone oral medicine exam in the traditional form (10 questions) and OSCE (with ten stations). After the exam they fill questionnaire regarding their experience of the two methods. Data was analyzed with SPSS V.18. Mann-Whitney test, T test, chi square and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. In the OSCE group, scores of questions in the field of cognition was higher and psychomotor was lower than the traditional exam (p=0.001). OSCE is better stimulator of clinical situations and its stressful environment. Despite mismatch found between traditional exams and medical educational goals, most of universities apply this method. it is recommended to use OSCE method in evaluation of all fields of dentistry.

According to increase in quality and quantity of Continuing Medical Education(CME) Programms, assesment of educational needs is a part of research priorities in Education Development Centers(EDC).Due to lacking studies in this field among dentists, we decide to evaluate dentists opinion regarding qualiy and quantity of current Continuing Medical Education program. This descriptive study was done Among Zanjan providence General Dentists. 60 dentists fill the questionaire regarding qualitative and quantitative assesment of Continuing Medical Education.The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. This study was conducted on 64% male and 36% female with mean age of 41.49±7.49. They(52.5%) claimed that the most effective way to increase efficacy of these courses is to ask great instructors to do the courses and also the best method of performance is patient based method. The main problem of the dentists attending courses was thelong interval between the CME courses.Most of the dentists agreed to have 5-10 programms in a year.59.8 percent of them was agree with virtual internet based continuing education programms.they also claimed that there is a great balance between their educational needs and the programms. Because of the acceptance of virtual programms among most of the dentists,it is recommended to have virtual programms base on their educational demands

Systemic manifestation of many diseases may happen in the mouth. Some of these disease are so serious that their incorrect diagnosis can cause death. Delayed referral may be due to lack of knowledge regarding cancerous and precancerous oral lesions. It is necessary for general physicians to have some knowledge regarding common oral lesions. So، we decided to evaluate medical interns knowledge in this field. Our research sample was medical interns of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Each sample received a questionnaire that was designed with the aid of references. At the end، knowledge scores were classified as weak، intermediate and good. Data were analyzed with spss 18. 00، ANOVA and T-test. 51. 6% of interns didn’t have any knowledge regarding Oral Medicine. 80. 3% of them was agreed with teaching them Oral Medicine. Their accuracy in diagnosing malignant lesions، pigmented lesions and normal oral variations was 54. 2%، 67. 2% and 3. 7% respectively. Their diagnostic ability and their therapeutic approach regarding malignant lesions، pigmented lesions and normal oral variations was intermediate، high and weak respectively. Regarding malignancies، knowledge of medical interns should be increased. Re-evaluation of medical curriculum is recommended according to common oral diseases.

Achievement of maximum educational development is a major goal of education. Social adjustment is a main sign of psychological health. Because of lack of study regarding relationship of the educational development and social adjustment، this study was done. Dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were included (N= 87). Depending on educational development، students were given four different California Questionnaires (Same questions with different font). Ultimately data was analyzed with the SPSS version 15 and K2، Variance، T-test and regression. There was not any significant relationship between social adjustment and educational development (p›0. 05). The greatest average of social adjustment was found in students with constant educational development. There was not any significant relation between educational development، social adjustment، social factors and responsibility (p›0. 05). Attention of education authorities to evaluation of the students'' social health and taking measures for improving educational development is important.

Infective endocarditis is a rare condition that can occur as a result of invasive dental procedures in susceptible patients. In order to prevent this event, appropriate antibiotics must be prescribed for the susceptible patients. The present study was aimed to assess the general Dentists’ knowledge and practice regarding the prophylaxis of infective endocarditis prior to dental procedures in the city of Qazvin during 2010-2011. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 91 general dentists in the city of Qazvin through census sampling method followed by assessing their knowledge and practice using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic variables, heart disease, and the dental procedures requiring antibiotic prophylaxis and specific antibiotic regimen for different patients. The participants’ knowledge scores were determined by summing the total questions answered correctly. Data were analyzed by central tendency indices, student t test, ANOVA, and Tukey multiple comparison test. The mean knowledge score of the dentists regarding the prophylaxis against infective endocarditis was 15.95 compared to the maximum total score of 28 (standard deviation: 3.04). Seventy two respondents (79.1%) showed moderate (10-18 scores) and 19 (20.9%) with good knowledge (19-28 scores). No significant differences regarding the knowledge scores were noted between two genders or the years after graduation. However, the dentists aged 40 years or older had significantly higher knowledge scores compared to those aged 31-40 years (P<0.05). This study showed that the general dentists of Qazvin have moderate knowledge on prophylaxis against infective endocarditis, suggesting more continuous education programs have to be scheduled.

Workshop is a problem- based education may help change bad habits. Our study was designed to evaluate the Effect of workshop on drug prescription for oral diseases for Dental students of Qazvin university of Medical Sciences. After a pilot study, a reliable questionnaire for evaluation of the knowledge of students was designed.73 students completed the form before and after the workshop. Data were compared by t-test. Cronbach's alpha values (before and one month after workshop) showed significant improvement in quality of correct drug prescription among dental students. The drug prescription today is mostly relies on pharmacological concept which is a difficult issue. Our workshop was effective on quality of drug prescription. So, by designing workshops and applying new educational methods, we can overcome the problem.

Background and ObjectivesSome of the dental procedures can cause bleeding. Bleeding control can be affected in some patients due to systemic disease or chronic anticoagulant therapy, so they may be at increased risk for bleeding events or even death following invasive dental procedures. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists in Qazvin city regarding coagulation tests performed in bleeding disorders during 2010-2011. Materials and MethodsA questionnaire (including 23 questions) was designed with the aid of specialists in the field of oral medicine and hematology. This questionnaire was distributed among 124 general practitioners. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 15 and T-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey.ResultsThe mean score for dentists knowledge was 8.64 ± 1.20. There was no significant difference in the mean knowledge scores among male and female dentists. Tukey test showed a significant difference in the mean knowledge level among 31-40 year old and over forty year old dentists (p< 0.04). ConclusionsThis study showed that knowledge of the dentists regarding bleeding disorders is not at desirable level which requires planning for continuing education courses.