فهرست مطالب بایزید تاند

Pragmatics is the meaning of speech in addition to the circumstances in which the speech was said. It also pays great attention to the addressee (creative) and the addressee and their psychological and social condition. Ahmed Al-Mufdi is considered a knowledgeable poet who tends to get rid of what a person neglects to remember God - the Most High. With this divine love, he gives an emotional space for expression through the Diwan “The Hood Al-Ashaq” and still goes out of the circle of time, place, and history to prove this love in all A homeland and a home, and this needs the deliberative method, which achieves the intent of indirect speech based on the descriptive-analytical way, and the nature of speech acts, which is one of the meditative methods; According to the vision of Austin and Jean Searle, it embodies what is in the Diwan of undeclared purposes and intentions that aim to burn and get drunk in the heart of love by leaving the world and its pleasures, All of this reveals through the features of alert and encouragement to the intended and the purpose of the linguistic ability of the poet in the Diwan, which is derived from the symbol and the pilgrims, which is one of the beautiful and unusual methods. The poet follows the shadows of the beloved inside of his poetry as he drowns in the sea of ​​love with heedlessness about the world and what is in it.

Translation is the most original type of thought, which is the agent of transferring a culture from one place to another, in fact, it is a kind of complement to domestic production. Considering its hermetic nature, it always plays a significant role in the production of new ideas. Comparing the structure of different languages helps linguistic studies in a way, from the heart of these comparisons, we somehow get to the structural differences and characteristics of various languages. Gibran Khalil Gibran is a Lebanese-American writer. The novel "Prophet" is one of his most famous works, which has been translated into Arabic and Persian, its key concepts are happiness, sadness, love, work, pleasure, and religion. The present research has compared the Persian and Arabic translations of the novel against the original text of the novel, which is in English, by referring to the descriptive-analytical approach and providing various examples of various linguistic structures, so that various types of different structures of the three languages have been discovered from it, and by comparing the translations, the differences and the distinction between their syntactic and lexical structure were clearly revealed. On the other hand, the evaluation rate of the Arabic and Persian translations of the novel has been investigated based on the model of Carmen Garces. One of the most important results of the discussion is that sometimes the Persian translator, based on his own literary spirit, has created changes in the structures and compositions of the novel, which are somehow mixed with his feelings and literary nature, and this is the mode of expression that has given in the Persian translation of the novel additional interpretative emotions. It has given a double interpretation, while the Arabic translation of the novel shows signs of copying and apparent adaptation of the original text.

Coherence is one of the textual criteria that modern textual scholars have paid attention to in their endeavor to find an appropriate link between sentences on one hand and paragraphs on the other hand as an extension to the level of discourse. The importance of coherence lies in the process of understanding and interpretation. As coherence is related to the discourse as a whole and does not depend only on the level of sentences and paragraphs, the present applied study aims to reveal the criterion of coherence in the verses dealing with believers in the Holy Quran through the suras of Al-Hujurat, Al-Mu’minun, and Luqman. The study calls for moral virtues to reveal the beauty of cohesion and coherence between the elements of the mentioned chapters and to highlight the appropriate relationships between their verses. The results of the present study showed that there is a complementary system in the above-mentioned suras that manifests the features of education and discipline with highly influential suggestions and rejects deconstruction and fragmentation.

This paper studies the concept of informativity which concerns the measures in which a text is expected or unexpected, know or unknown for the receivers. This study tries to reveal the role of informativity standards in the Surah Balad and the Surah Ash-Shams. In addition to exploring the means in which the informativity level is raising, our study aims to apply the informativity curricula to the mentioned Surahs, and leans on the descriptive-analytical approach. The main focus of this article is on revealing the most prominent informativity manifestations which are reflected in voices and words, alongside with the structures, including the types of shifts and paradoxes in light of the linguistics of the text. In conclusion, this research will reveal the most important suggestive and semantic values of the meaning of words and sentences, with the effects of the recipients (the prophets, the people, the believers and non-believers) , in which the informativity will be determined from the beauty, the splendor and its superior rhetoric, moreover the novelty, the strangeness, and the unpredictability that finally leads to a better comprehension of the text.

The pragmatics of language is always dirctly related to proper comumnication (optimal communication) through which the most clarity and transparency of language reflection is achieved, Since it is a progressive process leading to a high layer of meaning and context, it absorbs all levels of language from the individual, communicative, and disciplinary state, Deliberationalism has different axes and among its axes are verbal actions that refer the mental image of language to the actual linguistic, emotional image. Surat Luqman is one of the important surah's that carry the verses of etiquetting and life style, and that needs a communicative or deliberative method, which achieves the intention of indirect speech, The nature of verbal and pilgrimage actions embodies the purposes and intentions of the Surah through a pilgrim communication strategy. It is also concerned with the impact of speech and its effect on the recipient. This is on the descriptive-analytical method, It is drawn from the curricula of Austin and Searle, who have spelled the theory of verbal actrtions it is striking that the informative or informative actions in the surah include the indirect purpose, such as encouraging believers to have good transcendental relations, taste and literature. The narrative and compositional actions in it are also indicative of warning and warning, in addition to encouraging sometimes. These meanings are of psychological significance, an emotion that gives life and movement in the hearts of the recipient, and it contains meanings other than direct connotations, which can be accessed through the denominator in which it is mentioned.

Phonological balance occurs when there are similar sounds in a poetic language. This artistic method is happened by phonological harmony, consonant and vowel repetitions and also repetitive syllable sequences, occasionally musical sound balance of a poetical language occurs in sentences and combinations which demonstrate poet's emphasis, inspirations and thoughts. Current papers by using the descriptive-analytic method shows the effects of sound balance repetitions in the contemporary Palestinian poet Ayman al-Labadi's book called "intifada". This paper analyses the various sound indications of mentioned poetical work which demonstrates that the poet could utilize words to manifest his thoughts and beliefs. Ayman al-Labadi by using the music of repetitive sounds unravels his inner tranquility, but when it's time to describe the crimes of occupational regimes, the tone of the poems recalls the melancholy and sorrow.

The present study discusses Surat AL- hajj from a stylistic approach depends on the different levels in modern linguistics field ( phonetic syntactical, structral and rhetorical in addition to the psychological aspects as means of analyse the literary text and uncovering its deep structure in which the summit lies in giving applied study to the sura . The study begins with giving a general definition to the sura and definition to the concept to stylistics, the researcher tackles the linguistic levels that emphasizes the rhythm and phonemic units and the different meanings and implicatrons associated with these. The study then shifts to tow levels, the syntactical level and grammatical level in dealing with the forms to the most prominent nouns, apart from the grammatical phenomena and constrnctions. The study then discusses the rhetorical level represented by the artistic representation and summetry. The representation depending on simile, metaphor, rhythm, apposition and assonance. In forming the artistic image in the sura a formation that betray, an artistic summetry and harmony in the general structure to the sura.

The archetypal literary criticism based on psychoanalytic literary criticism is one of the main approaches of contemporary literary criticism to discover the nature and the characteristics of mythology and archetypes, along with their roles in the literature.
This study aimed to investigate the archetype “death and rebirth” in the poetry of Mohammad al-Qaisi, a contemporary Palestinian poet, as well as the way this aspect of human beings’ collective unconscious has been reflected in his poems. It was hypothesized that the poet was aware of the collective unconscious of mind and the archetypes. In order to deepen the meaning of his poems, al-Qaisi was inspired by different texts such as those Islamic attempting to defamiliarize mythologies and archetypes. This study was an attempt to answer the question whether it is possible to scrutinize the poems of al-Qaisi through the perspective of archetypes – more specifically the archetype “death and rebirth”. The findings of this study show that the poems of this poet can be analyzed in terms of psychoanalytic criticism especially the collective unconscious, mythologies, and archetypes. Employing the archetype “death and rebirth” is one of the approaches of the poet to describe the pains and misery of the Palestinian people and the future of this people

Resistance literature is full of patriotism and liberalism. The resistance poet defends the aims of his hometown by his poetry weapon and applies his poem at his country’s political and social service. Thus the resistance poetry contains a strong epic and national spirit. This kind of literature calls people for defending their grand ideals. Tamim Al-Barghouti is a young Palestinian famous poet who applies his poetry and art at the service of Palestine problem. He has a famous ode calls “In Al - Quds” in which he depicts his countrymen pains well. The authors of the present article study the psychological and spiritual aspects of these poems in descriptive – analytical method.