فهرست مطالب بهزاد بخشی پور

This article contains the analysis of the analogies as the essential factors in discovering the scientific patterns based on the available philosophic theories and the results of cognitive sciences. A scientific pattern is a purposive system capable of describing a section or a part of a given theory. Most patterns evolve around Analogy; that is, by adopting analogy, new predictions and potential solutions regarding patternistic measures become evident. Advances made in this context are subject to analogy, an issue that not many scientists are concerned within their thoughts. This issue must be analyzed at its utmost by; 1) adapting the already observed orders and regulations because scientists need Analogy to fill the gap between theory and observations, 2) adopting concrete Analogy in predicting scientific theories without which no rational would support the suggested prediction, 3) mathematical Analogy in scientific patternistic approaches indicate its direct effect on the phenomena thereof and 4) its stance in discovery and justification for accurate comprehension of advances made in scientific realm is inevitable. The analogy with its specific stance can determine the scientific pattern configuration because analogies contribution is fundamental that it is sometimes claimed that they are patterns on their own. Addressing the discussion in the context is science is of high essence. First, some of the recognized analogies exhibit that in the process of science, there exist some analogic applications like scientific pattern configuration and insights discovery, connecting the non-related fields, inspiring technological applications, actualizing sudden predictions to enhance rationality and prosper and expand the theories; next, by analyzing analogies the primary difference between the material and apparent analogies the consent among the philosophers and the features and relations among a source range and a distance range can be determined and third, analogies and the basis of a pattern, that is, they lead to their perception and expansion (e.g., the gravitational and electrostatic forces ), next to attending are to make a connection between different determines. Though the issue of Analogy usually is addressed in a patterning context, we should ask ourselves: What is understood by studying analogy regarding patterns? What can possibly be attained? The objective here is to analyze the scientific patterns by focusing on their innate contributions by assessing the essence of analogy in pattern construction. To begin with, the analogy stance in the pioneer scientists' perception in this field will be defined, followed by the connections between analogy and scientific patterns according to the latest findings in cognitive science scientists of this field regarding structure-mapping approach by resorting to different concrete examples. The strength and weakness of this standpoint in the view of the philosophers and scientists will be answered and criticized.

Most successful scientific theories are intermingled with, and involve the main components of, creative realism. That is, they are structurally related to realistic issues and concepts, and yet they inspire imagination without being grounded in illusions or pre-established principles. Based on theoretical models and by adopting an analytic and library method, this article seeks to provide an analysis of creative realism as part of the process of discovering new theories and notions in science. We conclude that notions of creative realism cannot be achieved without structural connection and imaginative provocation, since structural connection preserves the most crucial similarities and the deepest features of the previous notion in the present notion, and imaginative provocation provides us with consequences of a new notion and effective scientific possibilities in the relevant field of cognition. The criteria for evaluation of creative realism are powerful epistemic means by awareness of which scientists and inventors can achieve the features of a notion which increases creative realism.

Undoubtedly one of the terminologies that is ultimately ambiguous is technology. The question of the essence and nature of technology is one of the most complex questions that has involved the minds of scientists. We believe that technology is the “external appearance" of humans. The reason for this statement is that the origin of technology is in the creative dimension of imagination. Despite the confident relationship between technology and the dimension of creativity (maker and made), today technology has caused most damage in the field of anthropology on the dimension of human creativity. In this research, we have tried to explain "the negative impact of technology" on the creative dimension. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. In this research, we will examine the negative effect of technology in three areas of Ontological, epistemological, and Cognitive value.